54! G H I 
tiie fecT: of Om?!', brave, !)au,g]ity, :>iu! imlnftrioas. Tlvis 
province was ceded to R\ifria, witli all its dependencies, 
by a treaty concluded at Peterfburg, in 1723, between 
tb.e emperor and the fch.ah ; but no fieps feent to have 
been taken on tlie part of Rufiia till the year 1780, when 
the emprefs annexed it to the RufTian dominions. Ref.hd 
is the capital. 
GHILI'NI (Jerom), a man of letters, born in 15S9, 
at Mor>za, in. the Milanefe. He ftudied firft in civil and 
canon law ; but luiving ni.nrled, and fettled ;tt Aleilan- 
dt'.a, (the native place of his father,) lie for fohie years 
employed liimfclf in the private piiiinits of literature. 
Becoiniiig a tvidower, he took the ecclefiaftical habit, 
and refnined the ftudy of canon law, in which he became 
a doctor. H.e had an tibbacy in the kingdom of Naples, 
and was made apollolical protho.notary. He was after¬ 
wards prelented to a theological canonry in the churcli 
Ambrofe at Milan,. In 1670, he wtis living at 
Alcflandnti in a very advanced age ; but when he died 
is unknown. He was a member of the Academy of In- 
cogp.iti at Venice. He publiflied, i. Poems. 2. Cafes 
01 Confcience. 3, Annals of Alelfandria and its circum¬ 
jacent 1 erritory, folio, Milan, 1666; and a w'ork enti¬ 
tled Tcat.ro di Uomiai Lctterati, 2 vols. 4to. Venice, 1647. 
GHINA'LA, or Guin.\la, a town and kingdom of 
Axtrica, on the river Grande. Lat. 10. 20. N. Ion. 12. 
20. W. Greenwich. 
GHINTA,/. [fo named by Schreber, in honour of 
I.r/cas Ghim. a fair.ous j'hyfician and botanill of Bologna, 
itythe li.x teentk century. ] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
dia.idria, order monogynia, (didynamia, Sw.) natural 
order of perfonatas, (vitices, JuJf.) The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, tubular, 
permanent; mouth expanded, five-toothed, acuminate. 
.Corolla; one petalled, irregtilar; tube long, narrotv ; 
border two-lipped, upper lip largeft, roundifli, concave, 
aicending ; lower three-parted, fegmenls roundifli, the 
middle one largeft, bent down, emarginate. Stamina: 
filaments four, inferted into the tube above the bafe, 
two longer than the others; anthcra: with oblong cells, 
one at the end, fertile in the longer filaments, barren in 
the fhorter ; the other inferted towards the middle of 
tlie filament, in fliape of a fcale. Piftillum : germ round- 
ifli ; ft}le the length of the tube; ftigma four-lobcd. 
Pericarpium: drupe turbinate, angular, longer than the 
calvx, which is permanent. Seed: nut angular, four 
or five-celled, v/ith one feed in each cell ; (four-corner¬ 
ed, four-fpined at the end, four-celled, with folitary 
kernels, Swartz .) — EJfential CharaEler. Caly.x five-toothed, 
teeth acuminate; corolla tw'O-lipped ; ftamina four, with 
two barren anthers at the end ot the fhorter filaments ; 
pericarpium a drupe, containing a four or five-celled 
nut, with a feed in each cell ; (a flefliy four-celled 
nut, Sw.) 
Specks. I, Ghinia fpinofa, or prickly ghinia : fruits 
four-fpmed. Stem flender, woody, branching, near three 
feet high; leaves oval, fharply indented, light green, 
on fhort foot-ftalks; flowers di.fiant, feilile, in a loofe 
fpike, on flender, naked, axillary, peduncles, fix or feven 
inches in length ; corollas fmall, bright blue; feeds 
two, terminated by fhort «awns, and inclofed in the calyx. 
I t is an annual plant, and native of the Weft Indies, An¬ 
tigua, Curacoa, 6 cc. The feeds were fent to Mr. Miller 
from Vera Cruz, by Dr. Houfton. 
2. Ghima mutica, or fmooth ghinia ; fruits without 
fpines.^ This alfo is an annual plant, about a foot and 
a half tn h.eight. Native of Guiana, and the ifiand of 
Cayenne. 
GHl'NUC, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the province 
of Nalolia; twenty-four rriilcs north-weft of Sinob. 
GHI'O, or Shemi.ik, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 
the province of Natolia; twenty miles nor.th-eaft of 
Burfa. 
GHIR, a river of Africa, which rifes in mount Atlas, 
and empties itfelf into a lake in the Defert of H.iir. 
