G E R M A N Y. 
But to return to the progrcfs of the war;—After 
victory had enabled the Aufliians to aft ofr'cnfively in 
Germany and Italy, tliey found themfelves obliged to 
regulate every operation in Inch a manner as to direfl 
tlie whole to the attainment of one common objefl. 
A plan was concerted between generals Hotze and 
Bellegarde, for an attack on the territories of the Gri- 
lons ; and, after fome vigorous repulfes, t!',cy etfefted 
tlieir dellgn of ex[)elling the French troops from that 
country. ATaOena, foon afterward, evacuated the ealf- 
ern part of Italy; and the imperialills, having gained 
poli'ellion ot St. Gothard, Were enabled to complete 
the communication between their two grand armies, 
fl lieir operations now became better combined, and 
their ablivity^acqaired a more decided fuperiority than 
at any pH'cr period of the campaign. They kept the 
French in awe on the TJayne, the Nccker, and the 
Kintzing ; feized all the paHages between Swilferland 
tyid Italy ; belieged the citadel of Turin; and block¬ 
aded, at tile fame time, the fortreiies of Tortona, Man¬ 
tua, and Alexandria. 
lie month ot July, 1799, and tlie beginning of Au- 
guft, piilfed over without any’ important enterprife ; 
but during that time great preparations were made and 
meafures taken tor tiiture operations. The French, 
having preffed the levy of their conferipts, formed two 
new armies ; one ot which was deftined to afl on the 
K.hine, and invade Franconia ; while the other was to 
cover France on the fide of Dauphiny, to act offenlively 
in Piedmont, and to co-operate with the army which 
occupied the Genoefe. After thefe fupplies to the 
army ot the French, the Auftrian forces were now no 
longer adequate to retain their firfl acquifitions, or to 
purfue tlie career ot dawning conqueft. Rccoiirfe was 
therefore liad to jtlie courts of London and Peterfburgh ; 
and the emperor, in an aulic decree, called on the dates 
ot the empire to pay the Roman months, and to furnith 
the quintuple contingents, agreeably to the lad conclii- 
lions ot the diet of Ratifbon. At the fame time, the 
elefior ot Bavaria and the duke of Wirtemberg were 
perluaded to enter into the coalition, and to raife a con- 
tiderable body of troops, on condition of their being 
fubfidized by Great Britain. 
On the 14th of Augud, general Madena refolved to 
make an attack on the whole Andrian line ; and his pro¬ 
ject was attended with Inch fiicccfs, that tlie imperialids 
were ioon driven from the cantons of Schwitz and Uri ; 
and the archduke Charles was obliged to quit Swilfer- 
land, in order to provide for tlie fafety of that part of 
his army whicli was dationed on the right bank of the 
Rhine. Upon the departure of prince Charles, the 
allies propoled to recover the fnial! cantons, and to turn 
the polition fo long held by Malfena on the Albis, and 
on the lakes of Zug and Lucerne. But Malfena gaining 
intelligence ot this projett, refolved to commence liof- 
tilitics before it could be reduced to execution. Ac¬ 
cordingly he ordered fome bridges to be thrown acrof’s 
the Limmat, and gained fuch advantages as enabled 
him to invefi the town ot Zurich. A terrible engage¬ 
ment enfued between the French and the Ruffian regi¬ 
ments, the latter of whom had replaced the Andrians 
in front of Zurich ; but vidfory declared on behalf of 
the republicans, and the Ruflian general Korfakow was 
compelled to retire to Figlifau, in order to pafs the 
Rhine. Mardial Suwarrow was no fooner appriled of 
this misfortune, than he put hisdividon in motion, and, 
through a feries of fanguinaiy combats, proceeded to 
Glarus, where he expected to have been joined by fome 
Andrian regiments; but finding liimlelf difappointed, 
he was obliged to retreat to the country of the Grifons, 
after lofing about three tiioufaiid men. ile afterwards 
ed'efteda jundlion with tlie troops of general Korfakow : 
but previoudy to his undertaking any frefli enterprife, 
he received the unexpetted and unaccountable orders 
from his fovereign to reconduA his army into Rullia, 
Vol.VTILRo.j2i. 
