546 
G I A 
extremely fatigued with their expeditions, or fatiated 
vvitli plunder and flaughter. It may be readily con¬ 
ceived, that the inhabitants of a territory which this 
wandering tribe frequent, are in no very agreeable litua- 
tion; and they are, therefore, feldom mentioned: all 
that we know of them is, that they have fome rational 
form of government, and that their conflitution is mo¬ 
narchical. 
GI'AGH, y. in chronology, a cycle of twelve years ; 
in ule among the Turks and Cathayans. Each year of 
the gia'gli bears a name of fome animal: the firll: that of 
;i moufe ; the fecond that of a bullock ; the third of a 
lynx or leopard; the fourth of a hare; the fifth of a 
crocodile ; the fixth of a lerpent; the feventh of a horfe ; 
the eightli of a fiieep ; the ninth of a monkey ; the tenth 
oi a lien; the eleventh of a dog; and the twelfth of a 
hog. They alfo divide, the day into twelve parts, which 
they call giaghs, and difiinguifli them by the names of 
animals. Each giagh contains two of our hours, and is 
divided into eight kchs, as many as there are quarters 
in our hours. 
GI'AH, a city of Palefline, belonging to the tribe of 
Benjamin; fituated near the vrildernefs of Gibeon, and 
the hill of Ammah. 2 Sam. ii. 2+. 
GIAIIED'H, a famous mufitilman dodfor, called Abou 
Othman Amend, or Amrou Ben Mahboub, a native of Baflbra, 
Avhcnce he removed to Bagdat. He was the difciple of 
Abou Ilhakal Nadhani, and chief of the fetd: of the 
Motazales, eminent for their fubtilty in philofophy and 
Icholaflic theology. He was the author of feveral trea- 
tifes in metapliylics, which the Arabs call Elm al Ktlam, 
or the Icience of words, or terms. The Schiites, or the 
followers ot Ali, who are the friends of the Motazales, 
made him a prelent of a large fum of money, in order 
to engage his pen in their defence ; which led him to 
compofe a work, in which he collected a vail mafs of 
tractions and anecdotes, all favourable to the caufe of 
Ali. He died at Bagdat in the year 225 of the Hegira, 
or 840 of the Chriltian era. His reputation was fo high, 
that one fedt of the Motazales bears after him the name 
of Giahediah. 
GI.‘\ID'HOFF, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Stiria : eiglit miles fouth-fouth-well of Graz. 
GIALAJ^I'NA, y. [Italian.] Earth of a bright gold 
colour, iound in the kingdom of Naples, much valued 
by painters. Woodzvard .— I'his is the Italian name of the 
pigment othervvile called Naples yellow. 
GIA.LU', a town of Tranlilvania : eight miles fouth- 
fouth-weli of Claufenburg. 
GIAMA'NI, a town of Perfia, in the province of 
CJiufiftan : twenty-eight miles fouth-fouth-welf of Sul'a. 
GIAM'BEUX,y. Ijambes, Vv.'\ Legs, or armour for 
legs; greaves: 
'I'he mortal Ifeel difpiteoufly entail’d, 
Deep in their flefli, quite through the iron walls, 
'That a large purple Itream adown their giambeux fall. 
Spenfer. 
GIAM'OBASII, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the 
province of Natolia : twenty miles fouth-fouth-eall of 
omyrna. 
GI'AXAB, a town of Perfia, in tlie province of Ker¬ 
man : fifty miles eafi: of Sirgian. 
GIANNO'NE (Peter), an efteemed modern hiftorian, 
born in the kingdom of Naples, about 1680. He difiin- 
guilhed liimfelf by writing in I talian a Hifiory of Naples, 
in 4 vols. 4to. 1723, divided into forty books. Its free¬ 
dom with refpedt to the origin of the papal power gave 
fuch offence to the court of Rome, that, with its ufual 
unforgiving fpirit, it raifed fuch a perfecution againfi: 
the auihor, that he long wandered as a fugitive, and at 
lalt obtained an afylum with the king of Sardinia, who, 
however, found it neceliary to difguife his protedlion 
under the appearance of a confinement. He died in 
Piedmont, in 1748, An extradl was made of all the 
G I A 
matter relating to ecclefiaftical affairs in his hifiory, and 
printed in Holland, under tlie title of Anecdotes Eccleji- 
ajliques. After his death a quarto volume of his Poft- 
humous Works was publifiied, containing among other 
things his profeffion of faith, and a defence of his 
hifiory. 
