G O U 
GOU'GEON, or Gou'jon (John), a French fcnlp- 
tor and architect, in the reign of Francis I. accounted 
the fir/t who introduced a true taftc for fculpture in 
France, and freed it from the barbarii'm of former times. 
The moft confiderable of liis works is tlie Fountain of 
the Nymphs, called the Innocents, finifhed in 1550. 
Among other remains of his workmanihip, is a tribune 
in the hall des Cent-Suifles at the Louvre, enriched v/ith 
f'culptures,- and I'upported by four gigantic Caryatides. 
He ^vas alfo an able medallift, and ftruck fevoral pieces 
for Catharine de Medicis, which are fough.t by the cu¬ 
rious. His reliefs are executed with great tafte, his 
drapery is light and elegant, his figures graceful and 
flexible, but their attitudes are fometimes forced. He 
was a Huguenot, and met with tlie melancholy fate of 
his party oti the infamous St. Bartholomew, 1572, being 
/hot as he flood working upon a fcaflbld. 
GOU'JET (Claude-Peter), a moft fertile writer, born 
at Paris in 1697. He received the greatefi part of h.is 
education in tlie Jefuits’ college, and was fome time in 
the congregation of the Oratory. Having taken orders, 
he became a canon of the church of St. Jacques de 
I’Hopital in Paris. He was an alfociate of leveral aca¬ 
demies in France, and was generally elleemed, not only 
for his learning, but for the mildnefs of his difpolition, 
and the purity of his morals. He died in 1767. He had 
collected a library of ten thoufand well-chofen volumes, 
which wa« the balls of his numerous works. Of tl?efe, 
the followingare the principal: i. Fies des Saints, 2 vols. 
4to. 2. Supplement to Moreri’s Didfionar'y, 2 vols. 
folio, 173<:, and 2 vols. folio, 1749. 3. Bibliotheque des 
Ecrjvai/ts Ecckjiajfiques, 3 vols. Svo. 4. Di/coursfur k Re- 
nouveUement des Etudes depuis le XIF. Sieck. 5. De I’Etat 
des Sciences en France depuis la Mart de Charlemagne jufqida 
Celle du Roi Robert, 121110. for this curious diflertation the 
author obtained the prize of the academy of belles, 
lettres. 6. Bibliotheque Franqoife, ou lliftoire de la Littera- 
ture Franqofe, 18 vols. 121110. this is the moll celebrated 
of his works, but is compofed with more induftry than 
taflc or judgment. 7. A new edition of Richeiet’s 
French Dictionary, 3 vols. folio, with numerous addi¬ 
tions and corredlions ; of this he publiflied at the fame 
time an Abridgment, which has lince been printed in an 
improved form by Wailly, in 2 vols. Svo. 8. L’Hijloire 
du College Royal de France, i vol. 4to. and 3 vols. i2mo. 
9. Hifloire du Pontificat de Paul IV. 2 vols. 121110. in this 
piece the author is by no means friendly to the Jefuits, 
though educated among them. He likewife furniflied 
a great variety of articles for the continuation of the 
Memoires de Litteralure, by Definolets, and for the Mem, 
des Homines illujlres, of Niceron, ‘ 
GOU'JIM, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira : four leagues fouth-weftvpf St, Joao de Pefqueira. 
GO'ULAND, f. A flower.—Pinks, goulands, king¬ 
cups, and fwcet fops-in-wine. B. Jonfon's Mafques. 
GOUT.ARL' (Simon), a French protellant divine, 
born at Seiilis in 1543. Having ftudied divinity at Ge¬ 
neva, he was admitted into the office of the minifiry, 
and was chofen paftor of the church of which Calvin 
had been niini/ter. He difeharged the duties of his pal- 
toral office wfith great diligence and acceptability, and 
continued the exercife of them till within feven days of 
his death, which took place in 1628, when eighty-five 
years of age. He edited a number of works, with notes, 
comments, oradditionsj and, among others, TheWorks 
of Plutarch, tranflated byAmyot; St.Cyprian’s Works; 
Du Bartas’s Weeks; Illyricus’s Witnelfes to Truth, &c. 
