GOD 
of St. Aiiguftine. Upon the promulgation of this doc¬ 
trine,a council was fummoned to meet atMentz, in 84S, 
to which Godefchalc prefented a juttihcation of his 
opinions, and rcfolutely perlided in maintaining them 
to be confident with the Scriptures, and tlie fenfe of tlie 
ortliodox fathers. The council, liowever, palled a I'en- 
tenee of co.ndemnation on him, and fent him in cuftody 
to Hincmar archbifliop of Rheims, within whofe jurit- 
diction he had received the priefthood. Hincmar ailem- 
bled a council at Quiercy, in 849, in which Godefchalc 
was condemned a lecond time, and ordered to be treated 
in a manner equally repugnant to the principles of reli- 
o-ion, and the dictates of humanity. He was degraded 
from the priefthood, and fcourged in the feverclt man¬ 
ner, until the force of his paiji overpowering liis con- 
ftancv, obliged him, in compliance with the commands 
of his perfecutors, to throw into the fire the juftification 
of his opinions which he had delivered to the council 
of Mentz. After thefe proceedings, the unfortunate 
monk tvas committed clofe prifoner to the monaftery of 
Hautvilliers, in the diocefe of Rheims. While Godef¬ 
chalc lay in prifon, his doctrine gained him followers, 
his fufferings excited companion, and both together pro¬ 
duced a confiderable fchifm in the Latin church. As 
the fpirit of controverfy ran high between the contend¬ 
ing parties, Charles tlie Bald fummoned a council to 
meet at Quiercy, in 853, in which, by the credit and 
influence of Hincmar, the decrees of the former council 
were confirmed, and Godefchalc was again condemned. 
But the decrees of this council were declared null, and 
Godefchalc and his doftrine vindicated and defended, 
in a council aliembled at Valence in Dauphiny, in 855 ; 
the decrees of vvhich were confirmed in the council of 
Langres, held in 839, and that of Toufi, held in 860. 
Sucii was the origin of the famous difputes concerning 
predeftination and grace, which from that time 'have di¬ 
vided the catholic woild into two parties, and which 
have alfo fublifted in full force among the proteftants. 
In 1630, the celebrated Maguin publilhed at Paris, in 
two volumes quarto, a collection of the early treatifes 
produced on both fides of this controverfy, entitled, 
Veterwri AuBo. inn qid nono S^tculo de Pradcjlinatione & Gralia 
Jcrip/erunt, &c. 1 he unfortunate Godefchalc died in 
prifon about the year S69, maintaining with his laft 
breath the doCtrine for which he had fuffered. None 
of his writings have reached our times, excepting two 
Confeilions of Faith, inferted in the celebrated Ulher’s 
Hiftoria Godefchalc:, printed at Dublin in 1661, 4to. 
An Epiftle to Ratramuus, preferved in Cellot’s Hiftoria 
Godefchalci, publifned at Paris in 1633 ; and Fragments 
of other pieces noticed by Cave, in his Hift. Lit. vol. ii. 
GOD'F ATHER, y. The fponfor at the font.—Con¬ 
firmation, a profitable ufage of the church, tranfcribed 
from the apoftles, confifts in the child’s undertaking in 
his own name the baptifmal vow; and, that he may 
more folemnly enter this obligation, bringing (ome godr 
father with him as his procurator. Hammond. —See Bap¬ 
tism, vol. ii. p. 699. 
GOD'FREY, [of Dob, Sax. God, or good, and 
or ppebe, peace, q. d. godlike peace.] A proper name. 
GOD'FREY OF Bouillon, commander of the firft 
crufade, and made king of Jerulalem, was the fon of 
Euftacc II. count of Boulogne, and in his mother’s right 
was heir of the Lower Lorrain. When the religious en- 
thufiafm of the times fet on foot an expedition for the 
recovery of the Holy Land, Godfrey was one of the firft 
and moft illuftrious of the princes who took the crofs, 
and the command of the principal army was entrufted 
to him in acknowledgment of his luperior talents and 
virtues. It is agreed by hiftorians, that of all the lead¬ 
ers none was at'tuated by purer motives ; and the pru¬ 
dence and moderation of his charaiiter v.'ell fitted him 
for direiling the motions of a furious and dilunited band. 
