475 
GERMANY, 
tliirtieth year of liis age and tlie nineteenth of hisreign, 
A.D. 1002. He fixed upon Aix-la-Chapelle, in liis 
laft moments, as the place of liis fepulture. 
As Otho lil. left no ilfiie, three competitors imme¬ 
diately claimed the imperial dignity; Henry duke of 
Bavaria, Herman duke of Swabia, and Ekkard marquis 
of Saxony. The pretenfions of thefe noblemen feem to 
Jiave been nearly equal ; but, by means of his fuperior 
power, the duke of Bavaria triumphed over his rivals, 
and was folemnly elefted and confecrated, at Mentz, 
by t.be name of Henry II. It appears, however, that 
he did not obtain this fuccefs till Ekkard was removed 
by alfaflination. Henry had no fooner alfumed the im¬ 
perial enfigns, than he caufed his furvivmg competitor, 
Herman, to be declared an enemy to the empire ; and 
even employed the forces of Germany in ravaging his 
territories. Herman, on the other hand, refolved to 
fupport his pretenlions by force of arms, and boldly 
challenged the emperor to decide their claim by fmgle 
combat : but, wlien Henry intirrjated his acceptance of 
the challenge, Herman’s courage foifook, lijm ; and he 
was eventually compelled to bow before the fuperior 
fortitne of his enemy. 
In compliance with the earnefl: felicitations of his no¬ 
bles, Henry cf[)Oufed Cunegunda, daughter of the count 
of Luxembourg; and Faderborn was honoured with 
the celebration of the royal nuptials. He then made a 
tour through liis provinces, deciding vexatious caufes, 
re-eflablifliing the peace of the empire, a!ui promoting 
a Ipirit of harmony among th.e grandees; and on his 
arrival at Aix-la-Chapeile, he was crowned a lecond 
time, for the fatisfatfion of feveral of the nobles, who 
had objeffed to the informality of his hrll coronation. 
At the urgent requeft of the archbilhop of Milan, the 
emperor put himlelf at the head of his troops, and 
marched to Pavia, where he was folemnly crowned king 
of Lombardy; but the partifans of Ilardouin, who had 
recently alTumed the I'overeignty, inflamed the unthink¬ 
ing populace to fuch a degree, that the whole city was 
thrown into commotion, the llreets were fprinkled with 
the blood of Henry’s adherents, and the emperor him- 
felf was obliged to retire to the fortrefs of St. Peter. 
The tumult, however, gradually fublided ; and an apo¬ 
logy of the principal inhabitants was generoully ac¬ 
cepted. For feven years after this occurrence, Henry 
was fully employed in chafliling the infolence of the 
Poles, and appealing the frequent troubles of Lorrain. 
But his mind w'as fatigued by his perpetual exertions, 
and he ardently defired to abdicate the imperial throne, 
that he might devote the remainder of his life to reli¬ 
gious retirement. Thefe fentiments, however, were 
ftrongly combated by the princes of Germany ; and he 
was perfuaded to retain the government of a country 
■which now required extraordinary carq and attention. 
Upon the conclufion of peace with Boleflaus king of 
Poland, A.D. 1014, Henry led a frefli army acrofs the 
Alps, in order to chaltife the infolence of Hardouin, 
who liad realfumed the fupreme authority in Italy. He 
met and defeated his enemy on the frontiers of the Ve- 
ronefe ; and was foon afterward crowned by popeBene- 
di6f VIII. in the city of Rome. Having at length, 
A.D. 1024, appealed the troubles which had long 
dilirafted his dominions, Henry refolved to devote the 
remainder of his life to that repole wdiich feems to have 
been the conllant objetl of his heart; and in order to 
referve a good underftanding with his neighbours, he 
ad an interview with Robert king of France ; upon 
■which occafton the two princes conceived a particular 
friendihip for each other, and mutually concerted mea- 
fures for the reformation and aggrandifement of their 
fubjects. This conference feems to have been the laft 
remarkable tranfaction of Fienry’s life; for he died in 
the month of July following, after a profperous reign of 
twenty-two years. He was furnamed the Lame, from 
jiO impediment in walking; and he received the appel¬ 
lation of the Hungarian Apoflle, from his great munifi¬ 
cence to the church. In him the male race of the 
Saxon emperors became extiiRt. 
