loii. 
G L O U C 
perate defence tlie garrifon upon it made, to prevent 
tlie Britiili fleet from pafling up to Philadelphia. The 
toil of this county is a mixture of fand and loam, and 
the traft bordering on the Delaware is in a h'gh date of 
cultivation. The chief produiflions are beef, pork, 
flfl), hay, corn, lumber, butter, cheefe, &:c. It is di¬ 
vided into ten townfliips, viz. Woodbuiy, Waterford, 
Newtown, Gloucelter Townfliip, Gloucefler Town, 
Deptford, Greenwich, Woolwich, Egg Harbour, and 
Galloway, 'i'he firfl eight lie along the Delaware, and 
the other two on the ocean. Mulicus river divides this 
county from Btn lington, and is navigable twenty miles 
for velTels of /ixty tons. Maurice river rifes here, runs 
foutherly about forty miles througli Cumberland county 
into Delaware bay, is navigable for veffels of one hun¬ 
dred tons fifteen miles, and for fliallops ten miles far- 
tlier. It contains 13,172 inhabitants. There are found 
in this county quantities of bog iron ore, which is ma- 
nuiactured into pig and bar iron, and hollow ‘ware. 
Here is alfo a glai's manufadtory. Cliief town, Wood¬ 
bury, nine miles fouth of Philadelphia. 
GLOU''CESTER, a county of the American States, 
in Virginia, remarkably fertile, and well cultivated, 
bounded north by Piankitank river, which feparates it 
from Middlelex ; cafi: by Matthews county, and Cltefa- 
peak Bay ; north-wefi by King and Queen ; fouth and 
iouth-wefi by York river, which divides it from York 
county. It is about fifty-five miles in length, and thirty 
in breadtli, and contains 13,498 inhabitants. The low 
lands Jiere produce excellent barley, and Indian corn, 
■vviiich is tlie llaple produce of the county. 
GLOU'CKS'l EK , or Cape A.xn, a townfliip of the 
American States, in Elfex county, Mairachufletts, whole 
caft point forms tlie nortii fide of the Bay of Malfa- 
chuflets. It contains 5317 inhabitants, and is divided 
into rive parifbe-, and has befides a lociety of Univer- 
lalilts. It is a poff-town, and port of entry. The har¬ 
bour is very open, and accellible to large fhips ; and is 
one of the moll confi'derable filhing towns in the com¬ 
monwealth. At the harbour are fitted out annually 
from fixty to feventy bankers; and from Squam and 
Sandy Bay, two final 1 out-ports, the bay rifliery is car¬ 
ried on with great fpirit, and to a large amount. The 
exports tor one year, ending Sept. 30, 1794, amounted 
in value to 229,613 dollars. Thatclier’s ifland, on whicli 
are two lights of equal height, lies clofe to the foutli- 
eait fide of the townfliip, which is itfelf joined to the 
continent by a beach of fand which is very rarely over¬ 
flowed by the water. There is a very fine white fand 
here fit for making glafs. I'he harbour is defended by 
a battery and citadel, eredled in 1795 : fixteen miles 
north-ealt by eatt of Salem, and thirty-four iiortli-eafl: 
of Boflon. 
GLOU'CESTER, a towmfliip of the American States, 
and the largeft, in Providence county, Rhode Ifland, 
having Conneclicut on the weft, and Mafl’achufletts on 
the north ; and contains 4025 inhabitants. 
GLOU'CESd ER, a final! town in Gloucefter county. 
New Jerfey, on the eaft fide of Delaware river, three 
miles below Philadelpliia. It was formerly the county 
toivn, but has now' fcarcely the appearance of a village. 
GLOU'CESTER, a pofl-town of the American 
States, in Virginia, fltuated in the county of its own 
name, on a point of land on the north flde of York Ri- 
ver, partly oppoiite York 1 own, and about feventeeii 
miles diftant. 
GLOU'CESTER, in the territory of the Hudfon’s 
Bay company, is fltuated on the nortli fide of Muiqiia- 
cobafton Lake, one hundred and twenty miles well of 
Ofnaburgh. Lat. 51. 24. N. Ion. 86. 59. W. 
GLOU'CESTER ISLAND, an ifland in the South 
Pacific Ocean, about two leagues long, and a mile wide, 
furrounded with rocks, againll which the fea beats with 
great violence. It is inhabited, and the men appeared 
VoL. Vlll, No. 531. 
