G E R 
there are leaflets in the calyx ; inner fewer, fliorter ; 
proper one-petalled, ligulate, truncate, five-toothed. 
Stamina; filaments five, very fiiort ; anther cylindric, 
tubular.' Piftillum: germ oblong; fiyle filiform, the 
fame length with the fiamens; ftigmas two, bowed back, 
filiform. Pericarpium : none; calyx oblong, upright, 
gaping. Seeds: of the ray fubulate, the fame length 
with the calyx ; down with five patulous awns—of the 
ditk fubulate, fiiorter; down feathered. Receptacu- 
lum: with briftle-fliaped chaffs; {niktA, Gartner .)— 
EJfential CharaEler. Calyx, fimple ; receptacle, with 
briftle-fliaped chaffs ; feeds, of the difk, with a fea¬ 
thered down—of the ray, with five awns. 
Species, i. Geropogon glabrum, or fmooth geropo- 
gon, or old man’s beard: leaves fmooth. 2. Geropo¬ 
gon hirfutum, or rough geropogon: leaves hairy. 3. 
Geropogon calyculatum, or perennial geropogon ; ca¬ 
lyxes calycled_Thefe plants have the lame habit with 
tragopogon and fcorzonera,. The flowers in the two 
firft fpecies not yellow, but red : thefe are annual. 
The third fpecies is perennial. All of them are natives 
of Italy ; and flower in June, July, and Auguft. For 
the propagation and culture, fee Tragopogon. 
GER'RH^n, in ancient geography, a people of Scy¬ 
thia, in whofe country the Boryfthenes riles. The kings 
of Scythia were generally buried in their territories. 
GER'RI, a town of Spain, in the province of Cata¬ 
lonia; thirty-feven miles north of Balaguer. 
GER'RI, a town of Africa, in Nubia, fituated on the 
Nile, containing about 140 houfes: 130 miles north- 
north-eaft of Sennaar. Lat. 16. 15. N. Ion. 30. 34. E. 
Greenwich. 
GER'RISH ISLAND, a fmall ifle near Cape Ned- 
dock, clofe to the main land of the diftrici; of Maine, in 
the American States. 
GER'RI SHEIM, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Weftphalia, and duchy of Berg: four miles eaft of 
Dufleldorp. 
GER'RY, a townfhip of the American States, in 
Worcefter county, Maflachuffets. It was incorporated 
in 1786, and contains 14,000 acres of land, and 740 in¬ 
habitants ; thirty miles north-weft of Worcefter, and 
fixty-five north-weft by weft of Bofton. 
GERS, a river of France, which rifesnearLa Barthe 
de Neftes in the department of the Upper Pyrenees, 
croffes the department of the Gers, palling by Malfeure, 
Seilfan, Audi, Fleurance, Ledoure, &c. and runs into 
the Garonne, about a league fouth-eaft of Agen. 
GERS, a department of France, bounded on the 
north by the department of the Landes, and the Lot 
and Garonne ; on the eaft by the department of the 
Upper Garonne; on the fouth by thofe of the Upper 
and Lower Pyrenees ; and on the weft by the depart¬ 
ment of the Landes. About fifty-five miles long, and 
from twenty-two to forty-five broad- It takes its name 
from the river Gers, which crolles it from fouth to 
north. Audi is the capital. This is one of the four 
departments formed out of Guienne. 
GER'SAU, a town ot Swifierland, and many years 
capital of a I'rnall republic, in the canton of Schweitz. 
The whole territory is only about two leagues long, 
and one wide, and the population about one thoufand 
fouls. It formerly belonged to the houfe of Auftria, 
but entered into an alliance with the cantons of Uri, 
Schweitz, and Underwalden, in 1315, w'hich was con¬ 
firmed in 1559. town is fituated on the north fide 
of the lake ot Four Cantons: fix miles fouth-weft of 
Schweitz. 
GER'SCHITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Konigingratz ; nine miles north-weft of Konigingratz. 
GERS'DORF, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Upper Saxony, and principality of Querfurt: four 
miles north-eaft of Juterbock. 
GER'SHA.M, [Heb. a Itran ger.J A man’s name, 
GER'SHON, a man’s name. 
G E R 53J 
GER'SHONI FE, y. A defeendant of Gerfhon. 
