(GERMANY. 
Cordingly entered into a 'confederacy 'ivith the inhabi¬ 
tants of Padua, Vicenza, and Verona ; the citizens of 
Milan rebuilt their walls, and pillaged the calHe of 
Trea of immenfe treafures; and the imperial army was 
fo dreadfully afflicted by difeal'e, as to render a return 
into Germany indifpenfably necelTary. Meanwhile, 
Alexander continued to receive the homage of his nu¬ 
merous adherents; and all Italy was tired of a fchifm 
which had continued under thefe anti-popes. At length 
fortune feemed to defert the imperial arms ; and the lofs 
of a battle near Signano, together with a naval defeat 
by the Venetians in which his eldeft fon was taken pri- 
foner, induced the emperor’ to conclude a peace with 
his formidable enemy. Alexander readily embraced 
Jiis propofals; and an accommodation was fooii entered 
into with the revolted cities. 
During thefe tranlailions in Italy, Henry duke of 
Saxony, furnamed the Lion, railed frefa troubles in 
Germany, by opprelling his own fubjetts, and commit¬ 
ting many outrages againd his neighbours. Upon the 
emperor’s return, therefore, Henry vvas fummoned to a 
diet, in order to anfwer for his mifeondudt; and on his 
refufmg to appear, he was put to the ban of the empire, 
and dripped of all his dominions. After fonie time, 
however, lie excited the compafiion of the emperor, 
and prevailed on him to promife' that the territories of 
Brunfwic and Lunenburg Ihould be protected on behalf 
ot his children. Having obtained this alfurance, he re¬ 
tired to England, where he was liofpirably entertained 
by his father-in-law, Henry II. and vfliere his wife bore 
him a fourth ion, from whom the prefent illudrious 
houle ot Brunfwic is defeended. 
Alter this event, Frederic made a tour through the 
Italian cities, caufeci his fon Henry to be crowned king 
of Lombardy, and negociated a. match between that 
prince and Condance, lider of William king of Sicily. 
But no remarkable political occurrence claims pur at¬ 
tention till the year ii88, when the emperor engaged in 
a crufade againd the famous fultan Saladin, and marched 
at the head of a prodigious army into the dominions of 
the Greek emperor, whom lie chadifed for his perfidious 
conduft. Having eroded the Hellefpont, and refrefhed 
his troops for a few days at Laodicea, he fell upon the 
Turks, and defeated them in feveral engagements. He 
alfo pillaged the city of Iconium, led his victorious 
followers acrofs Mount Taurus, and tilled Ada Minor 
With the terror of his name: but whild the Chridians 
ol that country expected to derive the mod important 
advantag s from his adidance, he was unfortunately 
drowned in the river Cydnus, in the fixty-ninth year of 
Ids age, and thirty-eighth of his reign. His fon Fre¬ 
deric duke of Swabia, having performed the rites of 
lepulture to the emperor at Tyre, hadened to join the 
army of the eadern Chridians, who were engaged in the 
liege of Ptolemais ; but he foon fell a vidtim to an in- 
ledtioLis dilorder 5 and mod of his troops returned, with 
the duke of Guelderland and the landgrave of Thu¬ 
ringia, into Germany, in 1190. 
Henry VI. lurnamed the Severe, had been already 
eledted king of the Romans, and was acknowledged the 
lawful luccedbr of the empire : but the commencement 
of his reign was didurbed by iome frefli outrages of 
Plenry the Lion, who had relumed from England ; and 
feveral bloody engagements took place before the mal¬ 
contents were reduced to fubmiffion. At length, how¬ 
ever, an accommodation was negociated, and the empe¬ 
ror marched into Italy, in order to receive the imperial 
diadem from the hands of the pope, and to recover the 
iucceirion of William king of Sicily, who had died 
without legitimate iffue. On his' arrival at Rome, in 
1191, Henry and his emprefs Condance were folernnly 
crowned by pope Celedine III. 
Henry now refolved to make feme vigorous exertions 
againd Tancred count of Ledcio, who had been lately 
placed on the throne of Sicily; and his forces foon re* 
479 
dficed rhe towns of Campania, Apulia, and Calabria : 
but wltild he was engaged in the fubfequent blockade 
of Naples, a dreadful didemper broke out in tlie camp, 
and he was foon compelled to return to Germany. 
