752 G O U 
iTudied at Poitiers, and then undertook the education 
ibme young- men of quality at Saintonge. Coming 
afterwards to Paris, he llu-died Greek at the royal col¬ 
lege. He was made a licentiate of the faculty in 1548, 
and foon after took his degree of doctor. In 1555, he 
was appointed royal profelTor of phyfic on the death of 
Janies Sylvius. He particularly diltinguifhed himfelf 
by his editions of Alexander of Tralles, Diofcorides, 
Abtuarius, Paul .iTgineta, Rufus, and Aretaeus. He 
alfo tranflated from the Italian tlie %vork of Alex. Picco- 
lomini. On the Sphere of the World. In 1564, during 
the violence of the civil wars, his library was plundered 
by the populace, w'hich misfortune fo much affedted 
him that he died foon after. He was then engaged on 
on a Commentary upon all the works of Hippocrates. 
GOUR, or Go u'ra, an ancient city of Hindooftan, the 
Gangia Regia of Ptolemy, and Lucknouti of other writers. 
It hill retains in the maps the name of Qour. It was 
taken in 1009, by Mahmood I. and its king made pri- 
foner. Like Hannibal, he kept poifon concealed in his 
ring, which he took, and put an end to his life. Goura 
was defiroyed after Tamerlane’s invafion, but reftored 
and ornamented by Akbar, in 1573, who called it Jen- 
nutabad-, originally it was w’alhed by the Ganges, but 
ti;at mutable hream at prefent does not come within 
four miles of the neareft-part. The extent of the ruins 
are not lefs than fifteen miles, firetching along the old 
banks of the Ganges ; the breadth between two and three 
miles. Over the fite are fcattered feveral villages, and 
thick woods, now the haunts of tigers and other beafts of 
prey. The chief remains are a mofque, lined with black 
marble, elaborately carved, and two gates of the cita¬ 
del, moll ftrikingly magnificent. The bricks of which 
the buildings were compoled, have flood the trial of 
many ages ; their excellency makes them greatly fought 
after, and they are fent as articles of commerce to 
Moorlliedabad, and feveral other places. In its prof- 
perity it was tiie capital of Bahar and Bengal, for which 
it was by its fituation particularly well adapted. 
GOU'RA, or Gura, a town of Poland, in the pala¬ 
tinate of Mafovia, on the Viflula : twelve miles from 
Warfaw. 
GOV'RA, a town of Perfia, in the province of Irak : 
thirty-five miles call of Ifpahan. 
GOU'RAINCOURT, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Meufe, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftriCl of Flllain: five leagues north-eafi: of Verdun, 
and two and three quarters north of Ellain. 
GOVRAY', a cape on the eafl coall of the ifland of 
Jerley, four miles call from St. Helier. 
GOUR AY' (Le), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the North Coall, and chief place of a canton, 
in the difiritl of Broons: three leagues well of Broons, 
and two and three quarters louth ol Lamballe. 
GOURD, f. in botany. See Cucurbita. —The 
word in tlie fourth chapter of Jonah, which the LXX. 
and our verlion tranllate 'A. gourd, is in Hebrew/iziajwt. 
Jerome and Aqtiila tile the word hedera, ivy. Jerome 
in dillerent parts of his writings, gives two (bad) rea- 
fons for this: in one place he fays, that he followed 
ancient interpreters, which is not abfolutely true, for 
Jullin Martyr employs the word In another place, 
Jerome confelfes, that the word ivy does not anlwer the 
fignification of the Hebrew P'P'P; but, as he could not 
find any Latin word proper to exprefs it, he chole rather 
to ul'e hedera than to leave it hikajon, which might be 
taken for a monltrous animal in the Indies, or mountains 
of Boeotia. His defcription of it is as follows : “ It is 
a Ihruh which grows in the landy places of Paleftine, 
and increales fo luddenly, tliat in a tew days it comes 
to a conliderable height ; the leaves are large, almoll 
like thole of the vine ; it is fupported by its trunk, with¬ 
out being upheld by any thing elfe, and furnifiies a very 
agreeable lhade.” From this, it is plain enough, that 
it can neither be ivy, nor the gourd j and accordingly 
G O U 
it is now generally agreed to be the Rkinus major, a kind 
of Palma Chrifti, in Egyptian called kiki, in Greek feli. 
cyprion, in the Syriac and Carthaginian language elkeroa. 
