G L Y 
iiial, twining; leaves ternate; leaflets fuboval, quite 
entire; peduncles fubtriflorous. Stem flirubby, flender, 
twining, five or fix feet high, and more, red, branched, 
leafy. Alinolt the witole plant is covered with hairs 
prefled clofc. It flowers from April to June. Native 
of New Soutli Wales, whence it was introduced about 
the fame time with tite foregoing. 
25. Glycine coccine I, or fcarlet glycine: leaves ter¬ 
nate ; leaflets roundifli, waved. Shrubby, climbing, 
growing to the lieight of many feet, if fupported, and 
producing a great number of flowers on its pendant 
branches. Flov/ers'for the moft part in pairs, of a glow¬ 
ing fcafiet colour, at the bafe of the keel fomewhat in¬ 
clined to purple ; the bottom of the banner is decorated 
with a large yellow fpot, verging to green. It flowers 
from April to Jnne. Introduced lately from New South 
Wales. 
Propagation and Culture. Few of thefe plants liave yet 
been cultivated in this country. The eighth and tenth 
are hardy enough to live in the open air in England ; 
they may be propagated by feeds, or parting of the 
roots ; the former is the bell method where good feeds 
can be obtained: thefe may be fown on a bed of light 
earth in the fpring, and, if the feafon Ihould prove dry, 
■they muft be frequently refreflied with water, ovherwile 
they will remain a long time in the ground before they 
vegetate: when the plants come up, they mult be kept 
clean from weeds in the fummer, and in the autumn, 
when their llalks are decayed, if fome rotten tanners’ 
bark is fpread over the furface of the ground, it will 
protedf the roots from being injured by the frolt. In 
tJte fpring, the roots Ihould be tranfplanted to the places 
tvhere they are deligned to remain, which mult be in a 
warm flielteied fituation, but not too much expofed to 
the fun, and in a light foil, where they w’ill thrive and 
produce flowers annually. If thefe are propagated by 
parting of the roots, it Ihould be done in tlie fpring, 
before tlie roots begin to Ihoot: but they fliould not be 
parted oftener than every third year, for, if they be fre¬ 
quently removed, they will not flower fo llrong. The 
tenth being the molt tender of the two, the feeds may 
for greater fecurity be fown in a hot-bed; and fome 
ot the plants kept in the green-houfe, or againlt a fouth 
■wall, to be protedted occafionally in fevere weather 
with dung put to their roots. The nineteenth is propa¬ 
gated by parting tlie roots, and each of the tubers will 
grow; the bell time for this is the end of March or be¬ 
ginning of April, before they put out llioots. The roots 
fliould be planted in a warm iituation, and in hard froll 
covered with tan or mulch to protedl tliem, otherwife 
they will not live abroad in this country : where tliey 
have been planted againlt a fouth wall they have thriven 
and flowered extremely well, which they feldom do in 
any other Iituation; and thole roots which are planted 
in pots rarely flower, nor do their llalks rife near fo 
high as thofe w hich are planted in the full ground.’ The 
tw'entieth is to be increafed by laying down the young 
branches in Odtober, which will be rooted well by that 
time twelvemonth, elpecially if they are duly watered 
in dry weatlter, and may then be tranfplanted, eitlier in 
a nurfery for a year to get llrength, or to the place 
■where they are to remain for good, which Ihould be in 
a warm light foil alid a Iheltered fituation, where they 
will endure the cold of our ordinary winters very well; 
and if their roots are covered with llraw, fern, peafe- 
haulm, or any other light covering, there will be no 
danger of tlicir being dellroyed by the frolt. The reft 
mull be kept in the bark Hove; but Mr. Curtis thinks 
that No. 23 and 24, may probably fucceed in the open 
air, in warm Iheltered lituaiions, if protected a little in 
inclement fealbns. See Abrus, and Hedysarum. 
