5G8 GIL 
GILES, \_agidhti, Lat. a fliield, of Gr. a goat’s 
Ikir:.] A proper name of men. 
GILES OF Viterbo, a learned Italian prelate, de- 
fcended from an obfcure family in the city whence he 
took his furname ; and when eighteen years of age he 
embraced the monadic life among the hermits of St. 
Augurtine. He didinguiflied himfelf by the progrefs 
whicli he made in different branches of literature, and 
was appointed fucceflively profeffor of ph.ilofophy and 
theology in his order. He alfo acquired a high reputa¬ 
tion for pulpit oratory, and is fpoken of as one of the 
mod able preachers of his time. He was employed by 
pope Julius 11 . to open the council affembled at the La- 
teran in the year 1512 ; and in 1517 was fent legate into 
fjermany by pope LeoX. on which occafion he was pro¬ 
moted to a cardinal’s hat. Afterwards he was fent le¬ 
gate into Spain, and employed in many important nego. 
ciations. fie was at different periods nominated bifliop 
of Viterbo, Neni, Cadro, Sutri, and patriarch of Con- 
dantinoplc. He died at Rome in 1532. Among the 
vyorks v/hich he left behind iiim are, i. Remarks on the 
fird three Chapters of Genefis. 2. Commentaries on 
feme of the Pi'alms. 3. Dialogues. 4. Epidles. 5. 
Poems in Latin, &c. Fathers Martenne and Durand, 
in the third volume of their AmpliJJima ColkBio ve.tcrum 
Momnnmtorvm, have inferted many letters of this prelate 
and his correfpondents, which are intereding on account 
of tlie particulars contained in them relating to the events 
of tlte period in whicii he lived. 
<tII/GAL, [Heb. rolling.] A town of Paledine, 
fituated on the vveft bank of Jordan, eadward of Jericho, 
and probably in the tribe of Benjamin. Here th.e Ifra- 
elites encamped immediately after their paffage through 
Jordan; placing twelve dones takerffrom thence in this 
place ; from Gilgal alio they tooje the like number to 
place in the bed of Jordan, in commemoration of that 
event. Here alfo the ordinance of circumcifion was re¬ 
newed by Jolhua, from w hich circumdance it obtained 
ih<: m\mfi Gibeah-haaraloth, (i. e. the hill of the fore- 
Ikins,) and alfo Gilgal ; God having declared, he had 
rolled aw'ay the reproach of Egypt from plf them. Here 
iikewife they kept the padbver ; and it continued to be 
the head.quarters of the Ifraelitidi army during the con- 
qued of Canaan. Though in Scripture it is not exprefsly 
diled a city, yet it may be prefumed that was the cafe, 
as the prophet Samuel Came here yearly to adminider 
judice. Here he proclaimed Saul king; and here he 
dedroyed Agag king of the Amalekites; here alfo the 
men of Judah met king David on his return from his 
vi( 5 lory over Ablalom. JoJJi.iv. 19, 20. v. i-io. x. 15-43. 
1 Sam. vii. 16. xi. 15. xv. 33. 2 Sain. xix. 15. 
GIL'GAL HAM'NITHIM,/. [Heb. the rolling of 
the dead.] A tradition among the Jews, that at the 
coming of the Melliah, all the dead bodies of the Ifrael- 
ites, wherever they were buried, dtall roll underground 
to the holy land, and thence be raifed up at the refur- 
rection. Scott. 
GIL'GE, a town of Priidia, in the province of Sma- 
land : twenty-eight, miles north-wed of Koniglberg. 
GIL'GENBURG, a town of Prudia, in the province of 
Oberland : eighty miles fouth-fouth-vveli of Koniglberg. 
GILIBER'TIA, or Gilbertia, of Gmelin, the 
fame with the Quivisia of Cavanilles and Juflieu. See 
Gilbertia. 
GIL'IMER, or Gelimer, a defeendant of the famous 
Genleric, and the lad king of the Vandals in Africa. 
See the article Vandals. 
GIL'ITZSTAIN, a town of Germany, in the duchy 
of Carinthia : ten miles ead-north-ead of St. Veit. 
