5L6 G L a 
eyes-, fpace between tlie two fpots, black; tliroat and 
fore part of the neck white, funounded by a brown 
line likeacollar; breafl: and tinder parts wh.itilh ; quills 
diiiky ; tail forked ; legs blackifli. I,t makes its neft 
on tlie fandy fliores of rivers; and is always found in 
the neip'ibourhood of ftreanis. It inhabits Germany, 
and is laid to lay feven eggs. It is a reftlefs noify bird. 
A (econd variety of this fpecies is called the Maldi¬ 
vian pratincole; nine inches in length. Bill black; 
irides red brown ; head and upper parts of the body 
utnber-colour ; win^-coverts red biov/n ; throat wliite 
furrounded with a black band ; quills and tail black; 
rump, belly, and vent, white.. Native of the Maldivia 
liles. 
There is a third variety of this fpecies, with the head 
deep brown; neck, back, and wing-coverts, rufous 
grey ; quills brown ; under wing-coverts red br.ow-n ; 
upper tail-coverts white ; breall and belly pale brown ; 
thighs and vent white ; bill and legs black ; irides red 
brown. Found about Madras, and other parts of the 
Coromandel coal! in Hindoollan. 
2. Glareola Senegalenfis, the Senegal pratincole : 
length nine inclics and a half; bill eleven lines long, 
and brow'n ; general colour of the plumage brown ; 
tail forked as in the oth.ers ; legs brown. This is an 
Atrican I'pecies, and inhabits Senegal. 
3. Ghreola nasvia, the I'potted pratincole: this is 
about the lize of a thrufli. Bill black; head, neck, 
bread, and tipper part of the belly, fpotted with brown 
ar. d white ; upper parts of the body brown, but the 
fpots lels dillinct; belly, lides, and vent, rufous white, 
Ipotted witli bhick ; quills black ; fecond quills black 
and alh-colour; tail whitifli tipped with black; legs 
and cere above the knees of this lad colour. It inha¬ 
bits the gravelly (hores of Germany. 
GLAREO'SK, [from^/are.] Glareous; vifeous. 
Scott. 
GLA'REOUS, adj. [_glaireux, Fr. glareofus, Lat. from 
glaire.'] Conliding of vilcous tranfparent matter, like 
the white of an egg. 
GLA'RING, adj. Applied to any thing notorious : 
as, a glaring crime. 
GLA'RIS, or Glarus, a canton of Sw-ilferland, and 
eighth in the order of the league, furrounded with lofty 
mountains on all fides except towards the north ; thefe 
mountains, covered with eternal fnow, are called gla¬ 
ciers. In the lower parts fruit trees flourifli very well ; 
the inhabitants cultivate but little grain : their princi- 
pial riches ariling Irom their meadows and padures. 
Thefe padures in the Alps are of a fuperior quality ; 
medicinal plants are abundant, fo as even to become an 
ob jeiT of commerce. The Alps of Glaris afford a large 
field not only tor the botanift, but for natural hidory in 
general, in a prodigious variety of uncommon plants, 
divers metals and minerals, crydals, medicinal fprings, 
petrifactions, large date, which forms a confiderable ar¬ 
ticle of exportation, &:c. It is fuppofed that ten thou- 
fand head of cattle and four thouland Iheep may be fed 
during the lummer feafon on the mountains of this can¬ 
ton. In tlie main, however, thefe didcrent prodtuTions 
of the Alps cannot compenfate for the inconveniences 
ariling from a cold and mountainous country. The 
great extent occupied by rocks, precipices, inacceflible 
foreds, barren heaths, and perpetual fnow, lell’en the 
enjoyment of man, culture, and population; frequent 
inundations are caufed by hidden thaws or rain, always 
more abundant in mountainous countries ; to thefe may 
be added the falls of fnow, of earth and rocks from the 
mountains, dorms and tempeds. Glaris formerly be¬ 
longed to the abbey of Seckingen, in Swabia. Towards 
the end of the thirteenth century, it became, as a def, 
fubjecl to the emperor Rodolphus I. of the houfe of 
Audria. In 13,51, being oppreHed by the houfe of 
Audria, tiie people of Glaris entered into an alliance 
with the cantons of Schweitz, Lucerne, Zurich, Under. 
