G 1 B 
colourlefs, and perfectly fimilar to tlicfe found in the 
rocks near Briflol, and called Brijfol Jlones. Thefe cry. 
Itals are compofed of eighteen planes, difpofed in hex- 
angiilar coliunns, terminated at both extremities by 
hexangnlar pyramids. The larged of thofe that major 
Imrie law did not exceed one-fourth of an inch in 
length : they in general adhere to the rock by the (ides 
of the column,, but are detached without didiculty. 
Their great degree of tranlparency has obtained them 
the;name ot Gibraltar diamonds. 
The liibterraneous galleries in the rock of Gibraltar, 
begun by general lord Elliot, and finiihed by general 
O’Hara, are very extenfive ; they pierce the rock in fe- 
veral places and in various directions, and at various 
degrees of elevation ; all of them have a communica¬ 
tion with each other, either by flights of deps cut in 
the rock, or by wooden dairs where the padages are 
required to be very perpendicular. The centinels may 
now be relieved during a fiege from one pod to another 
in perfect fafety ; whereas, previoufly to the condruCt- 
ing of thefe galleries, a vail number of men were killed 
while marching to their feveral dations. The width of 
thefe galleries is about twelve feet„ their height about 
fourteen. The rock is broken throifgh in various 
places, both for the purpofe of giving light and for 
placing the guns to bear on the enemy. In dilFerent 
parts there are fpacious recedes, capable of accommo¬ 
dating a confiderable number of men. To thefe recedes 
they give names, fuch as St. Patrick’s Chamber, St. 
George’s Hall, &c. The whole of thefe lingular druc- 
tures have been formed out of the folid rock by blad¬ 
ing with gunpowder. A place called Smart’s Refer- 
voir is occalionally opened for infpeCtion, which is a 
great curiofity, and not generally permitted to be Ihewn. 
It is a fpring at a confiderable depth in the body of 
the rock, and is above feven hundred feet above the 
level of the fea ; you defeend into the cavern that con¬ 
tains it by a rope ladder, and with the aid of lighted 
candles proceed through a narrow padage over cry- 
flallized protuberances of tlie rock till you come to a 
hollow, which appears to have been opened by fome 
convullion of nature. Here, from a bed of gems, 
arifes the falutary fount, clear as the brilliant of the 
ead, and cold as the ificle. When redored to the light 
of day, you perhaps obtain the key of St. George’s 
Hall, which is upwards of an hundred feet in length, 
its height nearly the fame. It is formed in a lemi- 
circular part of the rock; fpacious apertures are 
broken through, where cannons of a very large cali¬ 
bre command the idhmus, the Spanilh lines, and a 
great part of the bay. The top of the rock is pierced 
through, fo as to introduce fuflicl’cnt light into every 
part of it. 
GIBRAL'TAR, a town of South America, in the 
country of Terra rirma, and province of Venezuela, 
fituated on the ead coad of the lake of Maracaibo ; 
in the environs of which is gathered the bed cocoa of 
the province, and an excellent kind of tobacco grows, 
of higJi edeem in Old Spain. The air is e.x.ceedingiy 
iinwholefome in the rainy feafon, on which account the 
merchants and planters generally retire at that time to 
Maracaibo. It is defended by fome fortidcations, but 
was taken by the French and burned in the year 1670 ; 
lifty miles fouth-fouth-ead of Maracaibo. Lac. 10.4. N. 
Ion. 49. 50. W . Ferro. 
GIB'SON (Richard), an Englifh painter, commonly 
called the Dwarf, was page to a lady at Mortlake; who, 
obferving that his genius led him to painting, had the 
generodty to get him indructed in the rudiments of 
that art-. He devoted himfeif to dr Peter Lely’s ma'i- 
ner, and copied his pidhires to admiration, elpecially 
his portraits : his paintings in water-colours were alio 
jefteemed. He was in great favour with Charles I. who 
made him his page j and he had the honour to indri.t't 
G I B 559 
in drawing queen Mary and queen Anne, w'hen they 
were princed'es. He married Mifs Anne Shepherd, who 
was alfo a dwarf; qn which occafion king Charles ho¬ 
noured their marriage with his prefence, and gave avray 
the bride. Mr. Waller wrote a poem on this occafion, 
entitled. The Marriage of the Dwarfs. Fenton, in his 
notes on this poem, obferves that he had feen this couple 
painted by dr Peter Lely ; and that they were of an 
equal dature, each being three feet ten inches high. 
