GERM 
fova it may be cotifidered as an Auflrian river for about 
_550 miles ; thence it is Turkifli tor 480 to tlie Euxine. 
The Necker is a tributary tlreain of the Rhine, rifing 
in the Black Foreft, not far from the Danube, and run¬ 
ning a picfureique courfe of about 150 Britifli miles, 
tlirough a country enru hed with vineyards. Anotlter 
and grander tributary dream of tlie Rhine fprings from 
the lake of Fichtel See,.on the mountain of Fichtelberg, 
edeemed among the mod elevated parts of Germany, 
as it gives fource to four rivers running in various di- 
redtions, the Maine to the wed, the Eger to the ead, 
the Sala to tlie nortli, and the Nab to the fouth. This 
fource is called the White Maine ; while another fource, 
the Red Maine, fo called from the red clay through 
which it flows, rifes near l-Jternleinfretith, in the princi¬ 
pality of Bareuth. The Maine, after receiving the 
Rednitz and other condderable dreams, joins the Rhine 
to the fouth of Mentz. The Maine is a muddy dream, 
but abounds witli trout, carp, and other fifli. After 
pervading the rich biflioprics of Bamberg and Wurtz- 
burg, and fome territories of the fee of Mentz, it walhes 
the walls of Frankfort. 
To the north of the Maine, Germany prefents but 
few lakes ; the larged being in the duchy of Mecklen¬ 
burg, where tlie lake of Plan extends under various 
names about twenty-five Britifli miles in length, by fix 
in breadth : that of Schwerin is about eighteen miles 
in length, while that of Ratzburg is only fifteen. I'here 
is alfo one in the county of Diepholtz, and another in 
the county of Mansfeldt, in Upper Saxony. In the 
more fouthern and Alpine regions the Boden See, or 
lake of Conflance, is the mod diltinguiflied expanfe of 
water in that didridt. Next istheChiem See, in Upper 
Bavaria, about fourteen Britiih miles in lengtli by five 
in breadth, fometimes dyled the fea of Bavaria. That 
circle, like mod mountainous countries, alfo contains 
many otlier lakes of fmaller note. 
of the mountains of Germany, the mod northern are 
thole of the i-iartz, called tlie Brocken or Blocklberg. 
Thefe rife in the form of an amphitheatre, the liighed 
being what is called the Great Blocklberg; which, 
(while the others are covered with pines and birch, 
thus uniting the primeval confufion of fored and moun¬ 
tain,) only prefents white dinted brulhwood : and the 
fnow fometimes I'emains till midfummer, and even longer 
in tlie northern cavities. On the lumiuit is a fmall ho¬ 
vel, a retreat for thofe v.'ho afeend. The river life riles 
from the bottom ; and other dreams fpring from the 
hills to tlie north-wed and to the ead. The height of 
tlie Great Brocken is by the barometer 3021 feet; and 
the Little Brocken 2713. 
In Wedphalia there are fome lofty hills near Min- 
den ; and in the duchy of the fame name, bordering on 
Ileflia, are the mountains of Winterberg, Adenberg, 
Schlofsberg, and others. The Defli..n territories may 
be regarded as generally mountainous, elpecially to¬ 
wards the north. 7 'he range of Meifner contains a 
coal mine, under which is a bed of petrified wood. To 
the north of Caifel are many high mountains, as the 
Staull'enberg, the fummit of which is called Bartelf- 
popf; and the Gameberg towards Munuen. In the 
Ilellian territories are alfo the bergs of Doern, Behren, 
Sclirecklen, Guden, Valken, all m the didribl of Zie- 
reinberg, with many in the loutii-ead of Fellberg ; not 
to mention the hilly fored of tiabichifwald. Ihence 
fouth-wed towards the Rhine are feveral confiderable 
hills, among which may be mentioned thofe in the wed 
^ of Wetterau, and the feven hills near the Rhine, almod 
oppolite to Andeninch ; with the ridge of Heyrich, 
which protedts the vines of Rhinegau. To the ead of 
Franklort on the Maine are the hilly lorcds of Spelfart, 
with the metallic heights of Fulda and rienneberg ; 
and that river Ipringa from the remarkable mountaiifof 
F'ichtelberg, or the mountain of pines, near twemy-two 
geographical miles in length, and lixteeo in breadth, 
4 
ANY. 4C3 
diverfified with deferts, precipices, Iilgh rocks, and 
marflies. The fummits have various names, the Och- 
fenkopf being reputed the higl.ed. The lake called 
F'icht-el See is in a cavity of this mountain, called the 
See Loh ; btit is of little extent, being only remarkable 
as the fource of the White Maine. Other parts of this 
memorable mountain give rife to the Eger, which runs 
to the ead ; and the Sala and Nab flowing to the north 
and fouth. 