GLYCYRRi-il'ZA,y'. [from the Greek yAvjtt;;, fweet, 
and a root.] LittuoRiCE; in botany, a genus of 
the cials diadelpiiia, order decandria, natural order of 
papilionaceae, or leguiuinofa;. Tlie generic charadters 
G L Y 
are—Calyx: perianthium one-Ieafed, tubular, two¬ 
lipped, permanent: upper lip three-parted ; the lateral 
fegment linear, the middle one broader, bifid; lower 
entirely fimple, linear. Corolla: papilionaceous; ban¬ 
ner ovate-lanceolate, flraight, Idnger; wings oblong, 
very like the keel, but a little larger ; keel two-petalled, 
acute, with a claw the length of the calyx. Stamina : 
filaments diadelphous, (fimple and nine-cleft,) flraight; 
antherse limple, roundilh. Piftillunr; germ Ihorter than 
the calyx ; ftylc fubulate, the length of the llamens ; 
ftigma obtufe, afeending. Pericarpium : legume ovate 
or oblong, comprelTed, acute, one-celled. Seeds : very 
few, kidney-form .—EJfential CharaBer. Calyx two-lipped; 
upper lip three-parted, lower undivided ; legume ovate, 
comprclfed. 
Species, i. Glycyrrhiza echinata, or prickly-headed 
liquorice: legumes prickly ; leaves ftipuled, with the 
teintinating leaflet feflile. Thefe are tall-growqng, pe¬ 
rennial, herbaceous, plants, with the llalks fomewhat 
woody at the bottom. The ftipules are diftin^h from 
the petiole. The flowers in a head or fpike, from tlie 
axils, and at the end of the branches. The feed-vellel 
a legume or pod, fmooth, hairy, or prickly. The firft 
fpecies' has llalks and leaves very like thofe of the fe- 
cond, but the flowers are produced in fliorter fpikes, 
and the pods are very fliort, broad at their bafe, end in 
acute points, and are armed with lharp prickles. It 
flowers from April to June, and in warm feafons will 
perfedl feeds in England. Native of Monte Gargano 
in Apulia, of the northern provinces in China, and of 
Tartary. Cultivated by Gerarde in 1596. 
2. Glycyrrliiza glabra, or common liquorice : legumes 
fmooth, no ftipules, the terminating leaflet petioled. 
The roots run very deep into the ground, and creep to 
a confiderable diftance, efpecially where they Hand long 
unremoved. From thefearife llrong herbaceous llalks, 
four or five feet high. Leaves compofed of four or five 
pairs of ovate leaflets, terminated by an odd one : thefe 
and the llalks are clammy, and of a dark green. Flov/ers 
in axillary fpikes. Handing eredl, and of a pale blue co¬ 
lour. Pods Ihort, containing two or three feeds. Native 
of the fouth of Europe, in France, Spain, and Italy; alfo 
of China. Cultivated in China, Germany, England, &c. 
Here particulai ly about Pontefradl in Yorklhire, Work- 
fop in Nottinghamlhire, and Godalmin in Surrey; and of 
late years there has been much railed in the gardens near 
■London. It appears from Turner’s Herbal, that it was 
cultivated in England in 1562 : and Stow informs us^ 
that “the planting and growing of licorifli begun about 
the firft year of queen Elifabeth,” (1558.) Gerarde 
(1597) relates, that he had plenty in his garden; and 
that the poor people of the north parts of England ma¬ 
nured it with great diligence, whereby they obtained 
great plenty thereof. Ray affirms, that the liquorice 
root of Englilh produce is fuperior to the foreign. The 
quantity now exported from Spain is faid to be annually 
not lefs than four thoufand quintals, or nearly two liun- 
dred tons, a confiderable part of which is fuppofed to 
be purchafed by the porter brewers in London. Liquo¬ 
rice root contains a great quantity of faccharine matter, 
with fome proportion of mucilage. Lightly boiled in a 
little Water, it gives out nearly all its fweetnels; the de- 
codlion, prefled through a llrainer, and infpilfaced witli 
a gentle heat till it will no longer Hick to the fingers, 
affords a better extradl than that brought from abroad, 
and its quantity amounts to near halt the weiglit of the 
root. Reblified fpirit takes up the fweet mutter of the 
liquorice equally with water; and as it diflolves much 
lefs of the inlipid mucilage, the fpirituous tinflure and 
extrabl are fweetcr than the watery. Liquorice is in 
common ufe as a peiSloral or emollient in catarrhal de- 
fliiflionson the breull, coughs, hoarfenelfes, &c. The 
inf/iilions or extradls are commodious veliicles tor other 
medicines. 
3. Glycyrrhiza lurfuta, or hairy liquorice : legumes 
1 htrfute. 
