G R A 
758 G R A 
brown ; beneath ochre-yellow ; head, and neck, black ; 
band round the neck naked, wrinkled ; area of the wings 
white; tail wedge-fhaped ; black, white at the tip. Bill 
black, long ; noftrils placed in the middle; tongue 
deeply cleft, the edges jagged ; irids dufky ; firft quill- 
feathers obliquely white at the bafe ; legs long, Itout, 
black; body, bender. Inhabits South A-nierica ; about 
eight inches long. There is a variety of this fpecies 
of a (liining-black ; foine of the feathers of the fhoulders 
and tail yellow ; found in the Sandwich iflands. 
10. Gracuia flurnina, the Dauurian grakle; plumage 
hoary ; fpot on the crown and back between the wings vio¬ 
let black ; tail and wings with a fliade of green, tlie lat¬ 
ter with a double white ftripe. Inhabits the ozier banks 
of Dauuria ; in its nelt and eggs refembles the thrufh. 
11. Gracuia idlerops, the yellow-faced grakle ; body 
black; band on the wings and body beneath white; re¬ 
gion of the eyes naked, wrinkled ; bill comprelTed ; 
noftrils oval ; legs yellow. Inhabits New Holland. 
12. Gracuia Cayanenfis, the climbing grakle; plu¬ 
mage ftriate ; above tawny, beneath yellowilh ; head, 
and chin, varied with tawny and white ; tail wedge- 
fhaped, lliarp, and with the wings tawny. Bill black, 
near two inches long, a little curved ; legs black. In¬ 
habits the interior parts of Guiana; climbs trees like 
the woodpecker. 
13. Gracuia carunculata, the cockfcomb grakle ; up- 
per parts of the body cinereous; tail and quill-feathers 
black; crown and chin with warty excrelcences. In¬ 
habits the Cape of Good Hope ? fix inches long. 
GRA'DATED, adj. [from the Lat. gradus, a ftep.] 
Graduated, divided into parts or degrees. Scott. 
GRADA'TIO,y’. in rhetoric, a figure the fame that 
in t ireek is called climax. 
GRADA'TION, y. \^gradation,Vv. gradus,'Lut.'] Re. 
gular progrefs from one degree to another.—The defire 
of more and more rifes by a natural gradation to moft, 
and after that to all. VEJirange. —Regular advance ftep 
by ftep.—1 he pfalmift very elegantly exprelfeth to us 
the feveral gradations by which men at laft come to this 
horrid degree of impiety. Tillotjon. —Order ; fequence ; 
feries : 
’Tls the curfe of fcrvice ; 
Preferment goes by letter and aft'eftion. 
Not, as of old, gradation, w'here each fecond 
Stood heir to th’ firft. Shakefpeare, 
Regular procefs of argument.—Certain it is, by a di- 
reif gradation of confequences from this principle of 
merit, that tlie obligation to gratitude flows from, and 
is enjoined by, the firft didlates of nature. South. 
GRA'DATORY, f. ]_gradus, I^at.] Steps trom tlie 
cloifters into the church. Ainfwortk. 
GRA'DPICK, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Troki : twenty miles fouth-fouth-weft of Grodno. 
GRA'DES, or Gradus, a town of Germany, in the 
duchy of Carinthia : five miles north of Gurck, and 
five weft of Freifach. 
GRA'DETZ, a town of Swifterland, in the Valais : 
fix miles eaft of Sion. 
GRA'BIENT, ay. \_gradiens,'Lo.t.'\ Walking; mov¬ 
ing by fteps. 
GRADIG'NA, a town of Venetian Iftria: feven 
miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Capo d’lftria. 
GRADIS'CA, or Grad'isg, a townof Sclavonia, 
fituated on the river Save, near the borders of Croatia, 
well peopled, and furrounded with fortifications; a re¬ 
giment of infantry takes its name, and is appointed to 
defend the frontiers; 133 miles v/eft of Belgrade, and 
J70 foiuh of Vienna. Lat. 45. 28. N. Ion. 34. 31. E. 
Ferro. 
