G H E 
no\y confiderable. In this city was conclinJecl the fa¬ 
mous treaty, on the 8th of November, 1676, called the 
Treaty of Ghent, confifting of five-and-tvventy articles, the 
principal of which were, that the Spanifli and foreign 
tro>ops flioiild depart out of the country; tliat the pro- 
viilices of Holland and Zealand fliould remain united 
with the others; that the catholic religion fhould be 
iiiaintaineci, and the ancient privileges of the country 
be fecure ; which treaty was approved and ratified by 
Philip II. king of Spain. A fliort time after, the duke 
of Arfehot was appointed governor of Flanders, and 
made a magnificent entry into the city ; but the citizens, 
infiigated by Imbife, Reyhove, and fome others, alTem- 
bled three days after, and infifted on a re/ioration of 
thofe privileges which had been taken from them by 
Charles V. and being refufed, they feized the diikc, the 
bifliops of Bruges and Ypres, and I’orae other noblemen, 
and held them prifoners for fome time. They went fo 
far as to take an oath to the prince of Orange, fub- 
feribed to the union of Utrecht, and Imbife was made 
the principal echevin of Ghent ; but, in 1584, they re- 
turned to their obedience under their legitiniate fove- 
reign, and Imbife, the author of all the dirturbances, 
was depofed, and publicly beheaded, on the 4th of 
Auguft, 1585. 
Louis XIV. king of France, took Ghent on the 9th 
of March, 1678, after a liege of fix days; but reftored it 
to Spain at the treaty of Nime'guen the fame year, with 
whom it continued till the allies took it, with the cita¬ 
del, in the year 1706, after the battle of Ramillies. The 
French feized it by llratagem the 5th of July, 1708, un¬ 
der tlie condudi; of brigadier la Faille, but they remained 
in polfellion only a fmall time; for the allies, under 
prince Eugene and tlie duke of Marlborough, belieged 
it again tlie 24th of December, and forced it to capitu¬ 
late the 30th of the fame month ; the commander, comte 
de la Motte, lieutenant-general of France, with the gar- 
rilon, confiding of fourteen thoufand me'n, being made 
prifoners. 
Ghent was eredted into a bilhopric in 1559, by pope 
Paul IV. at the lolicitation of Philip II. king of Spain, 
fubjedl to the archbifimp of Malines; befides the cathe¬ 
dral, it has fix parifh churches, and a great many reli- 
giout houfes; the ftreets are large, and the market¬ 
places fpacious, particularly tlie Friday’s market, in the 
midfi: of which is a fialue of Charles V. in his imperial 
habit, the effeeb of which is in a great meafure deftroyed 
by being eredted on a column. The ancients have in¬ 
deed leit us fome infiances of this impropriety: but 
their errors ought not to be imitated ; and mofi: of thefe 
flatties were eredled when purity of tafie began to de¬ 
cline. That attention which, in order to be excited, 
requires local elevation, does little honour to itsobjedb. 
The prefervation ot this fiatue may be confidered as a 
proof that, if mankind be not always mindful of the 
benefits, they are at leaft equally difpofed to forget the 
injuries, which they receive from princes ; forfurely few 
fovereigns, after what has been related above, ever de- 
ferved the hatred of a people more than Charles V. did 
that of the citizens of Ghent. This city was alfo un¬ 
fortunately the objedt of imperial vengeance in the late 
contefis between tlie Netherlands and the emperor; it 
I'ufiered much in November, 1789, from an attempt 
made by the Aullrian troops, under general Arberg, to 
burn and pillage it. Many houfes were deftroyed, but 
the violent rain prevented the flames from fpreading. 
The cruelties perpetrated by the foldiers were dreadful; 
ninety-feven perfons, many of whom were children, 
were malfacred by them. They w-ere however defeated 
by tlie citizens, who attacked the military in their bar¬ 
racks, to which they would have fet fire, had not the 
officers laid down their arms, and furrendered at difere- 
tion. It redounds to the honour of the Flemings, that 
they fpared thefe barbarous wretches, and treated them 
as prifoners of war'. 
