GEOGRAPHY. 4C)<) 
'this coaft is fo far north, and fo very little frequented, 
that it will abundantly iufRce to mention two or thrqe 
places in fuccelTion to the fouthward, as Surroy, Mael- 
■ftrobm, Drontl'.eim, and Chriftianfund, Staten Land, 
■Bergen, and the Naze, at the entrance of the Scaggerac 
Sea, or the ocean which leads to the Cattegattc and the 
•opening into the Baltic Sea. 
As we fhall not have another opportunity of men¬ 
tioning it in this general view, it is here to be noted 
that the ifland of Spitzbergen, or Eafl: Greenland, is 
■confidered as belonging to Europe. Wc may here alfo 
brie-fly date the coalls of the Baltic from the Naze 
Point, within which to the north-eaft is the coaft of Ag- 
gerhuys, and on the eaft coafl: to the fouthward that of 
Bahus. Well Gotliland and Schonen follow to Falfler- 
Lorn Point, or the opening to the Baltic, round which, 
to the nortli-eafl: ortlie wed coaft of the Baltic, are tlie 
coaftsof Biekinga, Eaft Gotliland, Sudermania, Upland. 
'I'o thefe on the north are Geftricia, Helfinga, and Me- 
deljiadia, on the weft fliore of the Gulf of Bothnia, as 
tar as to fixty-three degrees -of north latitude. Eaft 
Bothnia and Finland are on the eaft coaft of the fame 
gulf; and a part of the Finland coaft, with Nylandand 
Carclia, from the north coaft of the Finland Gulf, as 
far as to Pelerfburgli, to the fouth-weft of which is Ih- 
gria. Livonia on the w'cft not only forms the fouth 
coaft of the Finland Gulf, but extends fouthward round 
the ■wefternmoft point to the bottom of Riga Gulf. 
"Courland is to the weftward of that, comprehending 
the weft coaft of that gulf, and alfo trending foutherly 
from the point on the eaft coaft of the Baltic ; a fmall 
extent of Samogitia fucceeds to it, nearly to Memel, 
and next the coaft of Prullia, including Dantzic Gulf. 
< 3 n the foiith-weli: is the coaft of Pomerania, as far as 
Stralfund, and then Hol-ftein, as far as to the fouthward 
of Funen Ifland. From hence Slefwick and Jutland 
run up north to the point of the Scaw, which forms the 
fouth fide of the entrance from the Scaggerac into the 
Cattegatte Sea. 
To the fouth of the entrance to the Scaggerac Sea, 
is the peninfula of Jutland, Slefwick, and Holftein, the 
laltof vv'hich is limited by the river,Eibe ; and on the 
fouth fide ,of it is the diftriiSl of Bremen in Germany, 
being bounded by the river Wefer on the fouth-weft, 
in which direttiQn nearly the coaft trends away towards 
the moutli of the Fhns yiver, and the entrance to Emb- 
■den and the Dollart Sea, at the north-eaft extremity of 
the Low Countries. The coaft then turns weft along 
Groningen and Weft Friefland to the opening into the 
Zuyder Zee ■within the Texel iflands ; along the outfide 
of thefe the coaft turns again nearly fouth to the mouth 
of the Maefe, and thence foiith-'weft without the illands 
ot Zealand'as. far as Sluys. The coaft goes on in that 
direction nearly to Calais, oppofite to Dover on the 
En^IiTji fiioro. Being now come to the north coaft of 
Franqe, or the fouth fhore of the Engli-fti chknnel, it 
trerids’dft' foutli, a very little wefterly to Dieppe, and 
from thence to Havre de Grace, at the mouth of the 
•Seine. Tlie coaft afterwards turns weft and north of 
weft to Cape de la Hogue, and again turns fouth a little 
eaft to Cancale bay, ■where it once more trends to the- 
weft, with feme variation, till it bends fouth-weft to- 
ward'S the ifland of Ufhant, oil'the nortli-weft extremity 
of France. What is called tlie weft coaft of- Francb, 
extends from hence to-the bottom of the Bay of Bifcay 
near Bayonne, in the direction.of about fouth' by eaft. 
