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hy moll fenfible and moft refpeflable perfons, fomc of 
whom we know at tliis very time, that we can fcarcely 
deny the fadl, tliat the Spirits of departed friends do 
fometiines appear. 
GHOST'LINESS,/. Spiritual tendency; quality of 
having reference chiefly to the foul. 
GHOST'LY, adj. Spiritual; relating to the foul ; 
not carnal ; not fecular.—Save and defend us from our 
ghqflly enemies. Common Prayer. —The graces ot the Ipirit 
are much more precious than worldly benefits, and our 
ghojlfy evils of greater importance than any harm which 
the body feeleth. Hooker. —Having a charadler from re- 
ligionj fpiritual.— "Phc ghojlly father nOw hath done his 
fiirift. Shhkefpeare. 
Hence will I to my ghojily friar’s clofe cell. 
His help to crave, and my dear hap to tell. Shakefpeare. 
GHOU'MEL, or Gomel, a town of Africa, in the 
kingdom of Foulis, on the Joto, the refidence of the 
king. Lat. i6. 12. N. Ion. ii. 15.W. Greenwich. 
GHOUR'BOND, a town of Afia, in the country of 
Cabul: forty-two miles north-weft of Cabul. Lat. 34. 
55. N. Ion. 67. 52. E. Greenwich. 
GHOU'RI, a tow'n of Afia, in the kingdom of Balk. 
Lat. 35.40. N. Ion. 66. 56. E. Greenwich. 
GHU'LA EL AIJAIB, a town of Arabia Felix : ten 
miles north-north-eaft of Chamir. 
GOULPAI'GAN, a town of Perfia, in the province 
of Irak; too miles north-north-weft of Ifpahan. 
GHUN'FUDE, a conliderable city of Arabia, fituated 
on the Red Sea, in the jurifdidlion of the governor of 
Adecca, I'ubjedl to the Turks. All the fhips which are 
employed in carrying cofi'ee to Jidda, are obliged to an¬ 
chor here, in order to pay the duty, and obtain certifi¬ 
cates thereof, before they are permitted to fail : 145 
miles fouth of Mecca. Lat. 19. 7. N. 
GHU'NI, one of the fmaller Cape Verd iflands, little 
more than a rock. 
GIAB'BAR, a fortrefs of Afiatic Turkey, in the 
province of Diarbekir : 120 miles fouth-fouth-weft of 
Diarbek. 
GIA'DEN, a town of Arabia: fixty miles weft-fouth- 
wett of Mecca. 
GPAFAR, furnamed Sadek, or the JuJl, a mnlTulman 
dodtor of great refpedlability, born at Medina in the 83d 
year of the Hegira, where he died, aged fixty-five, in 
148, correfponding w’ith 764 of the Chriftian era. He is 
the reputed author of the lefler Gefre, a book compofed 
of prophecies relating to the deftiny of MuITiilmanilm, 
and the great events that are to take place before the 
confummation of all things, and of myfteries which will 
not be fully developed until the coming of Mehedi, to¬ 
wards the end of the world. He is alfo faid to be the 
author of the Ketab Corradt, or Book of Lots, which is 
one of the principal diredtories of the MulTulmans in 
their divinations. But Giafar Sadek’s Traditions are 
v/hat are held in the higheft repute, and chiefly confe- 
crate his memory as a dodtor of Iflamifm. Thefe he is 
faid to have received from his father, and from Atha, 
one of the companions of Mahomet, and to have tranf- 
mitted them to Thouri, to Ben Ainah, to Abou Hanifah, 
and to Malec, of whom the two laft are the chiefs of 
the two fedrs reputed orthodox among the Muflulmans. 
GI'AGAS, a tribe of predatory or wandering favages 
of Africa, fomewhat fimilar to the Bedouins, but of a 
more ferocious nature. They are alfo denominated 
lajas, and feem from the brutality yf their manners to be 
the fame as the Imbi and the Gallas. We are indebted 
to a traveller, who refided among them many years, for 
what we know refpedling their cuftoms and way of life. 
