GEORGIA. 
St. Mary’s, which forms a part of the fouthern boun¬ 
dary of tlie United States. The rivers in the middle 
and weHern parts bclon" more properly to Georgia Wejl- 
ern Territcry. All thefe are dored with a great variety 
of fi)h, as rock, mullet, whiting, (had, trout, drum, 
bals, catfilh, white, brim, and tturgeon; and the bays 
and lagoons are fujjplied with oytlers, and other fhell- 
filh,. crabs, thrimps, &c. I'he clams, in particular, are 
large, their meat white, tender, and delicate. I'he fliark 
and great black (ling-ray are infatiable cannibals, and 
very troublelbme to the (ifliermen. I'hc chief lake or 
marih is Itkantanoka, by Come called Ouaquaphenogaw, 
which is three hundred miles in circumference. 
The eaftern part of the (late, between the mountains 
and the ocean, and the rivers Savannah and St. Mary’s, 
a tradl ot country more than one hundred and twenty 
miles from north to fouth, and from fifty to eighty eaft 
and wed, is level, without a hill or (lone. At the dif- 
tance ot about torty or fifty miles from the fea board, 
or fait marfh, the lands begin to be more or lefs uneven, 
until they gradually rile to mountains, d he vafl chain 
ot the Alleghany or Appalachian mountains, which 
commence with the Kaats Kill, near lludfon river, in 
the date ot New' York, terminate in Georgia, lixty miles 
louth ot its northern boundary. From the foot of this 
mountain Ipreads a wide extended plain, of the richeft 
foil, and in a latitude and climate well adapted to the 
cultivation of mod ot the productions of the fouth of 
Europe, and of the Ead Indies. In the low country, 
near the rice fwamps, bilious complaints and fevers of 
various kinds prevail during the months of July, Au- 
gud, and September ; but the fertility of the foil, and 
the eafe with which it is improved, are a futiicient in¬ 
ducement to fettlers, and an unfailing fource of wealth. 
Before the fickly feafon approaches, the rich planters, 
with their families, remove to the fea idands, or fome 
elevated fituation, for the benefit of the frefh air. In 
the winter and fpring, pleurifies, peripneumonies, and 
other inflammatory dHorders, occafioned by violent and 
tudden colds, are very common, and frequently’ fatal. 
Conlumptions, epilepfies, cancers, palfies, and apo¬ 
plexies, are not (o common among the inhabitants of 
the fouthern as northern climates. Yet the winters in 
•Georgia are very mild and pleafant. Snow is feldom 
teen ; nor is vegetation often prevented by fevere frods-, 
Cttitle tubfid well during the winter, feeding in the 
w oods and tavannas, and are fatter in that feafon than in 
any other. In the hilly country, which begins about 
fifty, and in (ome places one hundred, miles, from the 
fea, the air is pure and taliibrious, and the water plen¬ 
tiful and good. From June to September, the mercury 
in Fal-.renheit’s thermometer commonly flutluates front 
76 to 90 ; in winter trom 40 to 60. The mod pre¬ 
vailing winds are fouth-vted and ead; in w'inter north- 
wed. "1 he ead w’ind is warmed in winter, and cooled 
in (tinuncr. 'I he fouth wind, in fummer and fall parti¬ 
cularly, is damp, (ultry, unelaftic, and of courfe un¬ 
healthy. In the fouth-ead parts of this date, which 
lie within a few degrees of the torrid zone, the atmo- 
Iphere is kept in motion bv imprefiions from the trade 
winds. This purifies the'air; fo that it is found to 
iiave falutary efledts on confumptive habits. 
In the low lands are the rice fields. In the interior 
and hilly parts, wheat, In.lian corn, and the other pro- 
duCtions more common to the northern dates. Rice is 
at prcleiu the daple commodity of the date; tobacco, 
wheat, and indigo, are the other gi'eat articles of pro¬ 
duce. Befides thefe, the date yields cotton, (ilk, corn, 
potatoes, oranges, figs, olives, pomegranates. See. The 
toreds conlidol oak, liickory, uuilbei ry, pine, cedar,&c. 
The whole coad is bordered w ith iflands"; the principal 
of which are Skidaway, Wadaw, Olfabaw, St. Catha. 
nine’s, Sapelo, Frederica, Jekyl, Cumberland, &c. 
