515 
GERMAN Y. 
were expofed to the moil; imminent danger, Bonaparte 
having his clothes pierced with balls in fevcial places, 
and Melas being twice difmounted by his horfe falling 
under him. A.t length, however, the French conful, 
availing hiinfelf of an error which Mela's had committed, 
nifhed with fnch irrefiltible fury upon his enemies, that 
they were inflaatly thrown into diforder, and compelled 
to retreat with the utmoft precipitation. This dreadful 
defeat induced general Melas to folicit an armiltice, 
and the anfwer of Bonaparte was diidated by a fpirit of 
moderation. Hollilities were therefore fufpended until 
IV^elas niould receive further orders from Vienna ; and 
the vie'torious conful returned to Milan, where he fo- 
lemnly recognized the Cifalpine republic as a free and 
independent nation. 
By tlie armiltice of Marengo, the French army was 
to occupy all the country lying between the Cl'.iefa, 
the Oglio, and the Po, and the Mincio was not to be 
occupied by either of .the armies ; the callles of Tor- 
tona, Alexandria, Turin, Arona, and Placentia, were 
to be put inio the hands of th.e French by a certain 
lime; the Auftrian general was to releafe all perfons, 
in the fortrelfes under his command, who migiit have 
been imprifoned for political opinions ; and it was par¬ 
ticularly flipulated that during the armiftice no detach¬ 
ments Ihould be fent from either party into Germany. 
During thefe tranfadlions the other divilions of the 
French army crolTed the Rhine, under the command of 
generals St. Sufanne, St. Cyr, Moreau, and Lecourbe. 
The divifion under St. Sufanne marched to Oifenburgh, 
and that under St. Cyr advanced toward Fribourg, 
wiiile Moreau proceeded, without any confiderable op- 
pofition, to the point where the various divifioiis had 
been appointed to meet, and Lecourbe made Itimfelf 
ntafter of the caftle of Flohenweil. 
General Kray, v/ho had fucceeded tlie archduke 
Charles as commander of the Aultrians, was now com¬ 
pelled to evacuate Donaweefehingen in order to check 
tile progrefs of the enemy. The left wing of tlie 
French, under St. Sufanne, immediately took polfelTion 
of that place, and, extending their flanks to the main 
body of Moreau’s army, endeavoured to elfablifli them- 
felves in the lines of Stockach, with a defign to oppofe 
the lines of the imperialifts. After fome petty Ikir- 
ndfhes on both fides, an engagement took place at Mofs- 
kirk, in which Moreau, aflifted by Lecourbe, made 
fome imprellion on the Andrian battalions, and not- 
witliftanding their gallant exertions, compelled them to 
retreat with confiderable lofs. The fubl'equent aifions 
of Biberach and Memmingen proved equally unfortu¬ 
nate ; and general Kray deemed it expedient to retire 
to Ulni, where he was joined by fix thouland Bavarian 
and Wirtemburg auxiliaries, under the command of 
baron Deux Pouts. 
riie French now advanced to Rhieneck, little more 
than a league from Ulm, and feemed inclined to give 
battle to the imperialilts ; but general Kray prudently 
avoided that meafure tintil the promifed reinforcements 
fhould arrive from Aulhia. Six battalions of infantry, 
drawn from the garrifonof Vienna, were on their march, 
and to be followed by fix more, and five Iquadrons of 
cuiraniers; .and the garrifons of feveral Aulirian, Bo¬ 
hemian, and Moravian, cities, were appointed to form a 
body of relerve on the banks of the Adige and the Da¬ 
nube. Under thefe circumllances, both generals" con¬ 
tented theml'elves with mutual obfervation; but the 
French contrived to turn this date of inaction to their 
advantage, by laying the whole of Franconia and Swa¬ 
bia under contribution. For nearly two mouths Moreau 
had fought nothing ftirther than to amul'e the impe- 
rialids by marches and counter-marches, by threatened 
lieges and fliain irruptions, to alarm them for the fifety 
4'f the hereditary dates, and prevent them from paying 
any attention to the ail'airs of Italy ; but when the vic- 
U)ry of Marengo had put the late of Italy into th.e 
hands of Bonapa-rte, Moreau determined to aft with 
more enterprize and vigour. Accordingly lie prepared 
to crofs the Danube, in order to bring '.'cneral Kray to 
a decillve aftion ; and ordered Lecourbe to pafs over 
with tile right wing of his army between Dillingen and 
Blenheim, wiiile the main army croUhd atapoini nearer 
Ulm. The execution of this defign was followed by a 
feries of actions on the famous plains of Blenheim, in 
which the Aiidrians loll, in killed, wounded, and pri- 
foners, about five thouland men ; and the French more 
than half .that number. The divilions under generals 
Szrarray and Niiueiidorf being cut olf from the main 
army of the imperialilts, general Kray tvas obliged to 
leave Uhn under tlie proteftion of a garrifon, while he 
retreated with the remains of Ids forces to Ingolftadt. 
