G E R 
fnto thice lobes, tlie middle one liaving ufmlly tln'ee 
notches, tlie fide ones entire. It varies, however, tVom 
this dilpofition; in rocky lituations the leaves are only 
lialfan inch broad, and not I'o mncli divided. The whole 
{ilant is fometimes red. Native.of moll parts of Europe, 
on walls, roofs, banks, in rocky and fhady places, and 
in a chalky foil among corn; it flowers from June till 
i^ugufi. 
17. Geranium columbinum, or long-fireaked crane's- 
bill: peduncles longer than the leaf; leaves five-parted, 
multifid; calyxes five-cornered, awned ; arils fmooth. 
Slender, mofily proeumbent, with fmall, rigid, clole- 
pirefled, hairs. Leaves a little hairy on both liirfaces, 
divided to the foot-ftalk into feveral lobes, tliele again 
divided with linear fegments. Native of moli; parts of 
Eiurope, in corn-fields and pafiures, and under hedges. 
It flowers from June till Augufi. 
28. Geranium incanum, or hoary crane’s-bill: pedun¬ 
cles two-flowered ; calyxes awned ; petals entire; arils 
hirl'ute ; leaves liibdigitate, pinnatifid. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
29. Geranium diiredfum, or jagged crane's-bill : pe¬ 
duncles Ihorter than the leaf; leaves five-parted, trifid, 
and nuiltifid; petals emarginate; arils villofe. This 
I'pecies can fcarcely ^be miltaken for any-other; it is, 
however, not only difiinguilhed by its finely divided 
leaves, whence its trivial name, but by the flowers, 
which are ufually of a bright colour. It varies greatly 
in fize ; alfo with flefh-coloured and white flowers. Na¬ 
tive of mofl parts of ETirope, by road fides, on banks, 
in tallow- fields, and on the borders of pafiures, flower¬ 
ing in May and June, till Augufi. 
30. Geranium Carolinianuin, or Carolina crane’s-bill: 
leaves five-parted, gafhed ; calyxes awned ; petals emar¬ 
ginate ; arils^ hirl'ute. This greatly refembles common 
dove’s-foot or crane’s-bill. No. 23. but is fmaller, and 
the branches are fliorter; the flowers are very fmall, of 
a pale blue colour; feeds black, with Ihort ereil beaks. 
Native of Carolina. 
31. Geranium Bohemicum, or Bohemian crane’s-bill: 
petals emarginate; arils rough with hairs; cotyledons 
trifid, with the middle cleft truncate. Stems niany, 
branched. Flowers of a fine blue colour. Said to be a 
native of Bohemia; fldwers front June till Augufi. 
32. Geranium Robertianum, fiinking crane’s-bill, or 
herb Robert : leaves quinate and ternate, gaflied ; ca¬ 
lyxes ten-angled. Stems Ipreading, branched, blood- 
red, hairy, particularly in young plants. The w'hole is 
befet with pellucid hairs, but becomes fmoother as the 
plant grows older. It is commonly red at the joints, 
and the whole plant is frequently red. It has a difa- 
greeable rank fmell wdien bruiled. A decodion of herb 
Robert has been known to give relief in calculous cafes ; 
it is confiderably aftringent, and is given to cattle when 
they make bloody water, or have the bloody flux. Na¬ 
tive of all Europe, in woods, under hedges, in hollow 
trees, on walls and the roofs of houfes, among rubbifli, 
and in ftony places, flowering from April through the 
whole fummer. 
In the variety which occurs near Swanning in Dor- 
fetfiiire, and on the fliore of Selfey iiland, the whole plant 
is fiiining, the leaves fmaller, and more deeply divided. 
Propagation and Culture, The annual forts of geranium 
may be increafed by feeds; and, if thefe be permitted to 
fcatter, the plants will come up without any farther 
care. The perennial forts, which are more numerous, 
nray be increafed the fame way, or by parting the roots 
in autumn. They imiy be planted in almoft any foil or 
fituation, and require no other culture but to keep them 
clean from weeds. Many of them, indeed, are common 
weeds, but even fome of thefe have beauty enough to 
recommend them to a place in a garden, particularly 
the fecond, eighteenth, twenty-firfi, and twenty.fecond. 