But the mod celebrated mountains in that part of 
Germany which lies to the north of the Maine, are the 
Erzgeberg, or Metallic Mountains, which rife to the 
north-ead of the Fichtelberg, running betw’een Bohe¬ 
mia and Saxony, but I’upplying both countries with 
filver, tin, and other metals. Tlie Erzgeberg are not 
of remarkable height, yet contain much granite, like 
thofe of the Hartz and Heflia ; with gneifs, in which 
mod of the Saxon and Bohemian mines are found. 
Granular limeitone alfo appears; and in Upper Lufa- 
tia an entire mountain is found of liliceous fchidus, 
W’hile Flinzberg conlids almod entirely of milk-white 
quartz. Milnia contains mountains of pitchdone ; and 
that drong primaeval fubdance called hornblende, w'hich 
approaches to the nature of iron, is found In immenfe 
drata. In Voigtland, near Averbach, appears the fa¬ 
mous topaz rock, confiding of pale topazes in hard li- 
tjiomarga. Micaceous fchidus and flate alfo form por¬ 
tions of the Saxon mountains, with large mafies of trap 
and bafalt, often imbedded in the gneifs, which likewife 
contains drata of ferpentine. Hornblende, flate, and 
landdone, both calcareous and filiceous, alfo contribute 
their fliare to this noted chain. Thofe of Heflia prefent' 
nearly the fame kinds of primary and fecondary fub- 
dances; and a fummit of the Meifner, as already men- 
tio.ned, confids of bafalt reding on coal. In theRartz, 
granite alfo abounds; with porphyry, flate, and other 
primitive fubflances. 
Among tlie German mountains to the fouth of the 
Maine, may fird be named the Bergdrals, a ridge palling 
from near Manheim to the vicinity of Frankfort, and 
accompanied by a liigh-vvay commanding prolpetls of 
prodigious extent. On the ead are the high hills of 
Odenwaid. Further to the foutli are the nrountains of 
Wirtemberg, rifing both on the ead and wed of that 
new kingdom. On the weft the mduntain.vform a con¬ 
tinuation of thofe of the Black F'ored, which hence 
proceeds fouth to the Rhine, being the Mount Abnoba 
of Tacitus, whence he jullly derives the fource of the 
Danube ; and the Helvetian fored of Ptolemy. The 
niountainsof the Black Fored, in German Schwarzwald, 
extend from near Neuenburg, in the territories of Wir- 
temburg, louth to the four fored towns on the Rhine. 
The fouthern part is called the High, and the northern 
the Lower, fored: tlie lengtli being about eighty Bri¬ 
tifli miles. To the ead the Necker may be conlidered 
as a boundary ; and the breadth may be computed at 
about twenty Britifli miles. 'I he cadernptu t, as ufual, 
prelcnts a gradual elevation ; while the W'edern Ihow s 
precipitous fumiiiifs to the inhabitants of Baden and 
Allace. Its appellation I'eenis to arile from the chick 
dark foreds with which the alcents are clothed. Be- 
fidcs paffcurage, the inhabitants of the Black Foreft de¬ 
rive advantage from tJie rofin of tlie pines, and the tim¬ 
ber, of which tliey make all kinds of uteufils. Some 
parts are cultivated by fpreading brandies ct pine, co¬ 
vered With fod, which being burnt, an excellent manure 
prepares the ground for tour abundant harvefts. A 
branch of the Black Mountains fpreads ead from near 
Sulz on the Necker towards the epunty of Gitingen, 
being more than fixty miles in lengtli. 'F'his chain is 
called the Alb, and fometimes the Swabia^i Alps. 
Bufehing traces this ridge from the north-ea!l extre¬ 
mity, the fource of the Brenz, to the wed of the Nere- 
flieim, by Wifeiiftoig, where the mountains’are higlieff. 
Thence they turn north-wed to Guttenberg, ancl’wed 
to 