Fie tranflated into French All the Works of Seneca, pub- 
li/hed at Paris in 1390, in 2 vols. 4to. The Fli/lorical 
Meditations of Canierariiis, to which he made coiifide- 
rable additions ; Oforius’s Hiftory of Portugal, 1587, in 
5 vols. Svo. The Chronicle of Carion; different treatifes 
of Theodoret ; John Wierus’s Book concerning diabo¬ 
lical Impodures, &c. He made a colleftioii of Remark¬ 
able Fliflories, 1620, in 2 vols. Svo. and alfow'rote feve- 
G O U 751 
ral moral and devotional tradls, and pieces relating to 
the liifrory of his own time. The moft interefling and 
curious ot the latter defeription is liis Colledrion of ihe 
moft memorable Events which occurred during the 
League, &c. 1590, in 6 vols. Svo. afterwards rejirinted 
at Paris in 1758, in 6 vols. 4to. with notes and original 
documents. 
Goulart had a fon, of the fame name, who on tli;;t 
account has by fome writers been confounded witli his 
father. He was born at Senlis, in 1376, aiid died at 
Frederickfladt, in Holflein, in 1628. He was educated 
to the miniltry, and v/as fettled as paftor wiili tlie 
Wallooii cluirch at Amfterdam, where he eiubraced ti;e 
party of the Remonfrrants. In 1613 he was fufpended 
from his functions, for preacliing againfl the horrible 
dodtrine, connedted wdth the notion ot reprobation, that 
fome childreti wlio die at the breaft, or in their moilicr’s 
v/onib, are eternally damned. He was afterwards ba- 
niflied the country, together with tlie other minifters of 
the Arminian party, in confequence of the decrees of 
tile lynod of Dort; when he fought an afylum at firit in 
Flanders, afterwards in France, and finally in Hollleiim 
He wrote fome letters to the Remonltrants at Amflcr- 
dam, confoling them under their perfecutions, and ex¬ 
horting them to conftancy and perfeverance; which are 
inferted in a collection of Inch pieces in folio, under the 
title ot Epijlola Ecckjiafic<e C 3 Thcologicee. 
GOULDS'BOROUGH FIAK'BOUR, a harbour of 
North America, in the diflriCt of Main.. Lat.44. 23. N, 
Ion. 67. 33. W. Gteenwich. 
GOULOU' (John), a French monk, born at Paris in 
1376. He w^as educated to the profeliion of an advo¬ 
cate; but having had the misfortune, the firft time tliat 
he pleaded a caufe, to fall, into a confufion from which 
he could not recover himfelf, the fuppofed di/grace fo 
much attedled Jiis mind, that he determined on exchang¬ 
ing tlie bar tor the cloifter. Accordingly, he enteied 
into the order ot Feuillants, in 1604, and by his talents 
recommended himfelf fucceliively to different confiden¬ 
tial employments, and at laft was raifed to the poll of 
general ot his order. As he underftood the Greek lan¬ 
guage, he applied iiimfelf to the tranflation into French 
ot the pretended Works of Dionylius the Areopagite, 
which were printed in 1608, accompanied with an at¬ 
tempted detence of their genuinenefs ; EpiCletus’s Kn- 
ciiiridion, printed in 1609; St. Bdfil’s Homilies upon 
the Hexameron, printed in 1616 ; and Arrian’s Differ- 
tations. He alfo reviled and publifhed a Latin verlion 
ot theTfeatifes of St. Gregory Nyffenagainlt Eunomius. 
In 1627, father Goulou made himfelf much talked of by 
a violent attack upon the works of M. Balzac. I'his 
naturally occafioned M. Balzac to defend himfelf by a 
Ipirited apology, in which the monk was treated wuh 
no little leverity. A copy of this apology was lent to 
father Goulou, who confidered it in the light of a clial- 
lenge, and foon produced two volumes of Letters from 
Phyllarchus to Arifto, in which he not only attempted 
to diferedit M. Balzac’s merits as a writer, but attacked 
the morality ot his work, in language unpardonably 
abufive. Notwithffanding the intemperance which dil- 
graced thefe letters. Hill they had many encomiafts, 
particularly among the monks. Father Goulou, Jiow- 
ever, did not long enjo)’’ the praifes which his partifans 
bellowed upon him, as he died in 1629, in the fifty- 
thii'd year of his age. 
GOUL'VIN, a town of France, in the department of 
Finifterre, and cliief place of a canton, in the diflriCt of 
Lefneven; one league and a quarter north of Lelheven, 
and four well of St. Pol-de-Leon. 
GOU'NONG A'PI. See Gonapi. 
GO'VON, a town of Italy, in the principality of 
Piedmont: fix miles north of Alba. 
GOU'PIA, f. in botany. See Glossopetalu.m. 
GOUPIL' (James), a learned phyfician of the fix- 
teeuth century, born of a good family at Luyon. He 
ftudied 
