o 04 
GERMANY. 
the crown of France ; and it was generally expefled 
that the queen of England, tired owt witii the clamours 
of her allies, would enter zealoufiy into this meafure : 
but Eugene entertained fufpicions, and exprefled his 
impatience at the ihyderious conduft of the Britiih 
officers. When the confederates had pafTed the Scheld, 
and encamped oppofite to the enemy, Eugene propofed 
a junflion between the Engiilh and Aullrian forces ; 
but this propofal was rejected ; and, after fome time, 
the duke of Ormond produced his orders not to adt 
otfenfiveiy. Exafperated at this difcovefy, th.e Impe¬ 
rial and Dutch generals declared, tliey would profecute 
the war rvithout the queen’s concurrence ; and demon- 
flrate to her that England was of lefs confequence to 
the alliance than Ihe imagined. Having made this de¬ 
claration, they undertook the feige of Quefnoi, and 
pufiled on their attacks with fuch vigour, that the gar- 
rifon were compelled to furrender at diferetion ; while 
tile duke of Ormond withdrew his army, and took pof- 
felTion of Dunkirk. 
Elated by their fuccefs at Quefnoi, the allies refolved 
to attempt the redudtion of Landreci, which was ac¬ 
cordingly inverted by the prince of Anhalt Defl'au, with 
thirty-four battalions and thirty fquadrons; while prince 
Eugene, with the remainder of the army, covered the 
liege, and took every precaution to enfure fuccefs. 
Marefchal Villars, however, foon obliged them to 
abandon their enterprife ; and recovered all the con- 
que/ts which they had made in three fuccelTive cam¬ 
paigns. About the fame time, the emperor Charles 
was crpwned king of Hungary, without the formality 
of an eledlion, which he regarded as a mere ceremony; 
and with rel'pedf to Bohemia, he did not think even a 
coronation necelTary to the complete iiiveftiture of tiic 
iovereignty. 
Charles feems to have flattered himfelf that the 
French monarch, being advanced in years, and harafled 
by perpetual inquietudes, mufl; foon finifh his career, 
and that the fublequent minority would produce a re¬ 
volution favourable to the empire. The Dutch alfo 
feemed rather defirous of extending the flames of war, 
than of cherifliing the blellings of tranquillity; and the 
influence of prince Eugene feemed to throw infur- 
mountable obfiacles in the way of a general pacification. 
At this jurifture, however, the duke of Savoy began 
to cool in his attachment toward the houfe of Auftria. 
Tired with a W'ar which only contributed to his ruin 
and the opphfition to his own daughter’s elevation, he 
refolved to commit his affairs into the hands of the 
queen ot England, who immediately undertook to me- 
■diate his peace with Louis, and alfo to procure for him 
the crown of Sicily, and the reverfion of the Spanifli 
■monarchy in default of male iffue of the diredb line. 
A treaty having been concluded to this etfedt:, and the 
courts of Savoy and Portugal having acceded to the 
treaty of Utrecht, the queen drew off all her forces 
from Portugal and Catalonia; and, after mature deli¬ 
beration, the States General alfo refolved on a peace 
with France. 
The negociations at Utrecht now affumed a more pro- 
mlfing afpeft, and the clouds which had been railed by 
jealoufy or refentment were moffly diflipated. The con- 
grefs was opened by a number of minifters, equally 
tamed for ability and elocution. All pradfifed the ut- 
mofi; refinements of policy ; each enforced his mailer’s 
rights vrith energetic zeal; and their perfeverance at 
length triumphed -over all difficulties. Accordingly, 
after fome violent altercations, it was agreed that the 
imperialiffs lhould evacuate Catalonia, and a neutrality 
take place in Italy ; that an armiflice fhould be piib- 
lifhed in Catalonia, and that, on the day of its publica¬ 
tion, the irnperialilts fhould furrender Barcelona or Tar¬ 
ragona ; that all prifoners on either fide fliould be re¬ 
leafed ; that an amnefiy fhould be publiflied in Spain; 
and that the utmofi: influence of her Britannic majefly, 
and the king of France, fliould be exerted to peffuade 
Philip V. to leave the Catalans m full pofTeflion of their 
liberties. 