Violent difputes now arole refpeffing the nomination 
of a luccelTor to the empire. At length, however, the 
Germanic princes and dates affembled in the open fields, 
between Mentz and Worms ; and Conrad duke of 
Franconia, lurnamed the Salic, was unanimoully in- 
velied with the fupreme autliority. Conrad II. re¬ 
ceived this appellation from tlie circumflance of his 
having been born on the banks of the river Sala. Dur¬ 
ing tlic two firit years of his reign, Conrad was chiefly 
employed in regulating the police, and other alfairs of 
adminillration ; but in the third, A.D. 1027, he re¬ 
ceived intelligence tliat the Lombards had lliaken off 
their allegiance, and he was confequently obliged to 
march into Italy. The rebels, however, .were loon re¬ 
duced to obedience ; and the conqueror was I'olenmly 
crowned at Rome, by pope John XX. in prefence of 
Rodolph III. king of Burgundy, and Canute king of 
England. Soon after this event, Conrad’s fon Henry 
was declared his fuccelfor, and crowned at Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle ; and the dukes of Swabia, Worms, and Carinthia, 
who had endeavoured to excite a revolt, were, by a fo-- 
lemn decree, dripped of their dominions. I'lie feven 
fucceeding years were occupied by wars between the 
emperor, Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary ; but as thefe 
offer nothing worthy of particular notice liere, it is 
only necelT'ary to oblerve, that the impeiial arms were 
generally I'uccefsful; and that, on the demife of Ro¬ 
dolph, Conrad acquired the fovereignty of all Trans- 
jurane Burgundy. 
After challiling a revolt of the Milanefe, and re¬ 
ceiving the benediction of pope Benedict IX. Conrad II. 
died luddenly, at Utrecht, in the fifteenth )ear of his 
reign. He was univerfally revered as a juff and mag¬ 
nanimous prince ; and all thofe who diltinguilhed them- 
felves in his I'ervice had ample caufe to applaud liis 
munificence. Among many other inltances of his ge- 
nerofity, v> e arc told, that a gentleman who had loff. Ins 
leg in battle, received as many peices of gold as one 
ot bis boots would contain ; which the emperor re¬ 
marked might defray tlie expence of his cure. 
Henry III. furnamed the Black, afeended the impe¬ 
rial throne on his father’s deceafe, A.D. 1040; and he 
immediately led a numerous army againff Brztillaus 
duke ot Bohemia, who had refilled to pay the accuf- 
tomed tribute. '1 his expedition was crowned with I'uc- 
cefs ; and in a fubfequent one againff Hungary, Henry 
acquired great reputation, by wrefting tlie I'ceptre from 
an ufurper, and refforing it to liie lawful prince. 
Henry’s young fon v as now declared king of the Ro¬ 
mans, and heir to the empire. Somefrefh commotions, 
however, Called the emperor into Italy; and an unex¬ 
pected irruption of the Sclavonians took place in Saxo¬ 
ny ; which, with the public calamities of earthquakes, 
plague, and famine, overwhelmed his fpirits, and finally 
occafioned his death, in the thirty-ninth year of his 
age, and the lixteenth of his reign. He entered twice 
into the conjugal ffate ; and by his fecond emprefs, 
Agnes, daughter of William duke of Poitou, he had 
two fons and three daughters. It muff not be forgotten 
that Henry III. depofed three popes, who had let up 
againff: each other ; and he lupported a fourth againlt 
them : fmee which time the vacancy of the papal chair 
was always intimated to the emperor, and it became an 
effablilhed form for the emperor to lend a deputation to 
Rome, requeffing that a new pope may be eletted. 
Henry IV. furnamed the Great, was acknowledged 
emperor on the death of his father, A.D. 10^6. But 
as he was at this time only five years of age, he was 
placed under the tutelage of his mother Agnes, who 
acquitted herfelf of that truft with prudence and affec¬ 
tion. When Henry had attained the age of twenty-twOj 
he took the reins, of government into his own hands, 
A.D. 