VoL. Vlll. No. 517. " 
G E R t-: 
fpccies. See FjRODiUM, Grielum, MoNSONi.t,an>- 
PEL.tRCO.VIUM. 
GERANOM'ACHY, /. [from a crane, 
Gr. to fight.] The fabulous v\ar betwee:i th- 
cranes and pigmies. Scott. 
GERAN'l'HRj^i, in ancient geography, a tow;', of 
I.aconia. Paufanias. 
GE'RAR, [Heb. a pilgrimage.] A man’s iiamt, 
GFi'RAR, the name of a place fituated in the land oi 
the Philifiines; noted in feripture as the temporary refi- 
dence of the patriarchs AbVaham and Ifaac ; and w here 
each of them pradifed the I'ame expedient of denying 
his wife. Afa king of Judah gained a decifive vittory 
over Zerah the FAhiopian near this place. Gc«. xx. xxvi,. 
2 Chron.xlv, 13, 14. 
GEiR'ARD, furnamed Thom, or according to others' 
Tung, oi'Tenciue, the founder and fiift grand-mafter 
of the order of St. John of Jeruftlem, was a native of 
the iile of Martigues, on the coaft of P.-ovence. 'Wliile 
Jerufalem was in theliands of the Saracens, tome mer¬ 
chants of Amalfi, a town in the Neapolitan territoiy, 
obtained permillion from tlie fultan of Egypt and Syria, 
to erect a benediCtine monafiery near tlie holy fepulchre, 
for the convenience of the numerous pilgrims wlio came 
to vifit it. Among others, Gerard arrived to pay his 
devotions in the holy city, where he acquii-ed a higli 
cliaraifer with the Chriftians for his piety and prudence. 
The fanaticifm of the times occafioning the number of 
pilgrims to increafe every year, by which means the 
treafury of the monafiery received confiderable fupplies, 
the abbot was enabled, in 1080, to build a hofpital for 
the reception of the poorer pilgrims, and with accom¬ 
modations for the relief of the fick, the management of 
which he gave to Gerard. The chapel of that hofpital 
was confecrated to St. John, becaufe of a tradition 
among the inhabitants of Jerufalem, that Zecharias, the 
father of St. John, had lived on the fpot where it was 
built. After the conqueft of Jerufalem by the Chrif¬ 
tians, under Godfrey of Bouillon, Gerard projefted the 
foundation of a new religious order, in which the eccle- 
fiafiical and military charafters were to be blended. 
This defign he began to carry into execution in 1100, 
when numbers of perfons aflbeiated with him under tlie 
denomination of “ Hofpitalcrs of St. John of Jerui'alem,” 
who, befides the three vows of chaftity, poverty, and 
obedience, took a particular vow to devote themfelves 
to the relief of all Clirifiians in diftrefs. This order, 
and the rules drawn up for its government, were ap¬ 
proved and confirmed by pope Pafchal II. who, by a 
bull which he ifi’ued, granted it confiderable privileges, 
and recognifed Gerard as the firft grand-mafier. Gerard 
died in 1120. Thus commenced that order, which, in 
fucceeding times, berarhe lb celebrated in hiltory, when 
its members were commonly known by. the name of 
“ Knights of Rliodes,” and aftenvards by that of 
“ Knights of Malta.” 
GER'ARD (John), a learned German lutheran di¬ 
vine, born at Qiiedlinburg in Saxony, in 1582. Fie 
filled the chair of theological profetfor at the univerfity 
of Jena for many years with difiinguilhed reputation, 
and died in 1637. He was the autlior of a great number 
of works, the principal of which were : i. Commentaries 
on Genelis, Deuteronomy, tlieEpifiles of St. Peter, and 
the Apocalypl'e. 2. The Catholic Confeliion. 3.' A 
Harmony of the Four Evangelifis, in three vols. folio, 
left by him in an unfinilhed fiate, and completed by 
MM. Chemnitz and Lylerus, who publilhed it in 1646. 
4. A Collettion of Common Places in Theology ; a work 
in which he has treated of the lives and writings of the 
authors of the primitive church, &c. 
GER'ARD (John), a learned German profeflor, bora 
at Jena, in 1621. He was educated in his native place, 
where he lyent threugh the ufual courfe of academic 
$ A fiudies. 