GHIR'GIiS.', or Guanguin, a town of Africa, in 
4 
G H O 
the kingdom of Congo; thirty miles north-eaft of Cape 
Roxo. 
GHIR'NAH, a river of Hinlooftan, which runs into 
the Taptee : thirty-fix miles fouth-weft of Burhampour. 
GHIVI'RA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan: 
tliirty miles north-weft of Milan. 
GHIZ'NI, or G.\zna, a town of Afia, in the country 
of Cabul, once the capital of a powerful empire of tltc 
fame name ; tlie city is called the Second Medina, from the 
great number of illuftrious perfous wlio have been in¬ 
terred tfiere : 150 miles eaft of Candahar, and fifty-four 
fouth of Cabul. Lat. 33.40.N. lo:i.61.20.E. Greenwich. 
GHO'BA, the place to which the Affy rian army v/ere 
chafed by the I fraelitcs in tire days of Judith. Judith xv.5. 
GHO'BAN, a town of Perfia, the refidenceof an Ara¬ 
bian fchiech, neat; the mouth of the Euphrates. 
GHO'ER, a-town of the Dutch States, in OVerifle!, 
on the Regge : ten miles north-nortli-eaft of Borkeloe. 
GHOST, y. [from the Saxon IrXST, which in the 
“ Ailfrici Grammatica” is interpreted by .SpiVfti/t; Ani- 
ma.] However the Saxon and Englifli word may ori¬ 
ginally have been applied to exprefs what we term 
“Wind,” the word “Gho!l” has now a different fenfe. 
And here we do not lefer to the vulgar acceptation, 
when the ignorant and fuperftitious talk of Ghofis,” 
by which tliey mean terrific pliantoins. We will explain 
the word in the hi<th and dignified fenfe in which it is 
now underftood. 
St. Paul, 2Cor. iv. 16. fpeaks of our “ Inward Body.” 
Estius and VoRSTius thus interpret the paffage : — 
Hominem interiorem appellat Spiritum, five Animam ; vcl 
Animam raiionalem cum potentiis ei propriis; i.e. “The 
Apoftle calls the Spirit, or Soul, or Rational Soul, with 
its appropriate faculties, the Inward Man This Spiritual 
Inhabitant of the Human Body is what we now under- 
ftand when we life the word “Ghoft” on folenin occa- 
fions : fo that the “ Ghoft of a Man,” or “ Spirit of a 
Man,” are fynonymous. 
When, after his refurredHon, our Lord appeared to 
his dilciples, to convince them that they faw a real 
Body, lie faid, “ Behold, my hands and my feet, tliat 
it is I myfelf; handle me, and fee: for a Spirit hath not 
flcfti and bones, as ye fee me have.” St. Luke xxiv. 39. 
Here our Lord precifely diftinguiflies between that which 
conftitutes tlie body, and thgt wliicli is tlie nature of 
Man’s “ Ghoft, or Spirit.” Flefli and Bones compofe 
tlie one; but fucli fubrtance our “ Inward Ghoft or 
Spirit” does not in itl'elf polFefs, though wliilft united 
witli the body it feels the influence and weiglit of the 
carnal frame. At the diflblution of the Body, the In¬ 
ward Ghoft or Spirit is freed from incumbrance. It 
departs for a fealoii to that region which is the abode 
of “ Gliofts or Spirits” feparated from Mortal Bodies. 
But at the final confummation of all things, when the 
Refurredfion enfues, the “ Ghoft” of each perfon .fli.dl 
be re-united with his Body ; which Body will not then 
be,grofs, mortal, and corruptible, but pure, immortal, 
and incorruptible, fo that the “Ghoft” inhabiting it 
fliall no more experience the prefl'ure from it, which we 
each of us perceive affedting us, when we attend to the 
Rational and Irrational Parts of our Frame, in all their 
workings, their conflidts, their difterent tendencies, their 
contrary gratifications, where the “ Ghoft or Spirit” has 
been trained to virtue and religion. 
Taking the word “ Ghoft ” in the fignification of fome- 
what, which tliough “ Subftaiice,” is yet not “ Bodily 
Subftance,” or rather, not “Material Subflance,” but 
refined, and pure, as Light, or Fuc, or Wind, all of 
which are “ Subltaiices,” though not “ Material Sub. 
fiances,” we apply the term to the ITird Perlon of the 
One Godhead, and denominate the Holy Spirit by 
tlie appellation “Holy Ghost.” 
We reject Credulity as a mark either of hafty judgment, 
or of weak underltaiiding. To popular ftories of Ghofts 
and Goblins we give no credit. But we certainly do 
liear, on dome occalions, fudi pofitive alfertioiis made 
by 
