G R A 
its grafnmatical conftnifliort are infeparable. It fol¬ 
lows, that a knowledge of grammar is neceffary; it cer¬ 
tainly is; and any rules, militating againfl: grammar, 
may be m de fpecious, but they will ultimately be 
found defettive. 
In poetry, where fubordlnate fentences mufl: be in¬ 
troduced To as to preferve the rhiine or meafure, punc¬ 
tuation is more particularly ferviceable to the fenfe. In 
profe, the habitual phrafe of life, we can more readily 
perceive it; and the omifTion or infertion of a point does 
not long fufpend the judgement from difcovering the 
meaning of an author: but, in metrical compofitions, 
where fentences are incomplete for, perhaps, four or 
five lines together, a proper ufaof the points agreeably 
facilitates our approximation to tJie fenfe ; and we find 
pleafure in the perufal proportionate to the readinefs 
and eafe with which we difcover the meaning of our 
author. 
It certainly is among our defiderata, that juft pundlua- 
tion fliould be more generally cultivated. Did it form 
an attentive part of our education, a reference to books 
would teach the minutiae better than any rules. With 
a few exceptions, we might recommend the numbers of 
the Monthly Review as a model for corredt pundtuation; 
we think they oifend chiefly againft the ixth rule. 
The above rules for pundtuation, and many of the re¬ 
marks, are extradted from Steel’s Elements of Pundlua- 
tion, a book which contains every thing that can be de- 
lired on the fubjedt. The author of it was an elegant 
fcholar, and bred to a profeflion moft likely to induce 
an attention to the minutiae of literature, that of a 
printer. The literary world has caufe to lament his 
premature death ; and the compiler of this article takes 
the prefent opportunity of paying a tribute of refpedl to 
the memory of his departed friend, the gay companion 
of his boyiili days. 
GR AM'MAR-SCHOOL, yi A fchool in which the 
learned languages are grammatically taught. 
GR AMMA'RI AN, y. \_grammairien, Fr. irom gram¬ 
mar.'] One who teaches grammar; a philologer.—The 
term grammarian, in ancient times, appears to have been 
applied as a title of literary honour to diftinguiftied 
writers. Even as late as the fixteenth century, Baillet 
obferves, that Saxo Grammaticus was thus called merely 
for the beauty of his ftyle; and Thomas d’Avergne, a 
civilian of Naples, who lived in 1580, although he wrote 
upon no fubjedt but what related to his profeffion, is 
diftinguiflied by the title of Grammarian. 
GRAMMA'TIC, or Grammatical, adj . \_ gTam - 
maticus , Lat.] Belonging to grammar.—I ftiall take the 
number of confonants, not from the grammatical alpha¬ 
bets of any language, but from the diverfity of founds 
framed by Angle articulations with appulfe. Holder ,— 
Taught by grammar.—They feldom know more than 
Xhz grammatical conftrudtion, unlefs born with a poetical 
genius. Dryden. 
GRAMMA'TICALLY, adv. According to the rules 
or fcience of grammar.—When a fentence is diftinguiflied 
into the nouns, the verbs, pronouns, adverbs, and other 
particles of fpeech which compofe it, then it is faid to 
be anaiyfed grammatically. Watts. 
GRAMMATICAS'TER, y. fLatin.] A mean ver- 
bal pedant; a low grammarian.—I have not vexed lan¬ 
guage with the doubts, the remarks, and eternal trifling, 
of the ¥rtnch gratmnaticajlers. Rymer, 
GRAM'MAnST, y. [_tiom y^a.y.i/.si, Gr. a letter.] 
A young grammarian ; a grammaticafter. Cole. 
GRAM'MEN, a town of Flanders ; five miles fouth- 
weft of Deiiife. 
GRAM'MIC, adj. \_grammicus, Lat, of Gr. a 
line.] Made by lines; demonftrated by lines. 
GRAMMI'TIS, y. in botany, a genus of the clafs 
eryptogainia, order filices. Generic cluiradlers—Fruc- 
lification in Itraiglu Icattercd lines 3 involucre, none. 
