G E R ]M A N Y. 
wore alfo feized witli di/lempers, owing to tlic new wheat 
on wliicli they Iiud been fed ; while the extreme badnefs 
of the weather increafed tliefe calamities, and rendered 
tlic roads almoft impalFable. 
In the mean time, Ciihine took polleflion of Spires, 
wliere he found abundance of arms and animtinition ; 
Worms, Mayence, and Frankfort, were, foon alter, com¬ 
pelled to furrender; and the victorious general trppeared 
eager to proceed to Coblenfz, the noted feat ol counter- 
rcvolutionifts : btit the Atiftrians and Pruliians for a time 
flopped his career, by garrifoning tliat town, and form¬ 
ing an encampment in the adjacent country. On the 
4th of November, general Dumouricz entered tlie Auf- 
trian Nethei lands, with an army of forty thoufand meti, 
and a prodigious train of artillery. Next morning _he 
reconnoitred the pofition of the Auflrian army, wlirch 
confided of about twenty thoufand men, under the com¬ 
mand of the duke of Saxe-Tefehen. Their right wing- 
extended to the villageof jemappe, and their left tow ards 
mount Palifel; and they tvere defended by three tiers 
of redoubts, furniflted with a hundred pieces of cannon. 
Several fkirmiflies took place before they came to a ge¬ 
neral engagement; but at length a battle was fought at 
Jemappe, which decided the fate of the Netherlands. 
The alfault was dreadful, and the obdinacy of the con- 
flift truly memorable. All the Hanks and lines of the 
imperialids were attacked at once; all the divilions of 
the French were in adtion, and almod every individual 
fought perfonally. See- the article France, vol. vii. 
p. 7 ^ 3 - 
Meanwhile the operations in Wed Flanders were car¬ 
ried on with equal fpirit and ededl. General Labour- 
donnaye, having forced the Andrians from fevcral im¬ 
portant pods, and opened the navigation of'the river 
Lys, marched to take polfellion of Tournat', which had 
been recently evacuated; Menin and Ypres were foon 
added to his conqueds; and on the 12th of November 
he took poffeflion of Ghent. I'lie Atidrians under La 
Tour retired to Antwerp ; but part of their baggage, 
which had been embarked on the Scheldt, fell into the 
hands of the French. During thefe tranfaftions, Du. 
mouriez appeared 'before Bruffels, and his advanced 
guard made a fuccefsful attack on the prince of Wirtem- 
btirg, who, with an army of eight thoufand men, occu¬ 
pied the heights of Anderlicht. On the following day, 
the gates of Brufl'els were opened to the French com¬ 
mander. Charleroi, Antwerp, Mechlin, Louvain, Of- 
tend, Namur, and all the Andrian Netherlands except 
Luxembourg, fuccelTivcly followed the example of the 
capital; while the mod ntimerous and bell appointed 
■armies of Europe were retreating in every direction from 
the enthufiadic forces of the victorious republic.' 
Early in the enfuing fpring' of 1793, general Mir;inda 
inveded Macdriclit with an army of twenty thoufand 
men, and fuihtnoned the town to furrender, in a procla¬ 
mation replete with fanguinary menace. But the prince 
of Saxe-Cobourg, having defeated the republicans at 
Aix la-Chapelle, obliged him to raife the fiege. About 
the fame time, prince Frederic of Brunfwic took feme 
batteries at Zwaone, killed thirteen hundred of the 
French at Bruges, and took feven hundred prifoners. 
Alarmed at thefe defeats, Dumouriez returned into the 
Netherlands on the 15th of March, and 'compelled the 
Audrian advanced pods to retire from Tirlemont. On 
the i8th, a general engagement took place at Neerwin- 
den, the French army being covered on the right by 
Landen, and on the left by Dermael. This adtion con¬ 
tinued with equal obdinacy on both fides from feven 
o’clock in the morning till five in the afternoon, wlien 
the French were defeated with tlie lofs of four thoufand 
men and feveral pieces of cannon. The latter end of 
June was only liiltinguillied by fome petty fitirmilhes be¬ 
tween the two grand armies; but in the enfuing month, 
the Andrians gained fome advaittages of greater im- 
poi-tance. 'I'he garrifon of Conde, after ilidainiiig-a 
Vol. Vm. No. 521. 