ESTER. 
armed with long pikes or poles. Lat. 19. ^5. 
140. 4. W. Greenwicli. 
GLOU'CESTER ISLANDS, two iflands in the South. 
Pacific Ocean. One, lat. 20. 38. S. Ion. 146. Y. . Gi een- 
wicb. The other, iat. 20. 34. S. Ion. 146. jj.Vv. 
Greenwich. 
GLOU'CESTERSHIRE, an inland county of Eng¬ 
land, bounded on the north by Worcefterfliire and Y'pr- 
wickfliirc ; on the eaft by Gxfordfliire ; on the femth by 
Wiltlhire and Somerfetlhire ; and on the vveft by Mon- 
mouthfliire, the Briftoi Channel, and Herefordimre. li¬ 
lies in the province of Canterbury, tlie diocele cf its 
own name, and is included in tlie Oxford circuit. It 
contains one thoufand three hundred I'qndre miles, cr 
eight luindred and tliirty-two thoufand acres, being 
fixty-tliree miles long, forty-feven broad, and two Iuuk 
di ed and fixty miles in circumference ; comprifing thirty 
hundreds, and two hundred and eighty pariflies. 
Tlie county is divided into two uneqtial parts by the 
Severn, which, entering Gloucefterlhire a little above 
Tewkelbury, and joined by tlie current of the Avon, 
haftens to djfl'ufe fertility over the fpacions vale through 
which it flows. The lower part of its wellern boundary, 
remarkable for tlie piftiirefque feenery of its borders, 
is formed by the Wye, which, reaching this county a 
little below Rofs in Herefordfiiirc, feparates it tor the 
reft of its progrels from the county of Monmouth. 
Its I'outh-weflern extremity is divided from Soiiierlet- 
fliire by tlie Lower Avon, which, though unequal to 
the Warvvickfliire Avon in the beauty of its -flream, 
runs between more romantic banks, and forces its paJ'- 
fage-to the fea, through St. Vincent’s rocks, below the 
city of Brillol, a coiiflderable part of which lies in 
Gloucefterfliire, tliough, as a county of itfelf, it is 
governed by its own niagiflrates. The tides from 
St. George’s Channel, meeting with the powerful tide 1 
from the Atlantic, enter the mouths of the Severn and 
its tributary flreams witli a rapid influx ; and, rolling 
on with a lofty head, received from our earliefl iiilto- 
rians the name of the Hydra. 
Tims Gloucefterfliire feems naturally divided into 
three longitudinal flripes, or dil'tricts, which in many 
rcfpedls differ materially from each other. The eaflern 
Itripe, which is much the wideft, is called the Cotjivold. 
This is a long traft of elevated ground, for the moft 
part bleak and bare, yet affording in many places a fiioi t 
fine grafs for pafhirage, and a iiiofl clear and falubrious 
air. The rides of this long range are extremely beauti¬ 
ful as tliey link into the vale, extending from the hills 
of Stinchcomb and Nibley in the fouth, to tliat of Bre- 
don in tlie north. The middle flripe is tlie fpacioiis 
and extenfive va.lc bordering on the Severn, wliofe fer¬ 
tile paftures maintain a great abundance of fine cattle ; 
and funiifli the kingdom with tiiat excellent cheefe for 
which the county is juflly famous. This vale, com¬ 
municating with that of Eveftiam of more contrailted 
dimenfioiis, lias received, for no aflignablc reafon, the 
fame general title. The weftern flripe, which is by 
nuicli the fliortefl diftridt, is wholly varied with hill 
and dale; and is chiefly occupied by the foreft of 
Deane, once reckoned the chief fupport of the Englilh 
navy, and whicli it is fkid the Spanifli armada was ex- 
prelsly commiflioaed to dellroy. 'I'he forefl is now 
rhinned of its oak by frequency of felling, and narrowed 
by increafe of cultivation; but a few folitary deer Itill 
continue to run wild in its receffes. 
The foil differs much in difl'ereiit parts. On tlie 
Cotfwold hills it is in general loamy, witli Hones ; tlie 
earth fliallow, feldom allowing tlie plougli to enter 
more than four or five inches, beneath whicli is gene¬ 
rally a kind of llmeflonc. In I'ome places the land is 
fliff and four. About I'airford and Cirencelter the foil 
is richer and deeper. The farms in general are large ; 
grettt quantities of flieep arc fed here, formerly celc- 
7 U brated 
