762 G R A 
appear yet to have a r/airie. The palm-w'me and dates 
of tliis country are in the greatefi: efteein. Cows, hogs, 
fiieep, and'goats, are in great plenty ; but what contli- 
tutes the chief wealth of the Grain Coaft, is the abun¬ 
dance of Guinea pepper, or grains of paradife, wliich 
it produces, called vialaguetta by the Portuguefe, which 
draws a great trade, not only with all the neighbouring 
interior nations, but with the Europeans alfo: The na¬ 
tives of this divifion are guilty of no excelTes in eating 
or drinking, or indeed of intemperance in any kind of 
luxury. They admit the Europeans into all familiari¬ 
ties with their women ; and even invite them to love- 
banquets with their own wives and daughters. One 
quality they have in common with all other negroes, 
which is, a propenfity to (leal whatever they come near, 
cfpecially (rom (Irangers and foreigners ; and they never 
omit the opportunity. Their taba^ taba feyle, or, as 
01 hers call him, tabofeil, or king, exerts an arbitrary 
power and delpotic authority over his fubjedts, and ne¬ 
ver appears abroad but with tlie iitmofl pomp and mag¬ 
nificence. His people raife Ills piower by certain impli¬ 
cit fentiments of a natural fnbmiffion, and that awe wdth 
whicli tliey would regard a fuperior being. Their ig¬ 
norance attaches them to paganifm ; but naturid reafon 
didlates a future (late. They welcome the new moon 
with fongs, dancing, and diverfions of every kind ; and 
their fuperflitious regard for forcerers is extrenic. The 
foie employment of many of the negroes of this coun¬ 
try is filliing; and every morning prefents large fleets 
ot canoes, ranged along the (liore, upon this employ¬ 
ment. Tlieir common method of fifliing is by a hand¬ 
line and a hook, which they feldom draw empty out of 
the water. The Portugue(e had formerly the whole of 
tlie commerce of this coaft, but the great advantages 
having excited the emulation of the Englifti and Dutch, 
in 1664, their power began to give way to the more war¬ 
like and commercial fpiiit of thefe rivals. They loft 
gradually all their I'ettlements, and being forced to re¬ 
tire into the interior countries, refolved, as the laft ef¬ 
fort, to unite tliemfelves with the natives by marriage; 
whence fprung that mixed progeny of mulattoes, more 
numerous here than in any part of Guinea. From po¬ 
licy, and, perhaps, from natural aft'eiStion, the Portu¬ 
guefe entrufted them with the tare of the fmall rem¬ 
nant of trade they now have, gave them the appellation 
of kidalgoes or gentlemen, reconciled them to the church 
of Chrift, nay even admitted tliem into holy orders, and 
rendered them ufeful in propagating Chriftianity and 
the gofpel. 
GRAIN'ED, adj. Rougli ; made lefs fniooth ; 
Tiiough now this grained face of mine be hid 
In fap-confuming Winter’s drizzled fnow, 
\et hath my night of life feme memory. Skakefpeare. 
GRAIld'GER (James, M. D.), a poetical and me- 
dical writer, born in 1724, at Diinfe in Berwickfliire, 
whither his father had removed, as an excife officer, 
after felling his eftate of Houghton.hall, in Cumber¬ 
land. James received a claffical education at North 
Berwick, and was then put apprentice to a furgeon in 
Edinburgh. He attended the medical lectures in the 
univerfity, and entered the army as a regimental fur¬ 
geon, in which capacity he ferved both at home and 
abroad. On the peace of 1748 he took the degree of 
doctor of pliyfic, and fettled in the practice of his pro- 
feftion at London. His tafte for elegant literature made 
him known to feveral of the wits and poets of the time, 
and the publication of his Ode on Solitude in Dodfley’s 
colleftion, gave him a refpedfable rank among them ; 
but his prmeffional encouragement was inconffderable, 
fince we find him engaged as tutor to a young man of 
fortune at a falary of two liundred pounds per annum. 