509 
blockade of three months, tvas obliged to capitulate to 
the prince ot Wirtemberg; and Valenciennes ftirrendered 
to his royal highnefs the duke of York, who took pof- 
fedion of it in tlie name of the emperor. About tltc 
fame time Mentz was reduced, after a mod tedious liege, 
by the king of Prudia. 
Tlie campaign of 1794, proved extremely unfortunate 
to the contederates. In Flanders, general Jourdan gained 
the battle of Fleurus;' Charleroi, Bruges, Ypres, and 
Cdurtray, furrendered to the Frencli ; Odend was eva¬ 
cuated ; tile defeat of general Clairfait near Mo.ns obliged 
that town to capitulate; and the prince of Cobourg was 
compelled to abandon the whole of the Netherlands; 
while Brud'els, Antwerp, Landrecy, Quefnoi, Valen¬ 
ciennes, and Conde, tvere luccedively retaken; and th.e 
viblorious republrcuns, purftiing their fuccefs, took Aix- 
la-Chapelle, defeated Clairfait in the vicinity of Juliers, 
and made themfelves maders of Bonn, Cologne, Mae- 
dricht, and Nimeguen. It mud, however, be acknovv- 
ledged, tliat fome of thefe viblories were dearly pur- 
chafed ; and it is but judice to affert, that the allies gave 
many brilliant proofs, even in this unlucky campaign, 
ot their extraordinary valour, fkill, and refolution. I'he 
duke of York, lord Moira, the hereditary prince of 
Orange, and many other illudrious commanders of tlie 
allies, didinguidied themfelves in a very particular 
manner; but the prodigious numbers and unparalleled 
entluidafm of the French troops were altogether irre- 
fidible; the coalefced armies were likew ife unfortunate¬ 
ly reduced by hardfltips and difeafe ; and, in mod cafes, 
tlie eafy redudtion of towns and fortred'es refulted from 
the treachery'of the inhabitants. 
Elated, in 1795, by the fecedion of Pruffia and Spain 
from the grand alliance, and tlie inablivity of the Ger¬ 
man princes, the republicans avowed their intention of 
completing tlie humiliation of their enemies. They 
opened the campaign with the fiege of,L.uxemburg, and 
the reduftion of tJiat important place ferved to eiiHams 
their enthufiafm; but after obtaining fome I'mall advan¬ 
tages over the Audrian armies, ihey were doomed to 
experience an unexpected reverfe of fortune. Their, 
projects on the riglit bank of the Rhine were totally 
trudrated ; Jourdan was compelled to raife the fiege of 
Mentz, and to retire with precipitation to Duffeldorf; 
IVIanheim was retaken after an obdinate refidaiice; and 
tlie viCtorio.us Clairfait, having eft’eCted a junC'tion witli 
Wurmfer, recovered tJie palatinate, and molt of the 
countries between the Rhine and the Mofelle. Tliele 
fiiccelfes induced tlie Andrians to penetrate as far as 
Luxemburg, and a large divifioii of their troops was 
immediately provided with all the requifites for fuch an 
attempt; but tlie defperate refidaiice of the Frencli re¬ 
tarded tile execution of this project, and, after a prodi¬ 
gious effuficn of blood, the feverity of the winter com¬ 
pelled both parties to fufpend hodilities. 
The ill fuccefs of the lad campaign was wholly attri¬ 
buted, by the Frencli directory, to the unfkilful manage¬ 
ment of tlieir generals. But as the A'adrlans were pre¬ 
pared to pafs tlie Rhine in great force, and the attacli- 
ment of the Belgians began to waver, it -v\’as refolved to 
divert the emperor’s attention from the Netherlands, to 
his Italian dominions, whence he drew dill greater fup- 
plies. This undertaking was certainly arduous, and 
many obdacles prefeuted themfelves which appeared al¬ 
mod infuperable; but thefe were counterbalanced by 
the enthufiadic ardour of thofe French troops wlio Were 
impatient to indemnify themfelves for the hardfhips they 
had fudained upon arocky and deril coad, to which they 
had long been confined by want of reinforcements. 
Upon iliefe confideratioiis the French republic deter¬ 
mined, in 3796, to attempt the reduction of Italy; and 
the rapid victories of their troops under general Bona¬ 
parte in tliat campaign, exceeded tlieir mod fanguine 
expeclatioiis. The battles of Millefimo, Dego, and 
Mondov); compdled his Sardinian inajedy to accept of 
6 O peaccj 
