160 G R A 
GRA'FENSCHLAG, a town of Germany, in the 
archduchy of Auftria: four miles fouth of Zwetl. 
GRA'FENWORTH, a town of Germany, in the 
archduchy of Auftria: eleven miles fouth-weft of 
Sonneberg. 
GRAFF, f. A ditch ; a moat.—Though the fortifi¬ 
cations were not regular, yet the walls were good, and 
the broad and deep. Clarendon. 
GRAFF, or Graft, f. \_greffe, Fr.,3 A fmall branch 
inferred into the ftock of another tree, and nouriftied by 
its fap, but bearing its own fruit; a young cyon. See 
Horticulture. —God gave unto man all kinds of 
feeds and grajfs of life ; as the vegetative life of plants, 
the fenfual of beafts, the rational of man, and the in- 
telle6tual of angels. Raleigh. 
Now the cleft rind inferted graffs receives. 
And yields an offspring more than nature gives. Pope. ■ 
7 e GRAFF, or Graft, v.a. To infert a cyon or 
branch of one tree inlo the ftock of another ; 
\Vith his pruning hook disjoin’d 
Uubearing branches fiom tlieir head. 
And graft more liappy in their ftead. Drydcn. 
To propagate by infertion or inoculation.—Now let me 
graff my pears and prune the vine. Drydcn. —To infert 
into a place or body to which it did not originally be¬ 
long.—And they alfo, if they bide not flill in unbelief, 
fhall be graffed in ; for God is able to graff them in 
again. Romans. 
Thefe are th’ Italian names wliich fates will join 
With ours, and grojf upon the Trojan line. Drydcn. 
To impregnate with an adfeititious branch : 
The noble ifte doth want her proper limbs ; 
Her royal ftock graft with ignoble plants. Shakefpeare. 
To join one thing fo as to receive fupport from another: 
May one kind grave unite each haplefs name, 
And graft my love immortal on thy fame. Pope. 
To GRAFF, V. n. To prabfife infition ; 
In March is good graffing tlie fkilful do-know. 
So long as the wind in the eaft do not blow : 
From moon being changed, ’till paft be the prime. 
For graffing and cropping is very good time. Tvjfer. 
GRAF'FENBERG, a tov/n of Germany, in Upper 
Carniola : nineteen miles fouth.eaft of Laybach. 
GRAF'FENDORFF, a town of Germany, in the 
duchy of Stiria : four miles north of Hardebtrg. 
GRAF'FENECK, a town of Germany, in the arch¬ 
duchy of Auftria: ten miles fouth-weft of Sonneberg. 
GRAF'FEN TON'NA, a town of Germany, in the 
circle of U))per Saxony, and principality of Gotha : 
eight miles north of Gotha. 
GRAF'FENTHAL, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of Upper Saxony, and principality of Altenburg : 
feven miles fouth of Saalfeld, and fifty-two fouth-weft 
of Altenburg. 
GRAFFENWARK'MARCK, a town of Germany, 
in Middle Carniola : four miles louth of Gottfehee. 
GRAFF'ER, y. [iVom Fr.] In old ftatutes, 
a ferivener, a notary. 
GRAFTIGNY (Frances cl’IftTcmbourg d’Happon- 
court de), a literary lady, born at Nanci about 1694. 
Fler hufband, De Graffigny, chamberlain to the duke of 
Lorrain, was a man of fuch a brutal difpofition, that 
after living many years with him, (he obtained a legal 
feparation. She then went to Paris witit mademoifelle 
de Guife, who was efpoufed to marftial Richelieu, and 
foon made her merit known to the literati of that capi¬ 
tal. She firft appeared as an author in a Spanifti novel 
in 1745. This was followed by the Lettres d'une Peru- 
vienne, z vols. izmo. which were much read and ad¬ 
mired, notwitl'iftanding fome affeffation in theftyle. A 
dramatic piece by madarne de Grafiigny, in five aits in 
G R A 
profe, entitled Cenie, was regarded as one of the beft: 
fpecimens of fentimental or pathetic comedy. Another 
of a fimilar kind, named La Fille d'AriJlide, obtained lefs 
applaufe. This authorefs was of a very eftimable cha- 
radler in private life, and had many refpeftable friends. 