GERSPACH', a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Swabia, and county ot Eberftein, on the Murg; two 
miles fouth-eaft of Baden, and twenly-tvo north-eaft of 
Strafburg. On the 5th of Julv, 1794, tJie Aultrians 
were defeated near this place, a’nd the town taken pof- 
feftion of by the French. 
GERSS'PRENTZ, a river of Germany, in the circle 
of the Lower Rhine, which runs into the Main, near 
Stockftad, in the eletforate of Mentz. 
GER'STEN (Chriftian-Louis), profelfor of mathe¬ 
matics at Gielfen, born in that city in 1701, and died at 
Irankfort in 1762. His v/orks are, i. Tenlamina Syft.e- 
vtatis novi ad Mutationis Barometri, ex Natura elatcris Aerci 
demonjlrandas. Irankfort, 1733, 8vo. 2. Mct.hodus nozia ad- 
Edipjes Terra (3 Appuljus Luna ad Stellas Jupputandas. 
Gielfen, 1740, 4to. 3. Exercitationcs rccentiores circa Roris 
Meleora. Offenbach, 1748, 8vo. 4. Methodus nova Calculi 
Eclipfium Terra fpecialis, in the Philolophical Tranfac- 
tions, vol. xliii. N°. 482. 5. Mercurius fub Sole vifus, & 
Ohfervatvs in Specula AJlronomica. Gielfen, Phil. Tranfacf. 
vol. xliv. N®. 482, and in Nov. x\dt. Lipf. 1745. 
Quadrantis AJlronomici muralis Idea nova C 3 peculiaris. Phil. 
Tranfa6f. vol. xliv. N°.483. 
GERSTRUN'GEN, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of Upper Saxony, and principality of tlifenach : 
eight miles weft of Eifenach. 
GERSUM'A,^. [Saxon.] A fine or income. 
GERSUMARI'US, y. Inlaw: finable; liable to be 
amercedorfinedat thediferetionof the lord of themanor. 
GERS'WALDE, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Upper Saxony, and Ucker Mark of Brandenburg; 
nine miles fouth of Prenzlow. 
GER'TRUDE, [of gap, all, and tpifcli. Tout, q. d, 
true to her truth.] A Chriftian name of woman. 
GERTRU'DENBERG, a town of Germany, in tlie 
circle of Weftphalia, and bilhonric of Ofnabriick : one 
mile eaft of Olnabruck. 
GERTRU'DENBURG, or St. Gertruyden- 
burg, a town of Brabant, but of late years fubjected 
to Holland. Such w'as the dilpofition of both countries 
towards this pilace, that the Brabanters were accuftomed 
to compel their dukes to promife their endeavours to 
reunite it to their duchy ; and the Hollanders, on the 
contrary, compelled their comte to fwear not to negledt 
any means in his power to preferve it. It has a good 
harbour formed by tiie Merwe, which is here extended 
to a very conliderable lake, called Bies Bofcli, of about 
two hours paffage crofs to Dort. It is built in tlie form 
ot a crelcent, with regular fortifications, good baftions, . 
and fome forts, with Unices, by means of whicii they 
can lay the country about it under water. In ancient 
charters it is called Mans Littoris, the Mountain of the 
Sh.ore. Pepin de Landen, duke of Brabant, gave it to 
his daughter Gertrude, in 647, who built a church dedi¬ 
cated to St. Amand, bifliop of Tongres ; but afterwards 
the place becoming celebrated by the death and mira¬ 
cles of Ste. Gertrude, it has fince been called Moiit de 
Ste. Gertrude, or Gertrudenburg. It lias a caftle, built in 
1321. In 1420, the inhabitants of Dort took the town 
and fet fire to it, which demolilhed the church. On 
the 28th of Auguft, 1373, the confederates, under the 
txmdud't of captain Poyet, a French Calvinift, came fo 
fuddenly upon it, that they almoft cut the garrifon in 
pieces before they could adi; on the detenlive. In 1589, 
the Englilh garrifon ftirrendered, or, as lome affert, fold 
it to the prince of Parma, prince Maurice came to be- 
fiege it on the 28th of March, 1393, and after having 
taken the fort of Stekelhof, which tvas about two nitij.. 
ket fliots from tlie town, he approaciied near, mads 
bridges over the waters and man'hes for a regular com- 
munication between his quarters, and fortified his caiup 
with fuch art and caution that it could not be forced, 
and the place was compelled to furrender on the ^3th 
of J line, in the fight of comte de Mansfelt, wiio had 
advanced 
