410 GEOGRAPHY. 
which the coafl changes eaft to the Gulf of Caridia, to trending a little to the eaft of fouth, which laft reaches 
the fouth of which- is the opening of the ftrait of tlie to about fifteen degrees of fouth latitude. From tltence 
Dardanelles into the fea of Marmora uo to Conftanti- to the fouth is the coafl of the Cimbcbas, after which 
nople. From the Gulf of Corinth hither has been com¬ 
prehended under the general name of Ronielia; but, 
more diftindtly confidered, Atlsens ; the call coafl of 
Achaia, and ThefTaly, futcecd on the weft fide of the 
Archipelago, Macedonia on the north-wefl, and Roma¬ 
nia, or the ancient Thrace, on the north. 
The well and north coafls of the Black Sea, through 
sailie flraits of Conflantinople, are alfo in Europe ; where 
^■e meet with the eaflern limits of Romania, Bulgaria, 
and Beffarabia, belonging to Turkey, extending to the 
river Dniefler, to wliicli Budziac Tartary, and Little 
Tartary, with the peninfula of the Crimea, fucceed on 
the north coafl of that fea; the coafl of Little Tartary 
forming alfo the north-wefl coafl of the fea of Azoph, 
■which is alfo within the limits of Europe. Thefe feas 
are at prefent but little knowii to any except the Ruf¬ 
fians and Turks. 
WESTERN COASTS of ASIA. 
Comrnencing our view of the coafls of Afia, we may 
begin with the Sea of Azoph and tile Black Sea, on tlie 
eafl coafls of which we meet with Circaflia; to which 
fucceeds Armenia on the fouth of the latter fea, and 
Natoiia or Anatolia on the weft and fouth-wefl of it, 
along the eafl coafl of the flraits of Conflantinople, to 
the fouthward from the Dardanelles. Caramania fuc¬ 
ceeds to this to the fouth, and extends eaftward towards 
Scanderoon at the north-eafl angle of the Levant coafl. 
The coafl from hence turns due fouth again, forming the 
eaflern extreme coafl of the Mediterranean, or the weft 
part ol Syria; to which fucceeds Palefline, changing a 
little to the weft of fouth, as far as the mouth of the 
river Nile in Egypt, or the eafternmoll branch of it be¬ 
low Pelufium, now called Damietta. This is the extent 
of Afia in this fea, 
COASTS OF AFRICA, 
Leaving therefore, for a time the coafls of Afia, which 
here feem to forfake us, we run vveflward along the north 
coafl of Africa, where Egypt, the firft country on the 
eaftward, falutes us. But we have no knowledge of the 
coall farther weft than to Alexandria, though the coafl 
of Egypt is faid to extend to Alberton to the weftwa^d 
of Cape Carabea, W'here the coafl of Tripoli commences, 
confidered as one of the ftates of Barbary by geogra. 
pliers. This comprehends a great extent of coafl, a°far 
to the vveflward as the Gull of Cabes, which is nearly 
due fouth from Cape Bona. The coafl of Tunis, ano¬ 
ther of the Barbary ftates, runs northward from this 
Gulf to Cape Bona, and thence wefterly as far as the 
Seven Capes, in about eight degrees of eafl longitude. 
Here commences the coafl of Algiers, another of the 
Barbary ftates, which ftretches along to the weft and 
fouth-weft, to the bottom of the gulf, in which near the 
coafl are the Zaffarine illands, at fouth-eafl from Cape 
Three Points, or De Tres Forcas. The coafl of Mo¬ 
rocco or Fez there begins, and ftretches to the flraits of 
Gibraltar, by Ceuta and Tangier, and to the fouth-wefl 
without the ftraits as far as Cape Non ; this is the moft 
wefterly of the Barbary ftates. The defert of Zanhaga 
is to the fouthward of this | and to the fouth of that is 
Senegambia, which begins at the ifland and fort of St. 
Louis. The coafl of the kingdom of Mandingho is far¬ 
ther to the fouth, on which is the fettlement of Sierra 
Leone. To this fucceeds, as the coafl trends to the eaft- 
v^ard, being known by the general name of the coafl of 
Upper Guinea, the Grain coafl, the Ivory Tooth coafl, 
the Gold coafl, and the Slave coafl, extending as far as 
to the Gulf ot Guinea, To thefe fucceed towards the 
fouth-eaft, the kingdoms of Benin, comprehending Ca¬ 
labar and Calbongos; and to the fouth of the equator 
are Loango, Congo, Angola, and Bcnguela, the coaft 
the coafl is defert, and little known till the approach to 
the Cape of Good Hope, on each fide of which the 
country is called the coafl of the Hottentots. 