I hefe idands are lurrounded by navigable creeks, be- 
Jween which and the main land is a large extent of tail 
Voi.. V III. No. _;i6 
440 
mardi, fronting the W’hole date, not lefs, on an average, 
than four or five miles in breadtii; interfered with 
creeks in various diredlions, admitting, through the 
whole, an inland navigation, between tlie idands and the 
main land, from the nortlt-ead to the fouth-ead corners 
of the (fate. The ead Tides of thefe idands are, for the 
mod part, clean fandy beaches, expofed to the wadi ot 
the ocean. Between thefe idands are the entrances of 
tlie rivers from the interior country, winding through 
the low fait marfiies, and delivering tlieir waters into 
tlie founds, which form capacious harbours of trom 
three to eight miles over, and whicli communicate w'ith 
each other by parallel creeks. 
The foil and its fertility are various, according to fitu¬ 
ation and diderent improvement. ’1 he idands in their 
natural date are covered with a plentiful growtli ot 
pine, oak, hickory, live oak, (an uncommonly hard and 
very valuable wood,) and fome red cedar. The (oil is 
a mixture of fand and black mould, making what is 
commonly called a grey foil. A condderable part of it, 
particularly that whereon grow the oak, hickory, and 
live oak, is very rich, and yields on cultivation good 
crops of indigo, cotton, corn, and potatoas. I'he (oil 
of the main land, adjoining the mardies and creeks, is 
nearly of tlie fame quality with that of the idands ; ex¬ 
cept that which borders on thole rivers and creeks which 
dretch far back into the country. On thele commence 
the valuable rice fwamps, which, on cultivation, afford 
the prefent chief llaple of Georgian commerce. '1 he 
foil between the rivers and the edge of the fwamps, at 
the didance of twenty or thirty miles, changes trom a 
grey to a red colour, on which grows plenty of oak and 
hickory, with a condderable intermixture of pine. In 
fome places it is gravelly, but tertile, and fo continues 
for a number of miles, gradually deepening the reddidi 
colour of the earth, till it changes into what is called 
tlie Mulatto- foil, conddiiig of a black and red eartli. 
The Mulatto lands are generally drong, and yield large 
crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, o:c, 'I'o this kind ot 
land fucceeds by turns a foil nearly black, and very rich, 
on which grow large quantities of walnut, mulberry,&e. 
This fucceflion of different foils continues uniform and 
regular, though there are fome large veins of all tlie 
different foils intermixed; and what is more remark¬ 
able, this fucceifion, in the order mentioned, ftretclies 
acrofs.this date nearly parallel with the I'ea-coad, and 
extends through the feveral (tates, nearly in the lame 
direction, to the banks of Hudfon-river. 
Cotton wa€ formerly planted liere only by the poorer 
dais of people-, and that for family ufe. Tliey planted 
two kinds, the annual, and the Wed Indian ; the tornier 
is low, and planted every year; the balls are large, and 
the flocks drong, and perfectly white. The latter is a 
tall perennial plant, the dalk fomewhat fhrubby, feveral 
of which rife up from the root for teveral years lucccf- 
fively ;' the dems of the former year being killed by the 
winter frods. The balls of tlie Wed-India cotton are 
not quite fo large as the other, but the flock or wool is 
long, extremely fine, filky, and white. A plantation of 
this kind will lad feveral years, with moderate labour 
and care. The culture of cotton in Georgi-a is now 
much more attended to; feveral indigo planters have 
converted their plantations into cotton fields; and it is 
expected that the dates of South Carolina and Georgia 
will be able to raife more than ten millions of pounds of 
cotton annually for exportation. 
Mod of the tropical fruits would flouriih in this date, 
W’ith proper attention. The fouth-w'edern part of Geor¬ 
gia, and the parts of Ead and Wed Florida, which lie 
adjoining, will, probably, in fome future time, become 
the vineyard of America. The chief articles of export 
are rice, tobacco, indigo, fago, lumber, naval dores, 
leather, deer-(kins, fnake-root, myrtle, bees-wax, 
corn, and live dock. The planters and farmers raile 
large (locks of cattle, from 1,000 to 1,300 head, and 
5_Y fome 
