G O L 
l«egin at an early age to fwell, and gradually increafe, 
in I'ome, to an enormous fize. The fwelling begins im- 
niediately below the parotid gland, and generally ex¬ 
tends under the jaws irom car to ear, aff'edling all the 
lubmaxiiJary glands. Dodtor Gillan eftiniated that 
nearly one-fixili of the inhabitants he faw had this de¬ 
formity ; which is faid, however, not to appear fuch in 
tne eyes of tliofe villagers, Botli foxes arc fubjctd: to 
thefe fwellings ; but females more than males ; the lat¬ 
ter removing oftener from the fpots where the caufes 
exift, whatever they may be, that occafion them. Thefe 
preternatural tumours did not appear to be attended 
with any other fymptoms afFedting tire general health 
or corporal fundtions of thofe in whom they were ob- 
I'erved. But the mind's of many of them were much 
weakened, and perhaps of all in a lefs degree. Some 
were reduced to a date of abfolute idiocy. The fpec- 
tacle ot fuch objedts, which fails not to convey a i'e- 
inous and even a melancholy impreflion to perfons who 
view titem for the fird tune, produces no fuch cffedt 
upon thofe among whom they are bred. The objedts 
tlicmfelves are in their general habits cheerful, and lead 
a mere animal life, as contradidinguldied from that in 
which any thought or refledfion is concerned. As they 
adl alone from indindf, or the mere impulfe of the 
fenfes, fb their adtions, how'ever injurious they may 
happen to prove to others, are free from intentional 
malice, and occallon no refentment. Their perfons are 
confidered in fome degree as facred ; and they are main¬ 
tained by their families w'ith peculiar care. Whatever 
be the caufe which occafions goitres in the human frame, 
it has no perceptible ed'edd upon other animals. This 
caufe is generally fuppofed, both in Europe and Ada, 
to be the freqLient ufe of fnow water. Melted fnow is 
found indeed, to contain a little more calcareous earth 
than rain water, together with a very fmall proportion 
ot the acids of nitre and fea-falt; but fnow water, how¬ 
ever much ufed in fuch open countries as are often co¬ 
vered with fnow, has not been obferved to produce 
fimilar obdrudtions. It is likely, that a partieular date 
of the atmolphere among mountains, mud concur to¬ 
wards operating this effedt. The part of Tartary where 
this difeafe abounds, has many alpine features, much 
refembling Savoy and Swifl'erland. 
GO'KIA, a town of China, of the third rank, in the 
pirovince of Yun-nan ; twenty miles ead-nortii-ead of 
King-ton. 
GO'L A, f. The fame with Cym a ti u m. —In a cornice 
the gola, or cyn>atium of the corona, the coping, the 
•modillions or dentelii, make a noble diovv. Speclator. 
GOLABAD', a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Irak: forty-five miles ead of Ifpahan. 
GO'I.AN, a city of Paledine, belonging to the half- 
tribe ot Manalfeli in Badian ; one of tlie cities of Le- 
vites ot the family of Gerdion, and one of the fix cities 
of refuge. J.'Jk. XX. 8. xxxi. 27. 
GO'LAM, a tov/n of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Pofn’-inia r ten miles north-ead of Pofen. 
GOLCON'DA, a country of llindooltan, in the Dec- 
can, bounded on the north by the country of Berar, on 
the ead by the Circars, on the fonth by the Myfore 
country and the Carnatic, and on the wed by Dowlata- 
bad and Vidap>our. Tlie king of Golconda, ;it one 
lirr.e, maintained in his pay above five hundred thou- 
fand foldiers; but, in the year 1667, the reigning prince 
became tributary to Aurengzebe. I'he kings liad valt 
revenues, arifing from the properties of lands, cudoms 
of mercliandizes and provifions ; but chiedy the dia. 
mond mines; Golconda being much celebrated for the 
piroduce of diamonds. Thofe who were allowed to 
work towards Mafulipatani, paid a pagoda every hour 
they worked, whether they found diamonds or not. 
in the ciiief mines the king had fix thoutand men con. 
tinually at work in them, who daily found near three 
pounds weight ot thefe precious dories: and no one 
VoL.VIll. No. 534. 
