500 
GERMANY. 
Anjou, vefolved to haften a pacification, and tlie empe¬ 
ror was compelled to ratify a treaty whicli had already 
received the approbatioti of his allies. By tlic treaty of 
■Ryfwick, Louis XIV. agreed, that the fort of Keil, 
witli Philiplhurg, Friburg, and all his other conquelts 
beyond AH'ace, fhould be reftored to the empire; Lco- 
■nold ceded Strafburg', and all its territories on the left 
fide of the Rhine, to the crown of F'r.mce ; and tire duke 
of Neuburg was re-elhiblihied in the palatinate. 
During thefc negociations, tlie grand-fignior march.cd 
from Belgrade with an intention of belicging Peterwara- 
tlin, while his fleet of one hundred and fix velfels failed 
up the Danube, and palfed the have ; but on the ap- 
juoaeh of prince Eugene he changed his delign, and 
made airirruption into'i'ranfylvania. Eugene continued 
his march to watch the enemy's motions, and on their 
forming an encampment near Zenta he refolved to draw 
the^ni to an engtigenient. 'I'he Turks^ being defended by 
three intrenchments and feventy pieces of cannon, relified 
the attack of the imperialills with extraordinary vigour, 
and returned their fire with unthaken refblution for up- 
xvardi of twolionrs; but their intrenchments being at 
length forced, they were totally routed, v/ith the lols of 
tliirty thoul’and men. The fpoil taken from the infidels, 
on this occation, confided of fifteen thoufand tents, the 
military cheff, the archives of the fultan’s chancery, 
nine hundred waggons, fix thoufand camels laden w’ith 
pi ovifions, feven thoufand horfes, and fevency-two lieavy 
cannon. After this brilliant exploit, prince Eugene took 
the capital of Bofnia by fiirprife, dellroyed the fortrelfes 
of Doba.y, Magloy,- and Brantlack; and led his victo¬ 
rious army into winter quarters. 1 he enfuing campaign 
palled over without any atlion ; and a peace was, foon 
afterward, concluded between the emperor and the lul- 
tan at Carlowitz. 
Louis XJV. baving, in 1701, accomplifiied his defign 
of placing Philip of Anjou on the tlirone of Spain, 
ordered French garrifons into the Spanilh Netherlands 
and tiie duchy of Milan ; and at the fame time fent a 
fquadron of velfels to the Weft Indies. Leopold was 
liighly exafperated at the leizure of the Milanele, wlrich 
devolved to liim by tlie death of the king of Spaiii, and 
he rel'olved to alfert his right to that territory by force 
of arms. Accordingly he ordered a body of tw enty-nine 
thouland men to march into Italy, under the command 
of prince Eugene, and lecured the elector of Branden¬ 
burg to his, intereft, by conlenting to acknowledge him 
as Ling of PruOia. He alio endeavoured to negociate 
alliances with the other powers of Europe ; but the kings 
of Denmark, Sweden, and Poland, refilled to engage in 
a league aguinft France, and the SwH's and Venetians 
declared tjiat they would oblerve a ftrict neutrality. 
After fonie time, however, William king of FLigland 
concluded a treaty with tlie emperor, and the ftates of 
Holland ; by which it was agreed, that if, in the fpace 
of two months, I.ouis did not make fatisfaiftion, the 
parties concerned ftiuuld mutually allift cacli other with 
their whole ftrength. 
Meanwhile prince Fiugene, hearing that the marefchal 
Villeroy liad repaired to Milan, in order to be prefent 
at fome public diverfions, formed the defign of liirpriiing 
Cremona. Accordingly he ordered a body of eiglit 
thoufand men to be ready at a certain time to take pof- 
feliion of the bridge upon the Po, whilft he fent a fiiiall 
detachment through tlie ruins of an'old aquedmft, and 
by tliat means obtained adraillion into the city before 
.the garrifon had any appreiieniion of liis approacli. The 
fabicquent coiiHitt between the garrifon and imperialifts 
was extremely obftmate ; and Villeroy, wlio iiad juft 
returned from Milan, was taken prifoner. But, as the 
tiermaii troops wJio had been appointed to fiize the 
bridge arrived too late, Eiugene was compelled to re¬ 
treat witfTbrrlil poflibie expedition. Queen Anne at tliis 
time fucceeding to the throne ef Eingland, liipported the 
engagements of her iliulirious predeceil’or, and, on the 
fourtli of May', declared v/ar agaiiift France atid Spain, 
and the Dutch, wlio liad liitlierto contented tliemleivcs 
witli furnifliii.g fome auxiliaries, now became principals 
in the evar. 