The coaft from hence turns due weft, or a little north 
of weft, to Cape Qrtegal, and may either be called the 
north coaft of.;Spain, or th.e fouth fliore of the Bay of 
-Bifcay. It then changes fouth-weft to Cape Finifterre, 
andaftervi/ards to Mitiiio river, due fouth; which di¬ 
vides Spain from Portugal. Thefe coafts comprehend 
Bifcay, beginning from the eaftvvard, with Afturius and 
Galicia. With a finally bow the coaft of Portugal is 
fouth. to the mouth of the Tagus or the river of Liflioiu 
yoi.,\iii. No.513. 
which direction it continues nearly to Cape St. Vincent ; 
from whence it changes due eaft to tlie mouth of Gua- 
diana river, which here again divides Portugal from 
Spain. From hence to the Straits of Gibraltar, the- 
coaft trends about fouth-eaft by fouth, pafling along 
near Cadiz, and is called the coaft of Andalufia ; near 
which, on tlie aifi: of OcTcober, 1805, the immortal NeL- 
fon gained the completeft viftory over the combined 
fleets of France and Spain, that was e'/er recorded in • 
the annals of the world. ' • ‘ 
To continue the European coaft, the northern fhorei ^dt 
of the Adediterranean, within Gibraltar Straits, extends 
variably towards the north-eaft; having firll the toaft 
of Granada as fur as to Portilla, at north-north-eaftfrom 
Cape Gates, and then Murcia, extending rouKd the 
point to the eaftward of Carthagena. Valencia, fome- 
times called the kingdom of Valencia, extends from 
hence northward nearly to Sofa Bay; and Catalonia 
ftretches away at north-eaft to Cape Creux to the north-- 
ward of Rofa Bay. The fouthern coaft of France now 
again comes in, when the coaft ot Roufillon ftretches 
north, a little wefterly towards Narbonne; this fea be¬ 
ing ufually called the Gulf of Narbonne. The inlet 
or lake between Salce and Leucate, to the north of Per¬ 
pignan, is the limit between Roufilion and Languedoc;’ 
the coaft of this lafi: fextends again to the north-eaft by 
Montpellier, as far as the mouths oj the river Rhone. 
On the eaft fide of that river is Provence, notv the de¬ 
partment of the Var, which ftretches by a circular coaft 
to Toulon and the Hieres, and thence to Nice, which 
foi ms the boundary of Italy at the mouth of the Var. 
Piedmont pofTeffes a fmall fpace of coaft to the eaft- 
ward of Nice as far as Ventimiglia; after which Genoa,- 
round the gulf of its name, pofrefles a long extent ot 
coaft, as far as the Gulf de Mayre or Ma'fa. Lucca- 
next pofTeffes a fmall fpace of co'aft; and' Tufeany, 
which commences tctllie north-weft of Leghorn, ftretches 
away to the fouth-eaft nearly to Orbitello. Here ths- 
coaft on this fide commences belonging to that diftriit 
which, till the French revolution, has been called the 
States of the Church of Rome, extending as far as to 
Terracina on the eaft of Mount Cercelli, in the direftion 
of fouth-eaft. The kingdom of Naples nebit fucceeds, 
which comprehends all the extremity of Italy on both 
coafts, and as far to the north-weft on the coaft of Italy 
in the G'ulf of Venice, as to Pronto river. On this 
fide, the States of the Church extend to the mouth of 
the river Po, where the coaft of Venice commences, 
which then begins to turn round to the north and north-, 
eaft, as far nearly as to Aquileia. 
Next commences the Gulf of Triefte, in the north- 
eaft angle at the bottom of the Gulf of Venice or the 
Adriatic Sea; the coaft being called by the name of 
Carniola, on the fouth-eaft of which is the peninlula oi_ 
Iftria. To tlie laft fucceeds on the fouth-eaft the Gult 
of Quarnero, in which are feveral iflands running parallel 
to the fliore, being long and narrow, and the coal’t known 
by the name of Morlachia, which belongs to I urkey in 
Europe. Dalmatia fucceeds to this alfo on the fouyi- 
eaft; and Albania in the fame direftion from that. 
rus, Achaia, and the Morea, fucceifively follow to Cape 
Matapan, or the extreme fouth point of the peninlula^ 
of Greece. The coaft doubles round'by Cap-e St. An-^ 
gelo on the eaft fide towards the north, to thd Gulf ot 
Napoli and the Gulf of Engia or Angia, lonieliiaes called 
the Gulf of Corintli. From the bottom oi this g-ult to- 
that of Lepanto on the weft fide is but a very narrovv 
ifthmus, the land- to the I'outh forming the peninfula of 
the Morea. The Archipelago fea is on the eaft between 
Greece and the coaft of Afia; but the land of Greece 
ftill inclines round the capes to the north-eaft as far as 
to the fouth-eaft extremity of the large ifland of Negro- 
pout, when it runs up to the north-weft to the Gulf of 
Salonichi. From thence it trends north-eaft,-or niore- 
eafterly, to the Gulf of Contella; from the bottom ot 
5 M- which 