Having prevailed on the princes of the empire to enact 
a law for rendering the I'upreme dignity hereditary in 
his houfc, Henry applied himfelf very attentively to 
tlie adminidration of judice, fitting in perfon to hear 
and redrels the grievances of his fubjeets. One of his 
favourites obferving that he fatigued himfelf too much 
witli giving audience, whicli frequently interfered with 
Ids necelfary meals, Henry replied, that although a pri¬ 
vate man was at liberty to eat when he pleafed, a prince- 
ought not to di down to table till he had difculfed the 
affairs of his people. 
Soon after the termination of a quarrel between Henry 
the Lion and Rodolphus count of Hollfein, Richard I. 
king of England, returned from Paledine; and, being fhip- 
wrecked on the coad of the Adriatic, adumed the habit 
of a pilgrim, that he might fafety pal's through the ter¬ 
ritories of Leopold duke of Auitria, whom he had of¬ 
fended at the dege of Ptolemais. Leopold, how'ever, 
obtained intelligence of tins event, and caufed tlie un¬ 
fortunate FMonarch to be feized, and loaded with chains. 
After fome time, the emperor deniaiided that the royal 
prifoner Ihould be put into Jiis hands, and compelled 
him to appear before a diet at Plagiienau, where lie was 
formally accufed of maintaining an ufurper on the 
throne of Sicily, preventing the conqued of Jeriifalenl 
by Ills difagreement with the king of France, unlaw¬ 
fully invading the kingdom of Cyprus, infulting the 
duke of Aiidria during the fiege of Ptolemais, coufent- 
ing to the airallinatioii of the marquis of Montferrat, 
and finally concluding a truce with Saladin, contrary to 
the general intereds of Chridendom. 
The king of England replied, tliat, although he was. 
accountable to no perfon for his attions, yet, as his ho¬ 
nour was concerned, he would wave Ills i-oyal preroga¬ 
tive, and vindicate ills character from thefe afperfioiis. 
He affirmed that he had not made any attempts either 
for the elevation of Tancred, or the confirmation of 
his authority, but had merely treated with him as a 
prince in aitual poll’effion of the Sicilian crown ; that 
the ill luccels of the crufade in Paledine rclulted en¬ 
tirely from the jealoufy of the French monarch, who 
was the fird to retire from the feene of adtioii; that lie 
had, indeed, wreded the kingdom of Cyprus from a 
tyrannical ufurper, who had incurred his refentment, 
but had afterward ceded it in favour of Guy de Lufig- 
nan, to indemnify him for the loi's of Jeriifalem ; that 
tlie duke of Audria had effecfually revenged his fup- 
pofed inlult, by loading a fovereign prince with chains; 
that the marquis of Montferrat had acquitted him of. 
all lulpicion of being concerned in his murder, by re¬ 
queuing, with his luted breath, that the city of Tyre 
might be delivered into his hands ; and ladly, that the 
truce he concluded with Saladin could not be the eft'eft 
ot any intereded view, dnee of all the booty he had 
taken from the caravan of Babylon, he had relervea 
iiotliing to himfelf but the ring upon his finger. 
This explanation made a deep impreliion on tlie Ger¬ 
man princes, who not only admitted the defence, but 
pitied the misfortunes, of the invincible Richard ; and 
with one conlent folicited their emperor to let him at 
liberty. By the intrigues of the French monarcli, how¬ 
ever, Richard was detained for a confiderable time, and 
was at length compelled to purchafe his freedom upon 
the hard conditions of paying one hundred a'nd fifty 
thoufand marks of filver, liberating tlie .^cing of Cyprus 
and his daughter, and beftowing his niece Eleanor of 
Bretagne upon the eldeft fon of the duke of Auftna., 
However, Leopold died foon afterwards, coiifeffing liis 
injuflice toward the king of England; his fucceifor fent 
back the princefs Eleanor, who did not happen to cap¬ 
tivate his affedions; and the empei'or difpatched an 
anibairador 