Being now advanced into the eaflern ocean, the coafl 
of Monomotapa fucceeds, including Natal, Fumos, In- 
hambane, and Sofala; after which Mozambique, Zangue- 
bar, Ajan or Samhar, and Adel, follow, to the entrance 
of the flraits of Babelmandel, where the coafl of Africa, 
facing the Eaflern or Indian ocean, terminates. Of the 
large and extenfive iiland of Madagafcar we need only 
fay, that it runs almofl parallel to this coa’ft, about 
north-north-eafl oft' the coafls of Monomotapa and Mo¬ 
zambique, from four to feven degrees of longitude on 
the eaftward ; the fpace between is frequently called the 
channel of Mozambique, 
SOUTH AND EAST COASTS of ASIA. 
The coafl of Arabia Felix extends in the direction of 
north-eafl by eafl from the mouth of the Red Sea to the 
opening of the Perfian gulf; the fouth coafl of Perfia. 
then turns nearly eafl to the River Indus, which is the 
boundary to the country of Hindooftan. This runs 
down to the fouth-eafl by the Gulfs of Cutch and Cam- 
baya, and then more fouth by Bombay and Goa along 
the Malabar coafl of the peninfula of India to Cape Co¬ 
morin ; from whence, round the ifland of Ceylon, the 
coafl runs up nort’n and north-eafl along the coafl of Co¬ 
romandel with Golconda, the F'ive Circars, Oriffa, and 
Bengal, on the weft fide of the bay of Bengal, at the 
bottom of which it paffes the mouths of the Ganges. 
The coafls of Chittigong, Aracan, and Ava, in the 
kingdom of Pegu, are on the eafl fide of the bay, with 
Martaban, Tanas, Sariin, and Quedah, in the long and 
narrow peninfula of Malacca; the laft being along the 
coaft within the ftraits of Malacca into the Eaflern In¬ 
dian Ocean. The large and extenfive ifland of Sumatra, 
forms the other fide of thefe flraits on the fouth-weft, 
and runs out to the flraits of Sunda, between the 
fouth-eaft end of Sumatra Ifland, and the weft end of 
Java Ifland. 
Being advanced into the Eaflern Indian Ocean, we 
fhall only obferve of the large and numerous illands 
here, that they form various ftraits and channels, of 
which we cannot in this place take notice. See the an¬ 
nexed Map on Mercator’s Projedlion. Turning up the 
coaft, therefore, from the fouth-eafl extremity of the 
Malacca Straits, the eaflern coaft of the peninfula of 
Malacca turns to the north-north-well into the Gulf of 
Siam, of which, after running up from one degree to 
fourteen degrees of north latitude, it forms an call coaft 
down to Point Camboja in about nine degrees, where it 
again trends to the north-eafl to Cape Avarilla. The 
bottom of the gulf may be called the coaft of Siam, 
and this laft-mentioned coaft is known by the name of 
Cambodia, from the mouths of that river which here 
difeharge its waters into the China Sea. Hereabouts 
commences the coaft of Cochin-china, which turns 
norfh-north-weft j then Quinani fucceeds, and afterwards 
Tonquin, along the bottom of the Gulf of Tonquin, 
where the coaft again paffes to the north-eafl. After 
doubling the ifland of Hainan, Canton fucceeds to the 
north-eafl; then Fokien, Chekien, and Shanton; which 
laft forms the weft coaft of the opening to the Yellow 
Sea, which runs up into a gulf towards Pekin. The 
peninfula of Korea is on the eafl of this fea, and on its 
eafl fide the Gulf of Korea, within the illands of Japan 
on the north-weft. Jeflb llles, which form the ftraits 
fo called, between them and the coaft of Eafl Tartary, 
are to the north eafl, along which coaft to the north-eafl 
and north is the courfe to the large and open fea of 
Ochotfk, in the north and north-well parts of which are 
the Koriaks. The peninfula of Kamtfchatka makes 