G L A 
walden, and Uri; by whofe aflidance they became free, 
and enjoyed their liberties unmoleded till 1388, when 
the Andrians made an irruption into the canton, v.itha 
force fudicient, as they fuppofed, totally to fubdue it ; 
pillaging the country, and malfacreing the inhabitants. 
It was then that 330 troops of Glaris, adided by thirty 
Switzers, re/ided the whole drergth of the Audrian 
army ; the former were polled advantageoufly upon the 
mountains, and the latter, to the number of 15,000, at 
a village called N^fels. In this fituation the Audrians 
began the attack ; but were foon compelled to retreat 
with great precipitation, by a lliower of dones poured 
upon tlicm from the heights : in this moment of confu- 
fion, the inhabitants rufhed down upon the enemy with 
fuch redoubled fury, that they broke their rai.ks ; and 
after an immenfe daughter, forced the remainder to re¬ 
tire from the canton. In 1523, the reformed religion 
was introduced into this country, but the religious war 
between the cantons, in 1531, prevented its becoming 
univcrfal. The government is purely democratic ; every 
perfon who is dxteen years of age has a vote in the 
landfgcmeind, or general adembly, which, except on 
extraordinary occafions, is only held yearly, in tlie 
month of May. This general adembly has a right to 
make new laws, levy contributions, make alliances, and 
treat of war or peace. The executive power is en- 
truded to a landrath, or council, compofed of forty- 
eight protedant members and dfteen Roman catholics. 
The chief of the republic is called landamman, who is 
alternately chofen from the two religions, only with this 
did'erence, that when a protedant, his office continues 
three years, and when a catholic, only two. Every man 
from the age of dxteen to dxty is obliged to regider 
himfelf in the national militia. The contribution of 
this canton for the army of the confederacy is four hun¬ 
dred men. The whole population amounts to more than 
dxteen thoufand fouls. 
GLA'RIS, a town of Swiderland, and capital of the 
above-mentioned canton, dtuated upon the Linth ; large 
and populous. The town-houle is a handforae druc- 
ture. The hofpital and the church ferve both for pro- 
tedants and Roman catholics. It is the feat of jultice, 
and the alfemblies of the people were long held here in 
the open air, according to the cudom of the ancient 
Gauls and Germans : thirty-two miles ead of Lucerne. 
Lat. 26. 58. N. Ion. 26. 4.0. E. Ferro. 
GLA'SENDORF, a town of Bohemia, in the circle 
of Konigingratz : fix miles north-north-wed of Trau- 
'tenau. 
GLA'SENDORF, a town of Sileda, in the principa¬ 
lity of Neide : ten miles and a half fouth-welt of Patfcli- 
kau. 
GLAS'GOW, a large and populous city of Scotland, 
in the county of Lanerk, dtuated on the banks of the 
Clyde, which, by an aid of parliament, and at a cond- 
derablc expence, has been within thefe lad forty years 
made navigable for velfels drawing feven feet dx inches 
w-ater. It was formerly the fee of a bidiop, faid to 
have been founded in the dxth century, and erebted 
into an archbidiopric in the fifteenth. '1 he cathedral 
efcaped the ill-direfted zeal of the reformers, and dill 
remains a venerable monument of Gothic architecture. 
In 1172, Glafgow was erefted into a royal borough; 
and in 1611, the city received a charter from James VI. 
and, in 1636, another from diaries I. with confiderable 
power and privileges, which charters were confirmed 
by aCts of parliament in 1661 and 1690. The principal 
trade of Glafgow formerly was the curing and export¬ 
ing of falmon and herrings, the principal market lor 
which was France, from whence they imported wines, 
brandy, and fait. But it is from the year 1707, in 
which the union between Scotland and England took 
place, that we are to date the. profperity of Glafgow. 
By the union, the American trade was laid open to the 
inhabitants: and fo fenfible were they of their advan¬ 
tageous 
