554 GIB 
fneer; "o join cenforioufnefs with contempt.—They 
laugh and gibe at our party. Hooker. 
Wh\ that’s the way to choke a gibing fpirit, . 
Whole.infllienee is begot of that loofe grace 
Which fliallow laughing hearers give to fools. Skakefp. 
To GIBE, v.a. To reproach by contemptuous hints; 
to flout; to fcoft’; to ridicule ; to treat with fcorn ; to 
fneer; to taunt: 
When rioting in Alexandria, you 
Did pocket up my letters, and with taunts 
Did gibe my miffive out of audience. Shakefpeare. 
GIBEjy. Sneer; hint of contempt by word or look ; 
feoff; adt or exprelTion of fcorn; taunt.—If they would 
hate from the bottom of their hearts, their averfion 
would be too llrong for little gibes every moment. Spec¬ 
tator. 
But the dean, if this fecret fliould come to his ears. 
Will never have done with his gibes and his jeers. Swift. 
GIB'EAH, a city of Paleftine, belonging to the tribe^ 
of Judah, fituated in the mountains of that province. 
JoJh. XV. 57. 
GIB'EAH, or Gebah, a city of Paleftine, belonging 
to the tribe of Benjamin, remarkable in Scripture as the 
place where began tlie conteft between the tribe of Ben¬ 
jamin and the reft of Ifrael, which terminated nearly in 
the total deftruction of the former, together with the 
utter ruin of this city, which was burnt by Ifrael. It 
was rebuilt by the Benjamites that efcaped, and proved 
the birth-place of Saul firft king of Ifrael; whence it 
is frequently ftyled “ Gibeah of Saul.” Here the ark 
of God remained from the time of its return from the 
Piiiliftines, until it was removed from thence by order 
of David. Here the feven fons of Saul were put to 
death, in confequence of their father having violated 
the privileges of the Gibeonites. Judges, x\x. 20. iSam. 
X. 26. xiii. 15,16. ■2Sam.v\. 3,4. xxi. 1—9. 
GIB'EATH, a city of Paleftine, belonging to the 
tribe of Benjamin ; probably the fame with Gibeah 
above. JoJk. xviii. 28. 
GIB'EHASC, a town of Arabia Felix, in the pro¬ 
vince of Hadramaut: one hundred and orty miles north- 
north-eaft of Hadramaut. 
GIB'KLIN, a town of Afia, in Paleftine: eight miles 
eaft of Gaza. 
GIB'ELJNS, or Gibellins, a famous faftion in 
Germany and Italy, oppofed to another called the 
Guelphs, who were partizans of the emperors and 
popes in their endlefs difputes concerning ecclefiaftical 
affairs. See llie article Germany, in this volume. 
GIBEL'LO, a town of Italy, in the Paliavicin : two 
miles and a half north-eaif of Buffeto. 
GIB'EON, a city of Paleftine belonging to the tribe 
of Benjamin, fituated near the wildernefs of that name ; 
and was a city of the Levites of the houfe of Aaron or 
Kohath. It was the only city in Canaan that tamely 
fubmitted to Ifrael when they invaded that country ; 
for its inhabitants, the Hivites, by means of falfe pre- 
tences, prevailed upon Joftniato treat with them, which 
he could not afterwards revoke any farther than fub- 
jefling them to perpetual fervitude, which they wil¬ 
lingly accepted ; .'uid fo facred was this bond between 
them and Ifrael, that when Saul in his zeal flew the 
Gibeonites, th.e land of Ifrael fuft'ered a famine for 
three years during the reign of David, who appeafed 
the Divine vengeance by delivering feven of Saul’s fons 
to be put to death by the Gibeonites, who hanged them. 
Here Afahel, brother of Joab, was llain by Abner ; and 
here God appeared to Solomon at the commencement 
of his reign. Jofi. ix. xi. 19. xviii. 25. xxi. 17 
iSam.'n. 2.‘\.. iii. 30. xxi. 1-9. iKings,\\\. s- 
GlB'KONrr.li, f. .A.n inhabitant of Gibeon. 
GI'BER,y'. A laeercr ; one who turns others to ri» 
G I B 
dicule by contemptuous hints ; a fcoffer ; a taunter._ 
You are well underftood to be a more perfedt giber ol 
the table, than a necelfary bencher of the capitol. 
Shakefpeare. 