GILL (John), a learned Englidi nonconformid di¬ 
vine, of the baptid denomination, born at Kettering in 
Northamptonfhire, in 1697. His father, who was of the 
fame perfuafion, fept him early to a neighbouring gram- 
mar-fchool, where he fbon outdript his companions in 
his claiiical acquii'cments. He was then taken home to 
G I L 
affid in the bufinefs of his father ; though he poffenTed 
an unconquerable love of learning, and diligently im¬ 
proved the hours of leifure from budnel’s, not only to 
preferve, but greatly to extend, his acquaintance with 
cladical literature. Without any other afiidance than 
Buxtorf’s Grammar and Lexicon, he furmounted tlie 
difficulties of the Hebrew tongue, -fo as to be able to 
read the Hebrew Bible with great eafe and pleafure. In 
the mean time he had qierufed fuch books on theological 
and controverfial fubjefts, as confirmed him in the cal- 
vinidic principles in which he had been educated, and 
the didinguidiing tenet of the febt to w'hich his father 
belonged ; and as his mind was under the influence of 
drong religious impreffions, he was baptifed, and re¬ 
ceived into communion with the baptid church at Ket¬ 
tering, in 1716. He had not been long a member of this 
church, before he commenced preaching in private, and 
was foon afterwards called by the congregation to the 
occafional exercife of the mini dry in public. In 1719 
he was made pador of the baptid congregation in Horily- 
down, in London, when in the twenty-fecond year of his 
age ; the duties of which dtuation he difeharged for up¬ 
wards of fifty-one years ; and at the fame time purfued 
his literary dudies with wonderful alliduity, as is fuffi- 
ciently apparent from his voluminous and laborious pro- 
dubtions. When he had, in 1748, publidied the third 
volume of his Expofition of the New Tedainent, the 
degree of dobfor of divinity was conferred upon him by 
the Marifchal college of Aberdeen, In 1767, Dr. Gill 
extrabfed, for Dr. Kennicott’s ufe, the variations from 
the modern printed texts in the palfages of the Old 
Tedament quoted in the Talmuds, both of Jerufalera 
and Babylon, and in the Rabbolh ; for which Dr. Ken- 
nicott, in the date of his collation printed during the 
fame year, acknowledged himfelf highly indebted to 
him. By his very laborious application, however. Dr. 
Gill brought on a decay of nature, to which he fell a 
facrifice in 1771, in the feventy-fourth year of his age. 
His fentiments were driblly calvinidic ; and his moral 
condubt not only unimpeachable, but exemplary. He 
was the author of, i. An Expofition of the Old and New 
Tedament, in 9 vols. folio, publidied at different periods 
from 1746 to 1766, 2. A Body of Divinity, 1769 and 
1770, in 3 vols. 4to. 3. The Caufe of God and Truth, 
1735, in defence of Calvinifm againd the Arminians. 
4. A Supplenient to Mr. Whidon’s Effay towards re- 
doring the true Text of the Old Tedament, 1723, Svo. 
intended to vindicate the divine authority and fpiritual 
fenfe of Solomon’s Song. 5. The Prophecies of the Old 
Tedament refpebting the Mediaii, confidered, and proved 
to be literally fulfilled in Jelus, 1728, Svo. chiefly writ¬ 
ten in anfwer to Collins’s Scheme of literal Prophecy 
confidered. 6. A treatife On the Doblrine of the Tri¬ 
nity, 1731, Svo. 7. A Differtation on the Antiquity of 
the Hebrew Language, Letters, Vowel Points, and Ac¬ 
cents, 1767, Svo. together with numerous lingle fer- 
mons, controverfial tratfs on haptifm, &c. 
GILL, a towndiip of the American States, in Hamp- 
fliire county, Mallachuletts, on the wed bank of Con- 
neblicut river. 
GILL,y. \_agiilla, Span, guta, Lat.] The apertures 
at each fide of a fifii’s head.—Fillies perform refpiration 
under water by the gills. Ray. 
The leviathan. 
Stretch’d like a prcmon.tory, deeps or fwims, 
And feems a moving land, and at his 
Draws in, and at his trunk fpouts out, a fea, Milton. 
The flaps that hang below the beak of a fowl.—The 
turkeycock hath great and fwelling gills, and the hen 
hath lefs. Bacon. —The flefli under the chin.—Like the 
long bag of fle.di hanging down from the gills of the 
people in Pis-dmont. Swift. —[From gilla, barbarous 
Latin.] A meafure of liquids, containing the fourth 
part of a pint.—Every bottle mud be rinced wfith wine : 
a gill 