See Saurin’s DilT. continued by Roques, tom. viii. p. 81, 
8vo. edit, and Calmet’s Dicl. by Taylor, article Kihajon. 
Bitter Gourd, fee Cucumis. Sour Gourd, fee- 
Adansoni A. 
GOUR'DAN (Simon), a French writer, born at Paris 
in 1646. When he was about fifteen years of age, he 
entered among the canons regular of St. Vidlor, at Paris, 
where he prattifed aullerities and mortifications of the 
moll rigorous kind. He led a folitary afcetic life, al- 
moll entirely devoted to writing and lludy. He was the 
author of numerous Hymns, printed in the different of¬ 
fices of the Gallican church. Towards the dole of his 
life, he engaged in the theological contells of the times, 
and publilhed a volume of Letters on the Subjedl of the 
Conllitution Unigenitus, He died in 1729, at eighty-three 
years of age, leaving behind him in rnanufeript, A Hif- 
tory of thole Members of the Order of St. Victor who 
were eminent for their Piety, Science, or Dignities, in 
folio. 
GOURD'INESS, f. in farriery, the fwelling of a 
horfe’s legs after a journey. 
GOUR'DON, a town of France, and principal place 
of a dillricl, in the department of the Lot: five leagues 
and a half north of Cahors, and nine and a quarter well- 
north-well of Figeac. Lat. 44.44. N. Ion. 19. 3. E. 
Ferro, 
GOURD'Y, adj. Swelled in the legs; fwelled with 
hard ufage ; greafy. 
GOU'RIN, a town of France, in the department of 
theMorbihan, and chief place of a canton, in the dillriCl 
of Le t'anuet: two leagues and a half north north-well 
of Le Faouet, and nine well of Pontivy. 
GOUR'MANDIZE, /. Voracioufnefs: 
A tigre forth out of the wood did rife. 
That with fell claws, full of herce gourmandize, 
And greedy mouth wide gaping like hell gate. 
Did run at Pallorell, her to furprize. Spenfer. 
GOUR'NAI (Le Jars de, Mary), a lady celebrated 
for learning, born at Paris in 1566. She loll her father 
early, and acquired an adoptive one in the famous 
Michael de Montaigne, who was the objedl of her en- 
thuliaftic admiration. He was accullomed to call her 
his daughter of alliance, and he made her heirefs of his 
writings. After his death Ihe publilhed an edition of 
his Elfays, dedicated to cardinal Richelieu. She was 
well acquainted with the learned languages, and main¬ 
tained a correfpondence with many of the moll eminent 
literary characters of her time. She died at Paris in 
1645, in her leventy-ninth year, and was honoured with 
many epitaphs from men of letters. Her works were 
collected in a quarto volume, under the title of Les Avis 
ou les Prefens de la Demoifelle de Gournai. 
GOUK'NA V, a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftriCl, in the department of the "Lower Seine; 
eight leagues eall of Rouen. Lat.49.‘29. N, Ion-19. 
18. E. Ferro. 
GOU'ROCK, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Renfrew, on a creek of the river Clyde, near which is a 
copper mine: two miles weft of Greenock. 
GOUR'VILLE (John Herauld de), born at Roche¬ 
foucauld in 1625, and taken by the famous duke of that 
title into his fervice, and made his friend and confidant. 
He was alfo much elleemed by the great Conde, and by 
the luperintendant F'ouquet. Being employed by the 
latter, he was involved in his dilgrace, and obliged to 
take refuge in foreign countries. What Voltaire alTerts 
is not exactly true, “ that he was at the fame time 
hanged in effigy at Paris, and the king’s envoy in Ger-. 
many,” iince he had not the latter employment till 
fome interval had elapfed from his flight. So well did 
he approve his political talents, that he was propofed 
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