G R A 779 
Species, i. Grammitis linearis ; fronds linear, point¬ 
ed, entire ; ftalks briftly. 
2. Grammitis raargiiiella : fronds lance-lingulate, 
edged with brown : ftalks very fliort, llightly ciliate. 
3-. Grammitis lanceolata : fronds lanceolate, pointed, 
tapering to the bafe : lines of fructification nearly pa¬ 
rallel with the rib. 
4. Grammatis ferrulata : fronds linear, toothed, from 
a rooting fhoot. 
5. Grammitis giaminoides: fronds linear, undivided 
and forked at top : line of frudlification folitary, ter¬ 
minal. 
6. Grammitis myofuroides : fronds pinnatifid : feg- 
ments femiovate, obtufe ; upper ones united into a li¬ 
near frudliferous tip. 
GRAM'MONT, or Geersberghe, atown of Flan¬ 
ders, which was in the beginning only a caftle, built at 
the foot of a mountain by the Goths, and thence called 
Gotteghem. Baldwin dc Mons, cointe of Flanders and- 
Hainaut, having purchafed the lordfliip of Gerard, in 
1068, he built a town, and called it the name of the 
former lord, Gerardmont, by corruption Grammont. It 
is fituated for the moft part on a hill, with the river 
Dender running througii it, and feparating it into the 
Higher and Lower town: twenty miles weft of Brulfels, 
and ten fouth-weft of Oudenarde. 
GRAM'PIAN HILLS, mountains of Scotland, which • 
extend through the counties of Perth, Angus, Mearns,- 
and Aberdeen. They take their name from a tingle hill, 
the Mons Grampius of Tacitus, where Galgacus waited 
the approach of Agricola, and where the battle was 
fought fo fatal to the brave Caledonians. Antiquarians 
have not agreed upon the particular fpot. 
GRAM'PLE,y A crab fifh Ainfworth.- 
GRAM'POUND, an ancient town in Cornwall, diftant 
243 miles from London. It has a bridge over the river 
Vale, or Fale; and was made a borough fo early as the 
reign of Edward III. Some think that this tdwn is the 
Voluba of the ancients, becaufe it ftands on the fame ■ 
river ;, and that on the building of the bridge it was 
changed into Grandpont. By the charter of king Ed¬ 
ward it was endowed with large privileges, particularly 
freedom of toll through all Cornwall, a market on Sg,-- 
turday, and fairs on January 18, March 25, and June ri,. 
which the burgeffes hold of the duchy of Cornwall, in- 
fee-farm, confirmed by Henry VIII. Here are ftill the. 
remains of a famous Csdefula, which, in Britifli, figni- - 
fies Felon wood, granted, with all the lands in it, to the 
town, in the time of Edward III. The corporation con- - 
fifts of a mayor, eight magiftrates, a recorder, and town- 
clerk. The river Fale rifes about two miles weft of 
Roche Hills, and, running about eight miles in a louth- 
ern diredlion, becomes a conliderable river at this place, 
where it pafles undera ftrong bridge. About a mile bel¬ 
low this bridge the river was formerly navigable, at’ 
leaft for boats ; but the country has for fome time been ■ 
deprived of that advantage. Here is a confiderable ma-- 
. nufadtory of gloves. 
GRAM'PUS, /. A large fifli of the cetaceous kind. 
See the article Delphinus, vol. v. p. 684, and the cor- 
refpondent engraving. 
GRAN, a river of Hungary, which joins the Danube 
oppofite Gran. 
GRAN, or Esztergon, a town of Hungary, fituatedi 
near the conflux of the rivers Gran and Danube ; the 
fee of an archbilhop. In 1683, this town was taken by 
the king of Polan^l, and prince Charles of Lorraine, af¬ 
ter a fiege of five days. The Turks had been in poliVf-’ 
fion of it 143 years. The lofs of this fortrefs coft the • 
vizier his life, who might eafily have covered the town, . 
if lie had not retreated to Efzek, from whence retiring 
to Belgrade, he was ftrangled by order of the grand 
fignor: fifty-five miles fouth-eall of Prefburg, andeigiity- 
two ealWoiuh-eaft of Vienna, 
GRA'NAj 5 
