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G E R 
ftudies, and then went to Altdorf, m 1640, foi‘ tliC fake 
ot receiving inllniftions in the oriental-languages. In 
h') 46, lie was appointed afliftant profell'or of philofophy at 
Wittemberg ; and in 1652, nominated profetfof of liiftory 
at Jena. In the following year he was created dodtor of 
divinity ; and in 1655, preferred to the redtorlhip of the 
univerlity of Jena. He died in 1668, when no more than 
forty-feven years of age. He was the author of, i. Har- 
mcnia Linqiiarum Oriaitalinm. 2. DiJ'putatwnnm T/ieologica- 
rrim Fafckulus. 3. Locorum Thcologicorum Epitome. 4. Dc 
Sepul/ura Mojis Tiijf. 5. CunfenJ'us (3 DiU'enJm religionum pro- 
Janarum. 6. Do Ecdejiie Coptics Ortu, Progreffu, & Doclrina ; 
and other works of great erudition and merit. 
GER'ARD (Alexander), a Scottilh divine and pro- 
fefl'or, born at Garioch, in the county of Aberdeen, in 
1728. After the ufual preparatory education, he entered 
a (tndent in Marifchal-college, Aberdeen, Here, after 
devoting four years to the ifudy of Greek, Latin, the 
mathematics, and philofophy, he was admitted to the 
degree of madcr of arts, and then Commenced his theo. 
logical ftudies, which he profecuted in the univerlities 
of Aberdeen and Edinburgh. In 1748, juft after he had 
completed his twentieth year, lie was licenfed to preach 
in the church of Scotland; and in 1750, w;>s cholen ai- 
ftftant to Mr. David Fordyce, profell'or of philofophy in 
the Marifchal college. In this capacity he difeharged 
the duties of profell'or during Mr. Fordyce’s abfence oh 
his continental tour; and upon the death of that gentle¬ 
man, in 1752, was appointed his fuccelfor. Mr.Gerard’s 
department was confined to moral philolophy and logic, 
the duties of which he difeharged with unwearied dili¬ 
gence, and with equal fuccefs and reputation. In 1759, 
he was ordained a minifter of the church of Scotland ; 
and in tlie following-year he was appointed profell'or of 
divinity in the Marifchal college, and minifter of the 
Greyfriars church, in Aberdeen. About the fame time 
he was created dodtor of divinity. He continued to dif- 
charge the duties of his profeH'orfliip, and to profecute 
his ftudies, until the year 1795, when he died on his 
birth-day, juft as he had completed his fixty-feventh 
year. Befides feveral fingle fermons preached on occa- 
lional fubjefts, he was the author of, 1. An Ellay on 
'I'afte, 1759, 8vo. to which the philofophical focicty ot 
Edinburgh adjudged, in 1756, the prize of a gold medal, 
t'ft'ercd for the beft piece on that fubjeift, and which ap¬ 
peared in a confiderably enlarged form in 1780. 2. Dif- 
fertations on the Genius and Evidences of Chriftianity, 
2766, 8vo. 3. An Elfay on Genius, J774, 8vo. and 
two volumes of excellent Sermons, publiflied in 1780 
and 1782, 8vo. In 1799, the author’s fon and fuccelfor 
in the divinity profeftbrlhip, Dr. Gilbert Gerard, piib- 
iilhed from his father’s manuferipts a p'art of his theolo¬ 
gical coiirfe under the title of The Paftoral Care, See. 
8vo. which is a work of very coiifiderable merit in that 
clafs of contpolitions. 
GER'ARD (John), a celebrated Englifh botanift, 
born in 1545, at Namptwich in Chefhire. He was edu¬ 
cated as a lurgeon, and appears to have fpent fome time 
in foreign travel. At length he fettled in London, where 
he was patronifed by lord Burleigh, whofe large and 
curious garden he fuperintended for twenty years. He 
had alio, at his refidence in'Holborn, a phyfic-garden of 
his own, which was probably more richly fupplied than 
any other in England, tie feems to have enjoyed the 
favour of the college of phyficians, and islpokenof with 
great conmoendation by Icme ot his contemporaries. He 
arrived at the rank of malter of his company, and died 
about 1607. Gerard’s firft publication was a catalogue 
of the plants in his own garden, entitled Catalogus Arbo~ 
ruoi, Fruticum & Plantarum, tarn indigenarum quam exotica- 
rm, in horlo Jok. Gerardi, civis & chirurgi Londin. nafccti- 
Uum, 4to. 1596 and 1599- I he number of-lpecies con¬ 
tained in it is 1033, and an atteftation ot its lidelity is 
fubjoiued by the botanift Lobel. His great work, enti- 
G E R 
tied Herbal, or General Hiftory of Plants, folio, was 
publilhed in 1597. Its foundation was a tranftation into 
Ffnglilh of the herbal of Dodoens, made, according to 
Lobel, by Dr. Prieft, which after his death came into 
the hands of Gerard, who was not enough flcilled in 
Latin to have undertaken it himfelf. Its diftribution, 
however, is altered, and many new plants are added 
trom Lobel and Clulius. The figures were procured 
trom Frankfort, being from the blocks ufed in the Dutch 
Herbal of Tabernaemontanus. Though, from this ac¬ 
count, Gerard’s ftiare in the work appears to' have been 
inconliderable, yet he has the merit of having contri¬ 
buted to dift’ufe a more general tafte for botany through¬ 
out the kingdom, and to have furnillied herbalifts with 
an ufeful book ot plants. The greatly-improved edition 
by d'homas Johnlbn, in 1633, long continued to be a 
ftandard work, and is Itill valued. 