In 1759 he publiftied his tranflation of Tibullus, which 
he had completed many years before. It was dedicated 
ro his pupil, whom, in the following year, he accom- 
G R A 
panied to the Weft Indies. He fettled at Baffeterre, in 
the ifland of St. Chriftopher, married the daughter of 
the governor, and purfued the pradfice of phyfic with 
great fuccefs. At the fame time he did not defert the 
amiifement of poetry, but compofed his didactic poem 
on the culture of the fugar-cane. Tiiis he publiflied 
in 1764, after revifiting England, and fubmitting the 
manufeript to the criticifm of his friends. He then re- 
turned to Baffeterre, wdiere he died in December 1767, 
much efteemed and regretted. Dr. Grainger, in his 
poetical capacity, (lands higheft as the writer of the 
Ode on Solitude ; the fine exordium of which Mr. Bof- 
well tells us that Dr. Johnfon repeated with great ener¬ 
gy, adding liberal praife to the whole. Another (hort 
piece, entitled, Bryan and Pereene, printed in Percy’s 
Reliques, is a beautifully pathetic and deferiptive bal¬ 
lad. His Sugar-Cane will be admired only by thofe 
who can bear profaic matter raifed upon the ftilts of 
blank-verfe. His tranflation of the elegies of Tibullus 
is refpeilable, but not eminently happy. The dodtor’s 
medical writings were, Hiftoria Febris Anomalce Batava, 
Ann. 1746-7—8, Svo. and a Treatile on the more com¬ 
mon Weft-India Difeafes, Svo. 1764. 
GRAIN'GER, a county of the American States, ii> 
the diftiidl of Hamilton, (late of Tenneffee, formed of 
parts of the counties of Knox, Jelrerfon, and Hawkins, 
and thus called after the maiden name of the lady of 
governor William Blount. 
GRAIN'ING, f. [from grain.'I Indentation.—It is 
called by fome the unmilled guinea, as having no grain¬ 
ing upon the rim. Leake. 
GRAINS, f. [without a lingular.J The hulks of 
malt exhaufted in brewing. 
GRAIN'VILLE, a town of France, m the depart¬ 
ment of the Lower Seine: one league fouth of Cany, 
and four and a Iialf north of Caudebec. 
GRAIN'Y, adj. Full of corn. Full of grains or 
kernels. 
GRAI'SO (I’Ance la), a fettlement of the American 
States, in Louifiana. 
GRAJUE'LA, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Murcia : feventeen miles north-north-weft of Chinchilla. 
GRAL'LiE,y'. in ornithology, an order of birds in 
the Linmean fyllem ; for particulars of which fee tiie 
article Ornithology. 
GRAM, a river of Denmark, which runs into the 
North Sea : two miles weft of Ripen. 
GRAMAFFET'TEN, a town of Germany, in the 
archduchy of Auftria: twelve miles fouth-welt of 
Freuftadt. 
GRA'MAT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lot, and chief place of a cantor., in the diftridl of 
St. Cere : feven leagues and a h.aif north-north-eaft of 
Cahors, and two and three quarters fouth-weft of St. 
Cere. Lat.44. 47.N. Ion. 19.23. E. Ferro. 
GRA'MATA, a town of European Turkey, in the 
province of Epire: twenty-four miles fouth of Valona. 
GRAMA'YE (John-Baptift), a writer of liiftory, and 
a native of Antwerp. He ftudied at Louvain, and taught 
rhetoric in that univerfity. He was afterwards made 
hiftoriograplier to the Low-countries, provoft of Arn- 
heim, and apoftolical prothonotary. He travelled through 
Germany and Italy; and proceeding from the latter 
country to Spain, he was taken by an Algerine corfair, 
and carried into Africa. This opportunity of feeing 
another part of the world was not unplealant to liim. 
After returning to his native country, he travelled into 
Moravia and Silefia, and in the latter province \vas 
placed by cardinal Dietrichftein at the head of a college. 
He died upon a journey at Lubeck, in 1635. He was a 
man of learning, and compofed Latin works botli in 
profe and verle. Of the former are, i, Africa illiifirata. 
Lib. X. 4to, 1622 ; containing a hiftory of Africa Irom 
the reinoteft periods to his own.times, with fome geo¬ 
graphical details, 2, Diarium Algerienfe-, the refult of 
local 
