G R A 
affronoinical infiniment-s into parts or degrees ; for the 
method of which, fee the article Scale. See alfo 
Geometry of the Compass, in this volume. 
GRA'DUS, f. [ Latin, a dep. ] A Roman ineafure, 
in length two feet, two inches, and ten decimal parts. 
GRAD'WEIN, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Stiria : fix miles north-north-wed of Graz. 
GRj^iCI'NUS (Julius), a Roman fenaror in the reign 
of Caligula. He was didinguithed for eloquence and 
for the dudy of pliilofophy, and he carried into praftice 
the moral lelfons he had letirned : for he reftifed to 
obey the commatid of Caligula to appear as the accufcr 
of Marcus Silanus, and fud'ered death in confequence. 
Seneca fays of him, “ that he was put to death for the 
foie reafon, that he was too good a man to be permitted 
to live under a tyrant.” Columella mentions him as 
having written a treatife concerning agriculture and the 
management of vines. He was the father of the illuf- 
trious Cn. Julius Agricola. 
GR^'DER Fid'RD, a bay of Wed Greenland. 
Lat. 63. 50. N. Ion. 49. 30. W. Greenwich. 
GRaEME (James), an admired poetical writer, born 
in 1749, at a village near Lanerk in Scotland, and died 
when only tw'enty-two years of age. His Ihort life, 
paded in obfcurity, and in the filent acquifition of know¬ 
ledge, has fcarcely any objects for defcription, or events 
to which narrative can give importance. In 1763, when 
Grteme v/as fourteen years old, he was fent to the grani- 
mar-fchool of the neighbouring town of I.anerk, where, 
under Mr. Robert Thomfon, brother-in-law to the 
“poet of tlie Seafons,” he laid the foundations of claf- 
fical know’ledge and refined tade. Like other votaries 
of the mufes, lie was paflionately fond of rural fcenery, 
and delighted in walking alone among the beautiful caf- 
cades and groves which the banks of the Clyde pre- 
fent in this part of Lanerkdiire. The lowlinefs of his 
lot confpired with the fimplicity of his heart, to polfefs 
iiim with an early veneration for the virtues and the 
writings of the primitive ages; and the nature of his 
fiudies afforded him the bed opportunities to heighten 
and confirm that veneration, liy enabling him to con- 
verfe familiarly with the mod celebrated writers of 
Greece and Rome. He read their remains with ardour, 
and imbibed their fentiments with enthufiafm; on them 
he formed his judgment, and improved his heart. Time 
was not allowed him.for going deep into French, Ita- 
li.in, and German, literature; but he had read the bed 
authors in thefe languages, in Englidi verfious. From 
the gentlenefs of his difpofition, the ele<;ance of his 
fancy, and the claffical fimplicity of his talte, the dyie 
of his poetry took its charadter, which has more ten- 
dernefs than fublimity, more elegance than dignity, 
more eafe than force. Prompted generally by incident, 
and impatient of defign, he wrote with more iiappinefs 
than care ; but all his compofitions are dllting'uifhed 
by mar.ks of genius and poetical feeling, with numbers 
animated and varied according to the fubjett. His 
thoughts are often driking, and always jud. h'is verli- 
fication, though not exquilitely poliflied, is commonly 
flowing and liarmonious. His language is, in general, 
chade, correil, and well adapted. All his pieces were 
written w ith furprifing facility ; mod of them, as occa- 
fion fuggelted; and, as his cudom was, they were com¬ 
mitted to any Icrap of paper, or blank leaf of a book 
that came in his way. Of the incredible number of 
pieces he compofed, the printed colledtion contains only 
thirty-eight elegies, and fomewhat more than half that 
number of mifcellaneous poems and tranllations; being 
all he defigned for publication, or of which any com¬ 
plete copies have been preferved. 
His Love Elegies, the mod finilhed and the mod plea- 
fing of his performances, are modly written in alternate 
rhyme, in the dyle of Hammond, whofe fimplicity and 
tendernels he has judicioufiy imitated, without adopt¬ 
ing his Roman imagery derived from Tibullus, whom 
G R A 75'j 
for the mod part he tranflates. Ot his Elegies, moral 
and defcriptive, the fendmenrs, in gener.tl, are pleafing 
and pathetic, and the imagery pi.durefque and beau- 
titul. TheElegyon theLolsof the Aurora; the Elegy 
written at Cuthally Cadle ; October, an Elegy ; and the 
Elegy on Mr. Fiflier, deferve particular commendation. 