Whilft the Frencli army was encamped at Cleves, ti e 
diike of Marlborough took upon him the command of 
the confederates, and endeavoured to bring the enemy 
to an engagement ; but tlie deputies of tlie States-gene- 
ral having reprefented to liim that it would be more for 
tlie advantage of Fiolland to recover fome towns in Spa- 
iiiili Gnelderhmd, lie detached feveral parties, w ho loon 
made tliemfelves mafters of Venloo, Steveniwert, Ma- 
feick, and Ruremoiid. Marechal Bouftlers, fearing that 
tlie allies had a delign upon Lcige, polled iiimlelt at 
Tongres, in order to fecure tliat place; I ut, in ipite of 
all ills exertions, the town was compelled to capitulate, 
and tlie citadei vsas foon aiterv/ard taken by aiiaulr. 
About tills time, the king of the Romans ertecfted the 
reduction of Landau, and left the imperial army ut 
Biftliw eiller, under the command of tlie prince of Baden, 
As the lioftiliiies between Leopold and Louis XIV. 
did not diredtly regard the empire, but only the luccel- 
iioii to the crown of Spain, feveral of the German princes 
had hitherto ilood neutral; but on the elector ot Bava¬ 
ria declaring publicly for France, the diet at Ratifooit 
refolved to el'poufe the caufe of their fovereign, and re- 
qiieftcd him to proceed againft the elector according to 
tlie conftitution of the empire. Meanwliile tlie French 
army took poflellion of Neuberg on the Rhine, and, af¬ 
ter an obftinate conflidt with the prince of Baden, made 
tliemfelves mailers of Tiiers and Traerbacii; w hile on 
the other fide, tlie prince of Hcli'e Cali'cl inarched from 
l.iege at tlie head of ten thoufand men, and retook Zincli, 
Brii'ac, and Andernacli. About the liuiie time, the duke 
of Savoy abandoned the interefts of France, and con¬ 
cluded a treaty of alliance with the emperor. 
Whilft the elector of Bavaria was employed in defend¬ 
ing his territories from the imperialifts, marefchal Villars 
had croli'ed tlie Rhine, and taken the fortrefs of Keil, 
together with feveral redoubts. Afterwards attacking 
tlie lines of tlie prince of Baden at Stolholfen, lie ivas 
repuli'ed with confiderable lofs, but lie contrived to join 
tlie eleeftor by the pall'es of tlie Black Foreit, and ob¬ 
tained a decilive victory over count Stirum, wliile ano- 
tlier army, commanded by the duke of Burgundy, laid 
liege to Brifac. Upon the Lower Rhine, and in F'ian- 
ders, the affairs of the confederates w'cre more iiiccefsful. 
Count-Lotiini, general of the Prullians, made liiinielf 
niafterof Rlienberg, and blocked itpGudders; the duke 
of Marlborough obliged Bonn to furrender after a vi¬ 
gorous liege; and the French were coiiipeiled to evacu. 
ate Maeftricht, after having blown lui Uie walls and 
toweV. A delperate engagement took jilace, about the 
fame time, between the forces of general Opdam and 
tliofe of tlie marefchal Bouftlers ; but as tlie lols was 
nearly equal on bolli lides, eacli party claimed the 
viitory. 
Shortly after the re-taking of Landaipby the French, 
in 1700., Leopold ceded his pretenfions to tlie Spanifti 
monarcliy in favour of the archduke Charles, who was 
received at the court of England with great magnifi¬ 
cence, and failed from thence to Portugal witli about 
nine thoufand men. Upon his arrival at Lilbon, lie pub- 
lifiied a nianifefto, promiiing a pardon to all who Ihould 
abandon the interefts of Anjou, wiiile Philip V. took 
ftill more vigorous meaiures, and reduced feveral towns 
on the frontiers of Portugal. At the iame time the 
prince of Darmftadt, liaving made an unl’uecefsful at¬ 
tempt on Barcelona, failed with the combined fleet to 
Gibraltar, which lie reduced, and liirrendered into tlie 
hands of tlie Eingiilii. 
While the duke of Vendome was rapidly extending his 
conquelts in Italy, frcih dillurbances broke out among 
tlie Hungarians ; and the malcontents, after ravaging 
the ducliy of Auitria, puihed their incuHions to the very 
gate’i 