GFIRAR'DIA, /i [fo named by Plumier in honour 
of John Gerard, our old Englilh bottmift.J In botany, a 
genus ot the chit's didynamia, order angiofperma, natu¬ 
ral orderot perfonatae, (Icrophulari.x, ) 'I'he gene¬ 
ric characters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, five- 
clett, upright, lharp, permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, 
ringent; tube round, longer than the calyx : upper lip 
tipright, blunt, flat, broader, emarginate ; lower lip re¬ 
flex, three-parted; divitions lateral, emarginate; mid¬ 
dle Ihorter, tw'o-parted. Stamina: filaments four, fcarce- 
ly the length of the tube, two a little fhorter; antherae 
fniall. Piftillum; germ ovate, fmall; ftyle fimple, ftiort; 
lligma blunt. Pericarpium : capfiile ovate, two-celled, 
two-valved, gaping at the bale ; partition contrary. 
Seeds: ovate, folitary.— EJJential CharaElcr. Calyx five- 
cleft ; corolla two-lipped, lower lip three-parted, the 
lobes emarginate, the middle legment two-parted 5 cap- 
liile two-celled, gaping. 
Species. I. Gerardia tuberofa, or tuberous Gerardia; 
leaves I'ubovate, tomentofe, repand, the length of the 
ftalk. It may be doubted wdiether it be not of another 
genus. Linnaeus recommends a farther examination of 
the frudfilication. Native of South America. 
2. Gerardia Japonica, or Japonefe Gerardia: leaves 
ovate, gafli-pinnatifid, petioled ; ftalk Ample. Differs 
frorh G. pedicularia. No. 8, in having a limple ftalk, pe¬ 
duncle fliorter than the leaf, and gafh-pinnatifid leaves, 
with ferrate pinnas. Native of Japan. 
3. Gerardia delphinifolia, or larkfpur-leaved Gerar¬ 
dia : leaves linear, pinnatifid ; ftalk fomewhat branched. 
Stem a foot high, obtufely four-cornered, upright, even, 
with a few alternate branches. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
4. Gerardia fcabra, or rough Gerardia: hifpid, fca- 
brous; leaves oblong, pimuitifid. Found at the Cape of 
Good Hope by Thunberg. 
5. Gerardia purpurea, or purple Gerardia: leaves 
linear. Root annual; ftalks a foot high, filiform, either 
very fimple, or brachiate, fmooth. Native of North 
America. It is the only t'pecies of this genus yet cul¬ 
tivated among us, and was introduced in 1772 by Dr. 
Samuel Martin; it flowers in July and Auguft. 
6. Gerardia tubulol'a, or long-tubed Gerardia: fmooth; 
leaves linear, entire, lharp; tube of the flower longer 
than the calyx. Found at the Cape of Good Hope by 
Thunberg. 
7. Gerardia flava, or yellow Gerardia: leaves lanceo¬ 
late, pinnate-toothed; ftalk extremely fimple ; a foot 
high, or more. Native of North America. 
8. Gerai dia pedicularia : leaves oblong, doubly-fer¬ 
rate; ftalk panicled ; calyxes crenate. It dries black,^ 
like a pedicularis, and is allied to F. triftis. Native of 
North America. 
9. Gerardia glutinofa, or clammy Gerardia: leaves 
ovate, ferrate; braiffes linear, hifpid. Native of China. 
10. Gerardia Nigrina : fcabrous ; leaves lanceolate, 
ferrate at the bottom; ftalk four-cornered. This was 
formerly made a diltinct genus by Limucus, under the 
^ ^ name 