The fubfequent propofitions refpedling the cefTion of 
cpnquelts were peremptorily refufed by count Zinzen- 
dorf; and his conduib was approved at the court of 
Vienna, wdiere the peace v.-as violently contefled ; and 
her Britannic majefly was libelled in a mofl fcandalous 
manner, for having witlidrawn herfelf from the grand 
alliance. Sums of money were new borrowed for the 
profecution of the war, and prince Eugene was again 
employed to check the arms of France ; but thefe ex¬ 
ertions proved totally unavailing; and the reduftion of 
Keiferlauter, Linenga, Vqjflein, and Friburg, convinced 
the emperor of his own inferiority, and the impoffibility 
of profecuting a claim againfl two powerful monarchies, 
in which he mufl rely entirely upon the abilities of his 
generals, unfupported by men or money. Eugene was, 
tlierefore, in 1713, permitted to open a negociation with 
M. Villars, at the caflle of Rafladt; and, after a few 
days, a definitive treaty was concluded, by which it 
was agreed tliat Philipfburg and Friburg fliould be re- 
llored to the emperor ; that all the French conquefls 
on tills fide the river Queifeh fliould be confirmed to his 
mofl Cliriflian majefly ; and that the proferibed eleblors 
fliould be reinflated in all their former dignities and 
polleflions. Such was the termination of a fanguinary 
war w'hich had continued almofl during three reigns, 
and involved all the powers of Europe in bloodfhed and 
flaughter. 
From the TREATY of RASTADT, to the 
PEACE of PRESBURG, in 1805. 
Soon alter the conclufion of the treaty of Rafladt, 
Charles was alarmed by the lioflile proceedings of the 
Turks; but thefe were completely repulfed by the 
fword of Eugene ; and two decifive vi6lories obtained 
by that hero at Peterwaradin and Belgrade, in 1714, 
obliged the infidels to accede to a pacification. From 
this time the emperor was anxioully employed in form¬ 
ing projedls for the prefervation of his hereditary do¬ 
minions in Italy ; and the acceffion of the houfe of 
Hanover to the throne of England, gave him a very 
decifive importance in the affairs of Europe. His know, 
ledge ol this advantage rendered him.affLiming, and his 
haughty condudl occafioned a breach between him and 
George I. which threatened very ferious confequences; 
but as the aggrandifemeiit of Hanover was a favourite 
objedl with the Britifli court, and Charles was equally 
defirous of effablifhing the pragmatic fanftion in favour 
of his daughter, mutual conceliions were made during 
the reign of George II. and the elefilor of Saxony was 
perfuaded to relinquiffi his claims, upon the Auftriau 
lucceffion. 
Some time after this accommodation, Charles entered 
into a freffi war with the Turks, under the expe< 5 lation 
of indemnifying himfelf for fome great facrifices which 
lie had been compelled to make to the princes of Bour¬ 
bon. But on this occafion his hopes were entirely 
groundlefs. Prince Eugene, who had formerly infufed 
vigour and emulation into the imperial troops, was now 
dead ; and the war was carried on with very ill fuccefs, 
till, at length, cardinal Fleury undertook to mediate a 
peace, and obtained better terms for Germany than flie 
had any reafoii to expeft. Having ratified this treaty, 
and given his eldeft daughter in marriage to the duke 
of Lorraine, Charles paid the debt of nature in the 
tweaty-nintli year of his reign, A.D. 1740. 
The imperial throne, after having been long vacant, 
was filled, in 1742, by the eledlor of Bavaria, who af¬ 
fumed the title of Charles VII. while the French took 
pofielfion of the capital of Bohemia ; and the queen of 
Hungasy was compelled, to make a formal renunciation 
of 