Bavaria was now laid under heavy contributions ; the 
duke and dnehefs of Wirtemberg were compelled to re¬ 
tire, with their family and fuite, to Anipach ; and the 
whole electorate of Treves fell into the hands of the 
enemy ; while an army of thirty thoufand French and 
Batavians was marching toward the Upper Rhine, with 
a defign to penetrate into Franconia. 
In tiiefe embarralTing circuniftances the Aultrians fo- 
licited an armiltice, which was granted on the i5tli of 
July, 1800. This truce led to a iiegociation ; and 111 lels 
tlian a fortnight count St. Julian on the part ot the em¬ 
peror, and the ex-bifliop Talleyrand on the part of 
France, figned preliminaries of peace, on tlie balls ot 
the treaty of Canipo-Formio. The fame diferefi'es which 
induced the Auftrian government to requcll a lufpenfton 
of hoftilities, urged the neceflity of concluding a defi¬ 
nitive treaty of peace. But there were Itill fome cir- 
cumftances which tended to fupport the emperor’s fink, 
ing fpirits, and to revive the ambition inherent in liis 
family. Hungary, and many of the hereditary (fates, 
began to exhibit an abhorrence of the intolerable op- 
prellion of the republicans ; and his imperial majelty 
had concluded a t.'-eaty by which lie became indebted 
to Great Britain in the fum of two millions fterllng, not 
chargeable with intereft before the expiration ot fix 
months from the conclufion of a peace between him and 
the French republic. It had alfo been ftipulated that 
the war fliould be carried on witli all pofiible vigour,, 
and that neither party Ihould conclude any treaty wiiicli 
did not comprehen.d the other. The emperor, taitlitui 
to thefe engagements, exerted hiinfelf to include the 
Britifli nation in a treaty of general peace ; and when 
the enfuing correfpondeuce between France and Hng- 
land proved abortive, he polltively refiifed toratity the 
preliminaries which had been figned at Paris, alleging 
that the count St. Julian had exceeded his orders. 
Towards the end of Augulf, theretore, the french 
government informed its generaU, that the emperor had 
refuted to fubl'cribe to the conditions which had been 
figned by his plenipotentiary, and that the armiltice 
would be at au end on the 7th of September. The ge¬ 
neral officers and chiefs of corps were alio exhorted to 
improve this interval in Inch a manner that they migitc 
be able to encounter th-e enemy as.d'oon as they Ihould 
receive orders. About the tame time his imperial ma- 
jelty ilfued a jnoclamation, alcribiiig the ruptuie of the^ 
armiltice to the French, and expreliing his intention ot 
putting himfelf at the head of his army in Germany. 
The firlt motions of the French leemed to indicate an 
intention of carrying the chief weight ot the war into 
Bohemia ; but the grand plan ot Moreau’s operations 
was not clearly developed; th.is campaign being cut 
ftiort, by decilive advantages gained over the tmpe- 
rialifts. On the 29th of November, Moreau commenced 
hoftilities near the Inn, and carried the Auftnan works 
at Wellemberg: but he was let's fortunate in a (uble- 
quent engagement with the archduke John (younger 
brother of the emperor) in the vicinity of Haag. The 
Auftrian troops were at firlt driven back by the irre- 
liftible fury of tiieir aft'ailantsj but victory at length 
decided 