Glient has confiderable trade in corn, with cloth, 
G H I 543 
linen, and filk manufaftures, much alTified by two navi¬ 
gable canals, one to Sas de Ghent, the other to Bruges, 
Ofiend, See. L'lie magifiracy is compofed of burgo- 
mafiers, echevens, and common-council. John, the third 
fon of Edward III. king of England, was born in this 
city, and thence called John of Gaunt. On the i4tli ot 
November, 1792, the French republicans took poflTeflion 
of this city; the inhabitants of which exprelfed a defiro 
to be united to France. It is thirty miles fouth-wefi 
of Antwerp, and thirty-five north of Lille. Lat. 51.4. N. 
Ion. 21. 17. E. Ferro. 
GHERE'DE, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Natolia : twenty-eight miles eaft of Boli. 
GHERGIS'TEN MOUNTAINS, a chain of moun¬ 
tains ot Atia,: fituated to the north of the country of 
Candahar, about fifteen leagues north of Candahar. 
GHE/RGONG', the capital of the kingdom of AITam, 
in Afia. It has four gates; and the city is encompafi'ed 
with a bound-hedge of bamboos. The rajah’s palace is 
furrounded by an elevated caufey, planted on each fide 
with a clofe hedge of bamboo, which ferves inftead ot a 
wall. On the outfide there is a ditch or fofs, which is 
always full of water. In the centre of the palace there 
is a faloon one hundred and fifty cubits long, and forty 
broad, fupported by fixty-fix pillars. The rajah’s feat 
is adorned with lattice-work and carving. Within and 
without have been placed plates of brafs, fo highly po¬ 
ll Ihed, that when the rays of the fun firike upon them, 
they fiiine like mirrors. It is an afeertained faff, that 
3000 carpenters and 12,600 labourers were conftantly 
employed on this work for two years before it was 
finifiied. Ghergong ftands on the banks of the Burham- 
pooter, 448 miles eaft from Patna. Lat. 26. 26. N. Ion, 
95 - 35- E* Greenwich. 
GHERI'AH, a fea-port of Hindoofian, on the weftern 
or Pirate Coaft, in the country ofConcan; firongly for¬ 
tified by the pirate Angria, from whom it was taken 
by admiral Watfon and colonel Clive, in 1756 : eighty- 
miles north-north-wert of Goa. Lat. 16. 45. N. Ion. 73. 
7. E. Greenvdeh. 
GHER'KIN, f. [from gurcke, Germ, a cucumber.J 
A final 1 pickled cucumber. Skinner. 
GHER'MA, or Germa, a town of Africa, in the 
defert country of Berdoa. Lat. 24. 30. N. Ion. 18.20. BL 
Greenwich. 
GHERMAN'SLI, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the 
province of Natolia : thirty-fix miles wCft of Burfa. 
GHBIR'ZE, a town of Africa, in the country of Tri¬ 
poli : fifty miles foutli of Mefurada. 
7 b GHESS, o. [See Lo Guess. G/if/S is by critics 
confidered as the true orthography, batg;iQ/i' lias uni- 
verfally prevailed.] To conjecture.—It feem’d a fecond 
paradife, I ghe.ffe. Spenfer. 
GHEUR'EL, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Natolia: tweiity-eiglit miles welt-north-weit ol 
Angura. 
GHEUT'Sr, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Caramania: lixteen miles call ot Cogni. 
GIIEYS'SIQUAS, a nation of Hottentots, bordering 
on Caftraria, in the fouth of Africa, and near the Cape 
of Good Hope. See the article HoT t'ENTO rs. 
GHl'LAN, or Kilan, a province of Perfia, bounded 
on the north by the province of Adirbeitzan and Schir- 
van, on the north-eafi by the Cafpian Sea, on the eaft by 
the Cafpian Sea and the province of Mezanderan, on the 
fouth by tlie Perfian Irak, and on the weft by Curdiftali 
and Adirbeitzan; about zoo miles from eaft to weft, 
and 130 from north to fouth. It is one ot the nioft 
beautiful and fertile provinces in all Perlia, producing 
filk, olives, rice, tobacco, and moft excellent iiuits ot 
all kinds, and in fo gi'eat quantity as not only to fupplv 
their owii wants, but fufficient to turnilh a great pare ul 
Perlia and Armenia. Whole forefts are leen of mul¬ 
berry, box, and walnut, trees. Every peafant has a 
garden to his cottage, filled with orange-trees, citrons', 
figs, and vines. The inhabitants are M.iliomeums, ot 