He was accompanied by two of his brothers ; Euftace, 
who had fucceeded to the county of Boulogne, and 
GOD 
Baldtvin. With a diminiflied army, he at length pro¬ 
ceeded to the great objedt of the enterprife, theconqueft 
ot Jerufalein. TJie liege of this famous city began in¬ 
line, 1099, and it was carried by ftorm on July 13. The 
lurious tanaticilm of the vitfors indulged itfelf in a hor¬ 
rid maftacre ot the vanquilhed, which Godfrey was pro¬ 
bably unable to prevent. Eight days after the conqueft, 
the unanimous voice ot the army proclaimed Godfrey 
fovereign of the new acquifition. He was loon called 
again into the field to oppofe the fultan of Egypt, who 
advanced againft the Chriftians with a vaft but undifei- 
pliiied holt. This was completely overthrown-at the 
battle ot Alcalon by th^ luperior valour and (kill of the 
Chriftians, and the redudtion of all Paleltine was the 
conlequence of their provvefs. Godfrey eltablillied the 
feudal iiiftitution in his new kingdom ; and a code of 
jurilprudence, under the title of The Aflize of Jerufa- 
lem, which gave a model of the pureft form of European 
liberty in the midft of Afiatic defpotifm. But he did. 
not long occupy a throne which he adorned. After a 
year’s reign, he died in July, 1100, and was fucceeded 
by his brother Baldwin, d'he tame of Godfreyis im- 
mortalil'ed as the hero of Talfo’s Jerufalein Delivered, 
one ot the fineft of epic poems. 
GOD'FREY OF Viterbo, a writer of the twelfth' 
century, luppofed to be either a native of that Italian, 
city, or to have derived his anceftry thence ; but, from 
the circumftance ot his receiving his early education at 
Bamberg, and palling the greateft part of his life in Ger¬ 
many, a lulpicion has arifen that Wittemberg, and not 
Viterbo, was the place of his birth, and one of the ma- 
nuferipts of his work entitles him IVittembergenJis. He 
Was. chaplain and fecretary of the emperors Conrad III. 
Frederic I. and Henry IV. His chronicle, entitled Pan¬ 
theon, as treating on the'gods of earth, is dedicated to 
pope Urban III. and is a general hiftorical record from 
the creation ot the ivorld to the year 1186. It is written 
in.Latin, with a mixture of profe and verfe, tainted with 
barbarilm ; yet he is reckoned worthy of credit for the 
events ot his own time. This work was firll printed at 
Bahl in 1339; atterwards at Frankfort in 1384, and at 
Hanover in 1613, in the colleiilion of German hiftorians 
edited by Piftorius. Muratori has reprinted in his col- 
letlion that part which relates to Italy, beginning with 
the fourth century. Another work of this author, en¬ 
titled Speculum Regum, Jive de Gencalogia omnium Regum, Sc. 
is preterved in manufeript in the imperial library ot 
Vienna. 
GODHEAB', or Good Hope, a fettlement of Weft: 
Greenland. Lat.64. 23.N. Ion. 30. 10. W. Greenwich. 
GOD'HEAD,^. Godlhip ; deity ; divinity ; divine 
nature: 
- At the holy mount 
Of heav’n’s high-feated top, th’imperial throne 
Oi godhead, fix’d for ever'firm and lure. Milton. 
GO'DIN (Louis), an able aftronomer,, born at Paris 
in 1704; ftudied aftronomy under the de I’llles, and in 
1723 was made adjunct of the academy of Iciences. The 
academy afterwards entrulled him with the care of ediU- 
ing its Memoirs, and he fuperintended the publication 
of eleven volumes. In 1733, when the academy fent 
fome of its members to Peru, to meafure a degree of the 
meridian, Godin was placed at the head of the under¬ 
taking. He was fome time profelfor of mathematics 
at Lima; and having returned to Europe in 1731, he 
was next year appointed a colonel in the Spanifli fervice, 
and diredtor of the naval academy at Cadiz, where he 
died in 1760. His literary labours were : i. Machines (3 
Inventions apprcfuvees par PAcademie des Sciences, Paris, iq2S:> 
6 vols. 4to. 2. Index to the Memoirs of the Academy 
from 1666 to 1740, ibid. 1743, 3 vols, 4to. 3. Connoif- 
fances des Terns, which he condudted for five years. 4. 
Cours de Mathematiques, 1736. He was the author of feve- 
ral aftronomical papers in the Memoirs of the Academy, 
from 1726 to 1739. 
GODI'VA, 