GI'BERT (Balthafar), an eminent profelTor of belles- 
lettres, born at Aix in 1662. His father, who was an 
advocate in the parliament of Provence, fent him to 
ftudy firft at Paris, and then at SoilTons, under the fa¬ 
thers of the Oratory. Returning to Paris, he attended 
the college of Harcourt and the Sorbonne ; and at the 
age of twenty-two was appointed to teach philofoph)’' 
at the college of Beauvais. In 1688 lie was made pro- 
fefTor of rhetoric in the college of Mazarin at Paris, 
which office he filled during more than fifty years, witli 
great reputation. He died in 17.^, at the age of fe- 
venty-nine. Gibert made himfelf known as a writer by 
feveral efteemed works. Thefe are, \. De la Veritable 
Eloquence. 2. Ref exions fur la Rhetor ique. 3. Jugemens des 
Savans fur les Auteurs qui out traite de la Rhetorique, 3 vols. 
i2mo. 4. Obfervations fur le Traite des Etudes de Rollin. 
5. Rhetorica juxta Ariftotelis DoBrinam, Dialogis explanata^ 
for the life of his pupils ; and the fame in French, en¬ 
larged and corredfed, under the title of. La Rhetorique, 
ou les Regies de I'Eloquence. He alfo pronounced Orations 
on feveral public occafions, which were printed. 
GI'BERT (John-Peter), a French ecclefiaftic, born 
at Aix in Provence, in 1660. He early commenced his 
ftudies at tlie Jefuits’ college in his native city, and Was 
thence transferred to the univerfity, where in regular 
courfe he was admitted to the degrees of dodlor in law, 
and in divinity. Having attradled the notice of M. du 
Chalucet, bifhop of Toulon, that prelate engaged him 
to teach theology in the feminary of that place, for 
fome time; but afterwards the affairs of his family 
obliged him to return to Aix, where he purfued the 
lame plan in the univerfity of that city. His predomi¬ 
nant inclination for ftudious retirement, however, foon 
led him to relinquifli that employment ; and in 1703 he 
left his native place, and removed to Paris, where he 
recommended himfelf to general efteem by the unaf- 
fefted fimplicity of his manners, his candour, and rea- 
dinefs to oblige. He died in 1736, turned of feventy-fix 
years of age. His works confift of, 7. Tlie Duties of a 
Chriftian, as laid down in the ii8th Pfalm, 1705,, 121110. 
2. Cafes of Pradlice, relating to the Sacraments, 1709, 
i2mo. 3. DoBrina Canonum in Corpore Juris incluforum, 
circa Confnfum Parentum ad Matrimonium Filioruni minorum, 
Difqulftio kiflorica, &c. 1709,121110. 4. Memoirs relat¬ 
ing to the Sacred Scriptures, Scholaftic Theology, and 
the Hiftory of the Church, 1710, 12100. 5. Ecclcfi- 
aftical Inftitutions, according to the Ciiftoms of France, 
1720, 4to. reprinted with important additions in 1736, 
2 vols. 4to. 6. The Cuftoms of the Gallican Cliurcli 
with refpedh to Cenfures and Irregularity, generally and 
particularly confidered, &c. 1724, 4to. 7. Tradition, 
or the Hiftory of the Church, with reference to the Sa¬ 
crament of Marriage, 1725, 3 vols. 410. 8. Canonical 
Confultations relating to the Sacraments, 1725, 12 vols. 
12 mo. 9. Corpus Juris Canonici per ReguTs naturali Or dine 
difpojitas, Ufuque temperatas, et aliunde defumptas, &c. 1736, 
3 vols. folio; together with Notes on Fevret’s Treatife 
on Abufes, and father Cabafl'ut’s Juris CanoniciTheoria et 
Praxis, &c. 
GIBER'TI (Giammateo), a learned prelate of the 
church of Rome, born at Palermo, the natural fon of 
Francefco Giberti, a Genoefe, admiral of the pope’s 
fleet. He vifited Rome at the age of twelve, where he 
foon diftinguiflicd himfelf by the qiticknefs of his parts, 
and his amiable difpofition and manners. Pope Cle¬ 
ment VII. appointed him his datary, and employed him 
ill legations to the king of France and other potentates. 
In 1523 he gave him the government of Tivoli, and in 
7524 created him bifhop of Verona. Such, however, 
was the confidence he placed in Giberti, that he ftill 
kept him at Rome, and made much life of his counfel. 
2 This, 