1 hey iniite poetical beauty wdtli that plaintive tender- 
nefs which is the charadteridic of elegy. The amiable 
humaiiity, and tender fimplicity, which didinguiffi The 
Linnet, an Elegy, are attrad'tive and affecting in the 
highed degree. Of his mifcellaneous poems, the Night 
Piece, Hymn to the Eternal Mind, Fit of the Spleen, 
Abra, the Student, Alexis, &c. are chiefly didinguiffied 
for felicity of invention, ferioufnefs of fubject, and 
drength and elegance of compofition. His Fipidles, 
Songs, Anacreontics, &c. difplay invention, and no 
fmall portion of tliat eafe, vivacity, and delicacy, effen- 
tial to fuccefs in the lighter and lefs elevated produc¬ 
tions ot fancy. His Hero and Leander is for the mod 
part a tranflation from the Greek poem of Mufasus. 
Several paffages in the original are omitted ; others pa¬ 
raphrated, and fome entire fpeeches and new circum- 
dances introduced. Upon the whole, the general po¬ 
etical merit of his compofitions mtid be allowed to be 
confiderably above mediocrity. That he had great 
force of genius, and genuine poetical feeling, cannot be 
denied ; and there are fcarcely any of his performances 
that do not difplay a tendernefs of fentiment, an energy 
of expreffion, a vivacity of defcription, and an appofite 
variety of numbers, which evince the vigour of Jiis 
imagination, and the accuracy of his tade, and refledt 
much honour both on his heart and his underdanding. 
GRaENTZ'GRABEN, a river of Siiefia, which runs 
into the river Schwartze : one mile north-wed of Grand. 
GRyE'SATZ, a town of Croatia : thirty miles fouth 
of Bihacs. 
GRaE'VIUS (John-George), a very eminent critic, 
born in 1632 at Natimburg in Saxony. After acquiring 
the learned languages at a college in Germany, he du- 
died at Leipfic under Rivinus and Strauchius. He then 
palfed two years at Deventer in an intimate connedfioa 
with the celebrated John-Frederic Gronovius, to whom 
lie acknowledged himfelf indebted for a great part of 
his acquifitions. He Ipent fome time at Aniderdam ; 
and at the age of twenty-four was invited by tlie eledtor 
ot Brandenburg to occupy a profefibrfiiip at Duifburg. 
"I u o years afterwards he hicceeded Gronovius at De¬ 
venter. His reputation induced the dates of Utrecht 
to attract liim to their univerfity ; and during forty-one 
years he filled the chairs of politics, hidory, and elo¬ 
quence, in Utreclir, refufing various invitations to other 
leminaries. Fie drew a great concourfeof dudentsfrom 
all parts, fome of them of high rank ; and the curators 
oi the univerfity, confeious of the trealure they pof- 
fefled, loaded him with favours. He died in 1703, aged 
leventy-oae. The \vorks of Grsevius are well known. 
They coniid of editions of leveral clalTic authors, as 
He.'iod, the greater part of Cicero, Florus, Ctelar, Sue¬ 
tonius, &c. and of two great compilations. Thefe are, 
TkJ'aurus Antiquitatum Romanonim, 12 vols. folio, 1694 ef 
Jeq. a vaft collection of authors who have treated on 
this fubject ; and Thejaurus Antiquitatum llalicorum, 6 vols. 
tolio, continued by Burman to the forty-fifth volume. 
Grtevius as a critic was moded, and free from the pride 
and pedantry which too often accompany this arduous 
charadter. 
GRA'FABERG, a town of Germany, in the arch¬ 
duchy of Audria : five miles fouth-weltof Schrattentaal.. 
GRA'FENDORP', a town of Germany, in the' arch¬ 
duchy of Aultria, lituated on the Bielach ; four miles 
fouth of St. Polten. 
GR A'FENFIAYNCHEN, a town of Germany, in the 
circle of Upper Saxony, and electorate of Saxony : 
eleven miles Ibuth-ead of Dedau, and eleven louth- 
fouth-wed of Wittenberg. 
GRA'FENSCHLAG, 