G O L 56! 
was fudered to dig in thefe but for the king’s ufe. Sec 
the article Diamond, vol, v. p. 789. 
This rich and fertile country once formed a part of 
the ancient TeJlingana, which extended as tar as tiie 
Bower of Vifiapour, and along the coad quite from the 
river Pennaar foutli, to Oi ixa nortlnvard ; and where to 
this day, according to major Renncll, tiie lanignage of 
Tel 1 1 nn-J'-'tv I,, K., I'pelrp,, i„ t68t. Golcondi. 
was rubjugated by Aurengzebe, the Great Mogul, and 
the king (nrrendci'ed himielf in tlie mod abjett manner 
in Illver chains. He was in a few days redored to hi; 
d'ominioijs; but in a diort time afterwards, the con¬ 
queror hearing of liis immenfe riches, repented of his 
generodty, and again took the field, fixing his head¬ 
quarters at Hydrabad, the capital of the kingdom. Tire 
unfortunate king finally took refuge in his drong for- 
trefs ot Golconda, from which the kingdom received 
its name. The aifailants, unable to force the works, 
ed'etted by treachery what they could not accomplid; 
by valour ; the king was betrayed by the officers on- 
guard, who iii the night abandoned their pod. The 
enemy riithed in, and a dreadful carnage enfued. 'VVlie:: 
the king was taken, he was treated viJith great inhuma¬ 
nity ; and being brought before Aurengzebe, it is even 
laid that he caiifed liim to be fcourged in his prefence, 
in order to extort fiom liini the full difeovery of his 
trealurcs. The rightful king, after being plundered, 
and fuftering fo many indignities, dill od'ered to pay a 
tribute ot 3,700,000 rupees, and become bis vaffal : but 
the conqueror refilled, and from that period he annexed 
the kingdom to the Mogul empire. 
Winter begins in, Golconda early in June, witli rain 
and thunder. The thunder is of a diort continuance ; 
but the rains pour down, with furious dorms of wind, 
till the middle of Julv, vith fome intervals of fine 
weather. In September, and Odfober, great rains fall 
again, and fwcU the rivers to a very dangerous degree 
of depth and rapidity. Thefe rains render the land 
exceedingly fertile, cfpecially in fruits. Vines are in 
great plenty ; and of the grapes, wliich arc ripe in Ja¬ 
nuary, they make excellent white wine. They have 
yearly two crops of rice, and feveral other kinds of 
grain. The country alfo produces abundance of fine 
cattle and Iheep, with great plenty of fidi, which are 
lound in the numerous rivers and canals formed by the 
joint efforts of nature'and art. Nature contributes in 
many parts by the vad hollows between the hills; but- 
the water contained in them is increafed by dams mads 
acrofs their difeharges, fometimes half a league in 
lengtii. After thefe have been completely filled by 
the rainy feafons, the inhabitants let off tiie water at 
pleafiire into the lower country by means of duice:, 
which fpreads unfpeakable fertility over all the fubj.i- 
cent grounds. 
Golconda, dnee it has been polfeded by the nizam, 
has been enlarged by the addition of the territory of 
Dowlatabad, fince named Aurungabad ; and alfo part 
of Berar. The nizam’s dominions from Ibuth to iiortJi 
are from lat. 15. 50. near Canoiil to lat. 21. 25. near 
Gawile. The greated breadth from ead to wed is about 
three hundred and feventy miles. 
GOLCON'DA, a fortrefs of Hindoodan, tlie famed 
refidence of the kings of Golconda. I'liis lortrels, for 
extent, might be called a city, in the middle of whicli 
riles a hill like a fugar loaf, the lides of which are fur- 
rounded by tlie king’s palace. '1 he walls of the Icr. 
trefs are built of done, thiee feet diameter,,cncom- 
paifed with deep ditches, divided into tanks, lull of 
water. The fortifications confidof five towers, whicJi, 
as well as the walls, are mounted with a great number 
of cannon. The lower defences were fix miles in cir- 
cumfei'ence, and above them otliers of far greater 
drength, fome of which were hewn out of the folid 
rock, and laid to be impregnable on every lide. I'he 
palace is very large, and well dtuated for air, and has 
8 E a good 