The emperor and emprefs honoured her with their 
friendftiip, and made her frequent prefents. She was 
an aftbeiate of the academy of Florence ; and died at 
Paris in 1758, at the age of fixty-four. 
GRAF'FIUM, f. [from gruffer.'] A writing-book; 
a regifter of deeds or evidences. 
GRAF'TER, f. One who propagates fruit by graft¬ 
ing.—I am informed, by the trials of the moft ftcilful 
grafters, that a man fhall feldom fail of having cherries 
borne by his graft the fame year in which the infition is 
made. Evelyn. 
GRAFT'ING, f. The art of inferring the branch of 
one tree into the ftock of another. For the procefs, ad¬ 
vantages, &c. fee the article Horticulture. 
GRAF'TON, a county of the American States, in 
New Hampfhire, is bounded north by Canada, fouth by 
the counties of Strafford, Hillfborough, and Cheftiire, 
weft by the ftate of Vermont, and eaft by the diflridt of 
Maine. It comprehends nearly as much territory as all 
the other four counties, but it is by no means fo thickly 
iniiabited. It is divided into fifty townfhips, and feven- 
teen locations, and contains by the cenfus 13,472 inha¬ 
bitants ; but the increafe of population lince the enu¬ 
meration of 1790 has been very great. 
GRAF'TON, a townftiip of the .American States, in 
the county of its own name in New Hampfhire, thirteen 
miles fbuth-eaft of Dartmouth college, and nineteen 
fouth-w'eft of Plymouth. It was incorporated in 1778. 
Lapis fpecularis, commonly called ifinglafs, of the beft 
quality, is found in this townfhip, in a mountain about 
ttventy miles eaftward of Dartmouth college. It is 
found adhering to wliite or yellow quartz, and lying in 
laminte, like ftieets of paper. 
GRAFTON, or the Haffanamifo of the Indians, a 
townftiip of the American States, in Worcefter county, 
Mallachulfetts, containing nine hundred inhabitants; 
forty miles fouth-weft of Bolton, eight eallerly of Wor¬ 
cefter, and thirty-four north-weft of Providence. 
GRAF'TON I'SLAND, the moft northerly of the 
Baftiee iflands, in the Eaftern Indian Sea. Lat. 21.4. N. 
Ion. 239. W. Greenwich. 
GRAF'VESKOI, a fortrefs of Riiffia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Kolivan, on the Irtifeh : two hundred and forty 
miles fouth-fouth-weft of Kolivan. Lat. 50. 15. N. 
Ion. 97. E. FRrro. 
GRAGNA'NO, a towm of Italy, in the ftate of Luc¬ 
ca : four miles north-eaft of Lucca. 
GRA'HAM (fir Richard), lord vifeount Prefton, 
eldeft fon of fir George Graham, of Netherby in Cum¬ 
berland, bait, born in 1648. He was fent ambaffador 
by Charles II. to Louis XIV. and was niafter of the 
wardrobe and fecretary of ftate under James II. But 
wlien the revolution took place, he was tried and con¬ 
demned, on an accufation of attempting the reftoration 
of tliat prince ; though he obtained a pardon by the 
queen’s intercellion; He fpent the remainder of his 
days in retirement, and publifhed an elegant tranflation 
of Boethius on the Confolations of Philofophy. He 
died in 1695. 
GR.AHAM (George), an eminent mathematician and 
watch-m.iker, born at Gratwick in Cumberland, in 1675; 
and in 1678 he came up to London, and was received 
into the family of the celebrated Mr. Tompion, who 
treated him with a kind of parental affeftion as long as 
he lived. That Mr. Graham was, without competi¬ 
tion, the moft eminent of his profeflion, is but a fmall 
part of his charadter; he was the beft general mechanic 
of his time, and liad a complete knowledge of pradfical 
aftrononiy ; fo that he not only gave to various move¬ 
ments for meafuring time a degree of perfection which 
» had 