513 
Towards the end of Oflober, the French and impe¬ 
rial armies were oppofed to each other on the banks of 
the Maine, the Enz, the Necker, and the Rhine. The 
grand objedt of the republicans was to cover the fiege 
of Philipdiurg, which they hoped to carry by the weight 
ot their fire : that of the Andrians was to raife it, and 
at all events to protedl the duchy of Wirtemberg, 
Great exertions were made, and great abilities exhi¬ 
bited, on both fides ; but the dilputed fortrefs was ul¬ 
timately relieved, and the French, after evacuating 
Manheini and Nickerrau, were compelled to repafs the 
Rhine. 
T he court of Vienna, recently fupplied with peett- 
niary afiidance from England, and the acceffion of Ba¬ 
varians, Wirtemburgers, and other German troops i.n 
Britifii pay, was not to be diverted from its refoluiions 
by Bonaparte’s ofi'ering to conclude a pacification on 
the general ground of the treaty of Campo-l'ormio. 
TTie imperial iiiiniders replied to the overtures of the 
fil'd conlul, that the emperor would not enter into any 
negociation but in conjundtion with his Britannic ma- 
jedy ; and notwithdaiiding the lethargic indid'erence of 
many of the Germanic dates, and the recent defedtion 
of the Rudians, the Andrians prepared to profecute the 
war with equal vigour and alacrity. 
Malfena, being appointed to take the command of tlic 
dilcomfited army of Championet, repaired with ail pof- 
fible expedition to Italy, wliere heili'ued proclamations 
for re-edablifiiing confidence among the troops and the 
inhabitants of the territory of Genoa, all of whom 
were in a date of infurredtion. He ed'edted his defign 
in this refpedt, by the united force of feverity and con¬ 
ciliation ; but the date of the army was truly deplor¬ 
able. The troops, which had been dated by th.e 
F'rench minidcr at fixty thoufand, were reduced to 
twenty-five thoufand, and of thefe one half were inca, 
pable of adtive duty ; the horror excited by the hof- 
pitais was fo great, that many of the wretched invalids 
chol'e rather to die in their own quarters, than to be 
carried to fuch an infedfious rnanfion; whole bodies of 
the foldiery went off without their commanders; and 
fevcral general officers withdrew themfelves without 
permidion. Whild Malfena was endeavouring, by ex¬ 
traordinary exertions, to remedy or to palliate thefe 
misfortunes, the Englilh deet under lord Keith ap¬ 
peared in the Gulf od' Genoa, for the blockade of which 
city it was drawn up in the regular forms ; while the 
Audrian army, under general Melas, approached by 
land, and extended its front along the whole line of the 
republican forces. 
Alelas, being well acquainted w'ith the pitiable con¬ 
dition of his enemy, had contented himfelf during the 
■winter with obferving his motions, by means of a limple 
cordon ; while he difpofed his own army throughout 
Piedmont, Lombardy, thq Venetian date, the Bolognefe, 
Ancona, and Tufeany. By thefe madcrly precautions, 
the French were fo completely deceived, that they ex¬ 
ulted in the idea of their own fuperiority, at the very 
moment when the numerous corps that were to compole 
the imperial army were on their march to the general 
rendezvous. Cities, towns, and villages, as by a fpon- 
taneous movement, fent forth companies, regiments, 
and battalions ; till in the courfe of a tew days general 
Melas was enabled to alfemble ten thoufand men before 
Bobbio, ten thoufand in front of Tortona, and thirty 
thoufand at Acqui and Alexandria ; leaving at the fame 
time in the plains of Piedmont the whole of his ca¬ 
valry, with twenty thoufand infantry, and a fine park of 
artillery. On the jth of April, the Andrians made a 
general attack on the French troops ; many of whom 
were driven back to Ruha, but thofe at Bergodi-Sornoni 
and on the heights of Cordibona firmly maintained 
their ground. The fecond day of the fiege was more 
terrible. An attack on the right of the French line 
was made by general Otto, who, with a body of ten 
6 P thou Find 
