G O U 
to the king as fuccefTor to Colbert in the iiiiniftry. He 
died in 1705.. Gourville left Memoirs of his Lite from 
1642 to 1698, 2 vols. 121110. whicli are written with 
fraiiknefs and fiinylicity. They contain many curious 
atid aiitlientic anecxiotes of the principal perfons of his 
time, of which Voltaire is faid to have made coiilider- 
able life. 
GOUSSAINCOU'RT, a town of France, in the de- 
piartmeiit of the Meufe, and chief place of a canton, in 
the didricf of Vanconleurs: two leagues ami a quarter 
eaft of Gondrecourt, and two and a quarter fouth of 
Vaucoulcu rs. 
GOUij'bE r (James), a learned French protellant di- 
vine, born at Blois in 1635. He was educated to the 
minillry, and became pallor of the proteflant church at 
Poiriers in 1662. So high was his reputation for abiii. 
ties and erudition, that he was three times invited to 
fill the chair of profelfor of divinity at Saumur; but he 
would not quit his flock fill compelled to become a fu¬ 
gitive from the kingdom, in conlequence of the revoca¬ 
tion of the edict of Nantz. On this occalion he took 
refuge in Holland, and afterwards was fettled as French 
minilter at Groningen, wliere he obtained the polls of 
profelfor of divinity and of the Hebrew language in the 
univeility of that city. He died there in 1704, when 
fixty-nine years of age. He was the author of, i. The¬ 
ological and critical Strictures on the Piopofals for a 
new Verlion of tlie Scriptures, 1698, 121110. 2. Dilfer- 
tations in Coiuroverfy v\ itli the Jews, 1699. 3. Theo¬ 
logical Lectures explanatory of the Apoltle James’s 
Doctrine concerning a Living Faith and a Dead Faith. 
4. Comtnentani Lingua Hebraica, 1702, folio, forming a 
valuable Hebrew dictionary, of which the belt edition 
was jmbliliu-d at Leiplic in 1743, 4to. 5. J’j'u C/irJli, 
Evangeliique L'eritas demonjlrata, in Confutatione Libri Ciuzzoiik 
Emounac, or '1 he Buckler of the Faith, by Rabbi JIaac, 
1712, tulio. 6. DiJJertalione in Epifiolam Pauli ad UebraoSy 
i 3 c. 1712. He left behind iiim luiinerous mantilcripts, 
among wliich are Commentaries upon tlie whole of the 
faded Scriptures. 
GOUT, /'. {^qoulU, Fr.] The arthritis; a periodical 
difeale attendcu with gr at pain. See Medicine. 
GOU i , yi [French.] i\ talte. An affected word. — 
Catalogues ferve for a direction to any one tiiat has a 
gout for the like Itudies. Woodward. 
GOUTHIE'RES (James), a learned civilian of the 
feventeenth century, bom at Ciiaunu nt in Balligni, and 
became an advocate in the parliament of Paris. After 
palling forty years at the bar, he retired to the country, 
and died in 1638. He wrote in 1612 a work De veteri Jure 
Ponlificio LJrbis Roma, 410. which was I'o well received at 
R ome, that the lenaie conferred upon liiiii and his pof- 
terity the quality of a Roman citizen. He alfo publillied 
De Offciis Domus Aurujla, publica L 3 privata, 4to. 1628. 
De Jure Manium, JiU de Rilu, More, & Legtbus, prij'd Funcris, 
4to. 1615; and two moral difeourfes, viz. Tirefias,Jeu de 
Cacilatn & Sapientia Cognatione, and Choartius Major, Jlu de 
Orbitate toleranda. He coinpofed Latin vcrles witli I'ltc- 
cefs; iiis Rup?tla Capta, addrelied to cardinal Richelieu, 
1628, 4to. is written with fpirit and vigour. 
GOU ’I'IHESS, y. The ftate or condition of being 
gouty. Scott. 
GOUT ' .VEED, y. inhotany. See aTcopoDiUM. 
GOUT'y, adj. Afflibfed or difeafed with the gout.— 
There dies not above one of a thoufand of the gout, al¬ 
though 1 believe that more gouty, Graunt. —Reiatin^r 
to the gout.—T heie are likewile other caufes of blood 
fpitting ; one is the fettlemeiu of a gouty matter in the 
fubflance ot the lungs. Blackmore. 
G0UVE'2\, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira : feven leagues fouth-eall of "Vifeo. 
GOUX, a tow a of France, in the department of the 
Doubs, and chief place of a canton, in the dillrict of 
Pontarlier: one league and three quarters north-well of 
Pontarher, and three fouth-eall of Ornans. 