However, they had nine children, dve of whom arrived 
at maturity, well proportioned, and of the ufual dand- 
ard of mankind. But what nature denied this couple 
in dature, Ihe gave them in length of days : for Mr. 
Gibfon died in the feventy-flfth year of his age; and 
ids wife, having furvived him almolt twenty years, died 
in 1709, aged eighty-nine. 
GIB'SON (Edmund), a learned Englifli prelate, born 
at Bampton in Wedmoreland, in 1669. He was initiated 
in grammar learning at the free fchool in his native 
town, whence, at the age of feventeen, he was fent to - 
Queen’s college, Oxford. During the year 1691 he was 
admitted to the degree of bachelor of arts ; arid allb 
od'ered'to the public the- drd fruits of his dudies, in a 
new edition of William Drummond’s Polemo-Middiana, 
and James V. of Scotland’s Cantilena Rujlica, 4to. In 
1692, by the advice of Dr. Mill, the learned editor of 
the Greek Tedament, he publiflied a Latin tranflation, 
together with the original, of that valuable renvain of 
Saxon antiquity, the Ckronicon Gaxoniewn, in 4(0. accom¬ 
panied with notes on the whole. Before rhe expiration 
of the fame year, likewife, he gave the public, in 4to. 
Librorum Manuferiptorum in duabus infignibus Bibliothecis, al¬ 
tera Tenifiona Londini, altera Dugdaliana Oxonii, Catalogus, 
with a dedication to Dr. Tcnilbn, at that time bilhop 
of Lincoln, and afterwards archbilfiop of Canterbury;- 
which proved the foundation of the author’s fubfe- 
quent fortune under the aufpices of that prelate. His 
next publication was a more corredl edition than had 
before appeared of Quintilian De Arte Oratoria, 1693, 
4to. which was followed, in 1694, by a new edition of 
Somner’s Treatife on the Roman Ports and Forts in 
Kent; and the fame author’s Julii Cafaris Portus Iccius 
illujiratvs, 8vo. with a, new dilfertation in defence of the 
author. During the lad-mentioned year, Mr. Gibfon 
commenced mader of arts ; and within the two lollow- 
ing years he was elefted a fellow of his college, and ad¬ 
mitted into deacon’s and pried’s orders. His embrac¬ 
ing the clerical life, however, did not prevent him 
from devoting a conliderable part of his dudies to the 
hidory and antiquities of his country ; and about the 
year 1695 he jniblifhed an Englifh tranflation of Cam¬ 
den’s Britannia, folio. This work was patrenifed by 
lord Somers, who, foon after its appearance, odered the 
author a living of two hundred pounds a-year in the 
ille of Thanet, which, on account of his ill-health, he 
declined. In 1696 Mr. Gibfon w'as appointed librarian 
at Lambeth, by Dr. Tenifon, then archbifltop of Can¬ 
terbury, who received him into his family ; aiul in the 
following year he was appointed morning preacher at 
Lambeth church, and produced Vita Thwnce'Bodtai, Eqitt- 
tis Aurati, together writh Hifioria Bibliothccte Bodldana, 
both prefixed to the Catalogi Librorum Manujeriptorum, in 
Anglia Hibernia, in unum ColleEli, 2 vols. foiio. In 169S 
he ptibliflied, in folio, Reliquiee Spelmanniano: ■, being the 
Podhumotis Works of Sir Henry Spelman, relating'to 
the Laws and Antiquities of Fmgland, together witli 
the Life of the Author. He was now made domefli"; 
chaplain to the archbifltop, through whole means he 
obtained the lebturelliip ot St. Martin’s in the Fields ; 
and, in 1700, w'as prelented to the redtofy of Stilted in 
Eflex, a peculiar ot the archbifliop’s. Mr. Giblon had 
not been long chaplain to Dr. Tenilon, before he under¬ 
took the defence of his rights, as prelident of tlte con¬ 
vocation, during the contelh between the two houles 
relating 