Their chief has the title of Great Giaga. He has an 
army of twenty thoufand men, under the command of 
twelve captains, each of whom has the charge of one of 
the gates of the camp ; whilft the chief has his pavilion, 
or place of refidence, in the centre. He undertakes no 
VoL. VIII. No. 524. 
Ct I A 
enterprife without firft confulting their national god, 
which is called inoki£b, and from whom he pretends to 
know-the event of every adtien. This ceremony con¬ 
tinues during a whole day : and he is afiifted by fifty 
women, and two forcerers, who form a circle round him, 
make a variety o'f'^geftures, and repeat certain incanta¬ 
tions. Tliey dye his forehead, temples, breaft, and 
belly, with a kind- of powder, confecrated by magical 
words ; put into his hands his cajlngola, or hatdiet; and 
fay to him, “ Go, march\againrt the enemy, and fpare 
not, for the mohijfo will attend thee.” A male child is 
then brought, tlie head of which he fplits. This boy is 
followed by four men, two of whom he (lays with his 
own hand ; the other two are put to death by his order.s 
without the camp. A general entertainment then fuc- 
ceeds; ten cows are killed, five without and five wdthin 
the camp; with an equal number of goats and dogs; 
and the flefh of thefe animals is eaten with great feftivity 
and triumph. 
The drefs of the Great Giaga confifts in having his 
hair very long, braided with many knots, and intermixed 
with fhells; a girdle compofed of the eggs'of an oftrich; 
and a plain pagne of ftuff, manufaftured from the fibres 
of the palm-tree. His body is marked with various 
figures, and every day anointed with human gveafe. He 
wears a piece of copper two inches in length acrols his 
nofe ; and another of the fame fize depends from each 
ear. He has-about thirty wives, who follow him when 
he travels, one of whom carries his bows and arrows, 
and four of the others his cups and velfels of liquor. 
When he drinks, they kneel, ling, and clap their hands. 
He gives an exhortation to his troops every day ; and if 
any one of them turns his back to the enemy, he fullers 
death, and is eaten by his comrades. However Liborious 
and fatiguing their march may be, they no fooner en¬ 
camp, than they fortify the place with ftrong palifades. 
d'hey employ a particular corps of their ftouteft men for 
this purpofe. Their tents or huts are placed in a regu¬ 
lar manner, and clofe to each other; and they depolit at 
the door their bows, arrows, and other weapons; fo that, 
on the lead alarm, every man is completely armed and 
ready in a moment. 
The Giagas have no idol nor other god than their 
mokijfo. The manner in which they recruit their armies, 
is by the captives taken in war, and others whom they 
carry oft'in the courfe of their expeditions, like the ma- 
malukes in Egypt. Thefe youths are no fooner inrolled 
amongft them, than they hang a collar round their necks 
in token of fervitude, and which is to be worn till they 
have brought home the head of an enemy. It is then 
taken off, and they are declared free men. Nothing has 
fo much influence on their minds, as the hope of being 
delivered from the collar, the badge of flavery ; and to 
attain which, they will brave every danger, and fur- 
mount every obftacle. 
When a perfon of diftinftion dies, the body is walked, 
anointed with ointments, and decked in the moft coftly 
manner; and two of the women whom he chiefly loved, 
after having their arms broken, are plated by tlie fid? 
of the deceafed, and in that manner buried with him in 
the ground. As foon as they are thus depofited, the 
grave, which is commonly a deep vault, is filled with 
earth, and if thefe wretched women are not immediately 
fuffocated, they expire amidft lingering torments. Cuf¬ 
toms not unfimilar exift even at this day in Hindooftan. 
Thefe barbarians never make war but for the fake of 
plunder; they only flop their march that they may have 
time to confume their booty ; and when that is exhauft- 
ed, they immediately recommence their predatory incur, 
fions and military operations. But the worft of all is, 
that not content with the property which they are able 
to carry oft', they generally deftroy, burn, or demolifl), 
all immoveable poli'elTions, and leave nothing behind 
them but a barren and defolate wildernels. They never 
Ihew any defire of fettling in a country, nnlefs they be 
6 7 extremely 