VoL. VIII. No. 541. 
G O 73 1 
GOUX DR LA BOULAY'E (Francis Ic), a cele¬ 
brated traveller, born about 1610, .at Beaiige in Anjou. 
His inclination led him at an early age to travel, and he 
employed ten years fucceflively in rambling through va¬ 
rious parts of the globe. In Alia and Africa he palled 
as a Mahometan, in Europe as a Catholic. Upon h.is 
return, he pubbU-ied an account of his travels, tinder 
the title ot Les Voyages (3 Ohfervations de Franffs de la Rou- 
laye. le Goux, en divers Pays d'Europe, d'AJie, & d' AJrtque, 
jufqu'a PAnnee 165c, with figures, 410. 1653. He w'as lo 
much altered by his travels, that, on vifiting his native 
place, even his mother could not recognize Iiim, ami he 
was obliged to inllitute a lavv-fuit to elhiblilh his right 
of primogeniture. Having fuccecdeil in this point, he 
married and fettled. In i668, Louis XIV. being dcli- 
rous of renewing his commerce with the Porte and the 
Great Mogul, chofe La Boulaye for his amballkdcr. 
During this milTion he died of a fever in Perlia in 1669. 
GOU'YE (Thomas), a French Jeluit and mathemati¬ 
cian, born at Dieppe in 1650. He entered into the or¬ 
der in the year 1667, and principally difcinguifiied h.im- 
felf by the talle which he difeovered for fcientific piir- 
luits. In 1699 he was admitted an honorary member ot 
the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, and proved 
an alliduous attendant at the meetings of tliat illullrions 
body, to vvhofe Memoirs he was an enligl'.tened contri¬ 
butor. He died at Paris in 1725, when leventy-five years 
of age. He publillied Phyfical and Mathenidiical Ob- 
fervations, tending to the 1 mprovement ot Aftror.oiny 
and of Geography, tent from Siam to the Academy 
of Sciences at Paris, by the Jefiiit Milfionaries, &c. 
w ith Refleblions and Notes, in tvvo volumes. T he firfl, 
which is in o6tavo, was publilhed in 1688, and the fe- 
cond, in quarto, in 1692. 
This author is not to be confounded with his country¬ 
man Gouye of Longuemare, who died in 1763, and 
was regiltrar of the bailiwic of Verfailles. The latter 
publillied feveral interefling Memoirs and Dili'ertations 
relative to the hilfory of France. 
GOU'ZON,, a town ox' France, in the department of 
the Creufe, and chief place of a canton, in the dilhicl of 
Boufl'ac : five leagues call ofGuerct. 
GG'WER, the peninfulated extremity of Glamorgan- 
fliire, to the welt of the bay of Swanfea. It has very 
lofty lime-flone clifi's next the lea, whence large quanti¬ 
ties of lime are exported to the Englilh couiries acrols 
the Brillol channel. The coafl: abounds with oyllere. 
The land is a fertile trail of arable and paftiire. 
GOW'ER (John), an Englilh poet of the fourteenth 
century, defeended from a family at Stitenham in Yoik- 
fliire. He received a 'iberal education, and was a mem¬ 
ber of the fociety of me Inner Temple, where Cli.iucer, 
on coming to the metropolis, found him much relpeitcd 
in the pityfcllion of the law. Some have aU'erted th,at 
he became chief Jultice of the common pleas, but others 
I'uppofe him in this point to have been niiltaken for an- 
otiier perl'on of the fame name. He p.irticiil.u ly attach¬ 
ed himfelf to Thomas duke of Glouceller, uncle to 
Richard II. and was noticed by that monarch, at whofe 
delire he wrote his principal work. Yet on the accellion 
of Henry IV. he employed his pen in adulation of the 
new king, not without fame fevere reflections on the 
milgoVei ninent of the depofed one. He appears to 
have been in aifluent circumftances ; for he contributed 
largely to the rebuilding of the conventual church at 
St. Nlary Overee, in Southwark. He died at a great 
age, in 1401. His tomb is Hill to be leen in the church 
to which he was fo munificent a beiiefaftor. He w. s 
the author of three volumes entitled Spcculutn Mediiantis ; 
Vox Clamantis\ ConfeJJio Amanlis. Of theie, the firll, <,r 
the Minor of Meditation, is a moral traft in ten books, 
relative to the conjugal duties, written in French rhymes. 
The fccond, or Voice of one crying in the VVildenufs, 
is chiefly a metrical chronicle 01 the inlurrei;:liQn of the 
coinirtons ujidev Richard 11 . in Latin elegiac verle. The 
9 F third, 