GRADIS'CA, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Auftria, and county of Friuli, on the Lifonzo ; built in 
i473> to (lop the inroads of the Turks. In 1764, the 
fortifications v/ere repaired and enlarged, and in 1784 it 
was eredfed into a biftiopric. It was taken by the 
French republicans in 1797, and its garrifon, confifting 
of three tlioufand men, were made prifoners ; the Auf- 
trian army, commanded by the arch-duke Charles, hav¬ 
ing juft before been defeated at no great diftance from 
the town. The territory of Gradifca, which was for¬ 
merly a county of itfelf, is united to Goritz : five miles 
fouth of Goritz, and one hundred and eighty-two fouth- 
fouth-weft of Vienna. Lat. 46. 6. N. Ion. 31. 18. E. 
Ferro. 
GRA'DISCHK, a town of Stiria : one mile from 
Windifeh Gratz. 
GRADIS'TA, a town of European Turkey, in Bul¬ 
garia, on the borders of Servia ; forty miles fouth of 
Viddin. 
GRADI'VUS, a furname of Mars among the Ro¬ 
mans, perhaps from xfixoainiv, brandifliing a fpear. His 
refidence was fuppoled to be among the fierce and fa- 
vage Thracians and Getae, over whom he particularly 
prefided. Virgil. 
GRAD'LIZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Konigingratz : twelve miles north of Konigingratz. 
GRA'DO, a town of Spain, in the province of Aftu- 
ria ; ten miles north-weft of Oviedo. 
GRA'DO, a fmall ifland in the Gulf of Venice, near 
the coaft of Friuli. Lat. 45.44. N. Ion. 31. 8. E. Ferro. 
GRA'DUAL, ay. igraduel, Fr.^ Proceeding by de¬ 
grees; advancing ftep by ftep ; from one ftage to another; 
Nobler birth 
Of creatures animate with gradual life. 
Of growth, fenfe, reafon, all fumm’d up in man. Milton. 
GRA'DUAL, y. \_gradus,'Lo.t.'\ An order of fteps: 
Before the gradual proftrate they ador’d. 
The pavement kifs’d, and thus the faint implor’d. Dryi. 
A prayer ; a form of prayer to be fung in the Roman 
church after the epiftles. 
Gradual Psalms, fifteen pfalms, from the 119th 
to the 134th, which were wont to be lung by the Le- 
vites, as they went up the fifteen fteps of Solomon’s 
temple, a pfalm on each ftep. 
GRADUAL ri'Y, J. Regular progreftion.—This 
feme alcribe unto the mixture of tlie elements, others 
to tlie gradualily of opacity and light. Brown. 
GRAD'UALLY, By degrees ; in regular pro- 
greflion.—The Author of our being weans us gradually 
from our fondnefs of life the nearer we approacli to¬ 
wards the end of it. Swift. — In degree.—Human reafon 
doth not only gradually, but fpecifically, dift'er from the' 
fantaftic reafon of brutes. Grew. 
7 b GRA'DUATE, v.a. \_graduer, Fr. gradus, 
To dignify with a degree in the univerfity.—John Tre- 
gonwel, graduated a doflor and dubbed a knight. Carew. 
—To mark with degrees.—The places were marked 
where the fpirits ftood at the fevereft cold and greateft 
heat, and according to thefe obfervations he graduates 
his thermometers. Derham. —To raile to a higher place 
in thefcale of metals: achemical term.—The tincture 
was capable to tranfmute or graduate as much (ilver as 
equalled in weight that gCld. Boyle. —To heighten ; to 
improve.—Not only vitiiol is a caufe of blacknefs, but 
the falts of natural bodies : and dyers advance and gra. 
duate their colours with falts. Brown. 
GRA'DUATE, y. \_gradue, Fr. from gradus, Lat.] 
A man dignified with an academical degree: 
Of graduates I difiike the learned rout, 
And chufe a female doctor for the gout. Bramjlon. 
GRADUA'TION, y. [French; ixom graduate.'\ Re¬ 
gular progrellion by fuccellion of degrees.— 1 he gradu¬ 
ation of the parts of the univerfe is likewife necciiary 
to the perfeition of the whole. Grew. —>Improvement ; 
exaltation of qualities.—The adt of conferring acade¬ 
mical degrees.—The art of dividing mathematical and 
aftronomical 