GRANT,y. [in Greek Tiya;, in Latin Gig as, in He- 
brewNoPHEL, or Nephilim, which may fignify a mon¬ 
ster, or a TERRIBLE MAN, who beats and bears down 
other men.] The Scripture fpeaks of Giants who lived 
before the flood; they are called Nephilim, mighty men, 
which were of old men of renown, Gen. vi.4. Aquila, 
inftead of Gigantes, renders this word Nepkil{m''E.mT:i'if\o'h<;, 
“ men who attack, who fall with impetuofity upon their 
enemies;” a tranflation, fays one, which renders very 
well the wl'iole force of the Hebrew term. Symmachus 
tranflates it Biatoi, violent men, cruel, whole only rule 
of their actions is violence and force of arms. 
The Scripture calls them fomerimes Rephaims. For 
example : Chedorlaomer and his allies beat the Repha¬ 
ims, or Giants, at Aflueroth Karnaim, Gen. xiv. 3. The 
Emims, ancient inhabitants of the land of Moab, were 
of gigantic ftature, they were of the number of the Re¬ 
phaims, or Giants, Dent. ii. 10, ii. The Rephaims and 
the Perizzites are joined together as old inhabitants of 
tlie land of Canaan, Gen. xv. zo. Job fays, that “the 
ancient R.ephaims mourn or groan under the waters,” 
Job xxvi. 5. i. e. “ Thefe Giants of the old world, who 
once carried themfelves infolentiy towards God and men, 
but were quickly fubdued by tlie divine power, and 
drowned with a deluge, do now mourn or groan from 
under the waters v/here they were buried, oi' in their 
fiibterranean and infernal habitations.” But this paflage 
is otherwife explained by i'ome. Solomon, in Prov. ii, 
iS. fays, that “ the paths of a debauched w’oman lead 
to the Rephaims;” that is, “ to hell, where the rebel¬ 
lious giants are; and that he who deviates fiom the 
ways of wifdom, lhall go and dwell in the allembly of 
the Giants in hell.” Prov. xxi. 16. 
The Anakims, or the fons of Anak, were the mofi 
famous Giants of Palestine. They d./elt at Hebron, 
and thereabouts. Their fiature was fo much above 
what was common, that the Ifraelites, wiio were fent ty 
view the promifed land, told the people at their return, 
that they had feen Giants of the race of Anak in this 
country, who were of fo monftrous a fize, that the If- 
raelites, in comparifon, were but grafshoppers to them. 
Num. xiii. 33. 
Tlie Septuagint fometimes tranflate the Hebrew word 
Gib BOR, “ Giant,” though literally it fignifies no more 
than a ftrong man, a man of valour and bravery, a war¬ 
rior. For example: they fay that Nimrod was “.a Giant 
before the Lord,” Gen. x. 8, 9. That the “ Sun riles 
like a Giant to run its courfe,” Pjal. xix. 3. That the 
“ Lord will deftroy the Giant and the warlike man,” 
Ifa. iii. 2. That he will “ call his Giants in his wratJi, 
to take vengeance of his enemies,” IJ'a. xiii. 3. That lie 
will “ defiroy the power of Egypt by the fword of his 
Giants;” that is, “ of his warriors,” xxxii. 12. 
xxi. 27. 
As to the exifience of Giants, feveral writers, both an¬ 
cient and modern, have imagined, that the Giants fpokerj 
of in Scripture were indeed men of an extraordinary fia¬ 
ture, but not fo much above what was common as they 
liave fancied, who del'cribe Giants as three or four times 
larger than men are at prefent. They were, fay they, 
men famous for tlie violences which they committed, 
and for their crimes, rather than for their Itrength, or 
tlie greatnefs of their fiature. 
It is very probable, that the firfi men were all of a 
ftrength and liature much fuperior to tliofe of mankind 
at prefent, fince they lived a much longer time; long¬ 
life being commonly the effeit of a firong and vigorous 
confiitution. And that formerly there were men of a 
ftature much above that of common men, c.-iiiaot be de¬ 
nied. 
