78 S 
G R A 
But O ! my mufe ! wl)at numbers wilt thou find 
To (iiig the furious troops in battle join’d ? 
Methinks, I hear tiie drums tumultuous found, 
Tlie victor’s Ibouts, and dying groans, confound ; &c. 
I itroduTions of this fort, are a forced attempt in a wri¬ 
ter, to Ipur up liimfelf, and his reader, when he finds 
Ids imagination begin to flag. It is like taking artificial 
fpirits in order to fupply the want of Inch as are natural. 
Yet Mr. Addilon’s Campaign is far from wanting merit; 
and, in particular, the comparifon of his hero to the 
angel wliu rides in tlie whirlwind and directs tlie fiorm, 
is a truly (ublimc image. 
The faults oppofire to the grand and fublime, are the 
frigid, and tlie bombaft. The frigid confifts, in degrad¬ 
ing an objedl, or fentiment, which is fublime in itfelf, 
by a n-.ean Conception of it; or by a weak, low, and 
chiidid’., delcription.of it. This generally betrays great 
poverty of genius. Of this, there are too many exam¬ 
ples in different writers.—The bombaft lies, in forcing 
a trivial objetSI out of its rank, and endeavouring to 
raile it into the fublime; or, in attempting to exalt a 
grand objeift beyond all natural and reafonable bounds. 
Into this error, wliich is alfo too common, writers of 
genius may Ibrnetimes fall, by unluckily loftng light of 
tne true principles of grandeur and limplicity.—See Ad- 
difon’s Spectator; Akenllde’s Pieafures.of the Imagina- 
tio.n ; Webb oi; the Beauties of Poetry ; Gerard on 'l afte; 
Blair’s Lettures on Rhetoric, &c. 
GRAND'PA'J'HKR,'T'he father of my father or 
mother; the next tibove iity father or mother in the 
fcale of afcent.—Our grandchildren will fee a few rags 
hung up in Vv'eftiiiinfter-hall, wliich coft an hundred 
millions, whereof they are paying the arrears, ;ind boaft 
tiiat tiieir grandfathers were rich and great. Sadft. 
GRAND'Fa PHERS, feveral large detached moun¬ 
tains in the fouth-eaft corner of TenneflTce, belonging to 
the American States ; in which are the head waters of 
French, Broad, and Cataba rivers, 
GRAN'DI (Ibancis-Louis,), an Italian abbot, philo- 
fopher, and mathematician, born at Cremona in 1671. 
As he early^polfelled a ftudious inclination, he deter¬ 
mined to embrace the ecciefiaftica! life for the fake of 
freely indulging it. Accordingl)', when he was about 
iixteen years of age, he entered into the order of Camai- 
dolites, at Ravenn.i ; on which occafion, in compliance 
tvith the ulage of the order, he relinquilhed hischriftian 
n.Tme and received that of Guy. He foon diftinguiftied 
liimfelf by his proficiency in the diiierent branches of 
literature and fcience ; and becoming in the courfe of 
his enquiries diifatisfied with the peripatetic philofophy 
which then prevailed in the fchools, he was ambitious 
of contributing to introduce a more rational fyftem. 
With this delign he ofiered himfelf a candidate for a 
vacant chair of philofophy in the univerlity of Flo¬ 
rence, and obtained his objeff. In this fituation he di¬ 
ligently applied liimfelf to extennin.ite the Ariftotelian 
dogmas, and to introduce in their room the plijlolbphy 
of Delcartes ; while at the fame time he became zea- 
loully attached to mathematical ftudies. Having pub- 
liflied a treatife intended to rcfolve the problems of Vi— 
viani, relative to the conftruftion of arches, which lie 
dedicated to tlie grand-duke Cofmo III. that prince 
was fo well pleafed with it, that he appointed him pro- 
felfor of philolopliy in the univerfity of Pifa. From 
this time father Grandi applied clofely to the ftudy of 
pure mathematics ; and he had tJie honour of ranking 
amoiig his friends and correfpondents Leibnitz, Newton, 
Bernouilli, Baglivi, and Magalotti, Yet in the midft 
of his fcientifi-c Itudies he paid due attention to hiftory, 
criticifni, and ecclefiaftical antiquities. In 1683, Dr. 
NarcilTus Marfti, arclibiftiop of Armagh, liaving pre- 
fented to the royal fociety in Dublin fome difticult prob¬ 
lems for tlie improvement of acouftics, father Grandi 
was requefted, by h|s ilieivd count Laurence Magalotti, 
G R A 
to refolve them ; W’hich talk he accompliftied; and his 
performance w as tranfmitted by the Britilh minifter at 
tlie court of Florence to the royal fociety at London. 
One of his principal works was, On Series and Infinitefi- 
mals. Father Grandi’s talents were alfo employed on 
matters of political economy. To him were referred 
various difputes refpefting the rights of fifliery and tolls 
on tile rivers; and he was employed in a joint coinmif. 
lion from the grand-duke and the court of Rome to 
fettle the difterences between the inhabitants of Ferrara 
and Bologna, concerning tlie neceft'ary works to preferve 
their territories from inundation. Tliefe fervices lie 
performed to the fatisfa6tion of all parties. He died in 
1742, when feventy-two years of age. 
GRANDl'ER (Urban), a Freiicli prieft, who was 
condemned for tlie pretended crime of magic, and burnt 
alive, in 1634. •He was tlie fon of a notary.royal at 
Sable, and born at Bovere, near tiiat tow i\ he was 
educated under the Jefiiits at Bonrdeaux, and foon re¬ 
commended liimfelf to notice by tlie dawuiings of a fine 
genius, and his proficiency in liis ftudies. On appre¬ 
ciating his talents, tlie fociety collated liim to tlie livin" 
ot St. Peter atLoudunj and alfo procured for liim 4 
prebend in the church of tlie Holy Crofs. Thcfe be¬ 
nefices made him tlie objeit of envy with tlie ecclefi, 
allies, wliich was ftill fartlier lieightened by his great 
accomplifliments. He often appeared in ilie pulpit, 
where his talents as a preaclier jirocured him numerous 
admirers. His ruin, liowever, was foon decided upon 
by the college of monks ; and they deviled a fcheine 
for engaging cardinal Riclielieu, tlie prime minifter, to 
favour their deligns. For tliis purpofe the capuchins 
of Loudun wrote to father Jofepii, one of tlieir frater¬ 
nity, wliom tile cardinal liad alfociated with himfelf in 
the adminiftration, informing liim tiiat Grandierw'as the 
autlior of a fatirical libel, entitled. The Slioemaker’s 
Wife of Loudun, containing refleftions on the cardinal’s 
perfon and birth, wliicli liad excited in his bolbm tlie 
lharpeft flings of refentment. Suffering liimfelf to be 
pei fuadcd that this information w'as well founded, he 
determined to make Grandier feel tlie weiglit of his 
vengeance. At that time M. Laubardemont, mafter of 
the requefts, was 'commiifioned by tlie king to demo-, 
lilh tlie fortifications of Loudun. Tiiis man was en¬ 
tirely devoted to tlie cardinal, and tlie ordinary inftru- 
ment of liis vengeance when tiiat minifter was difpofed 
to put any perfon to death under tlie formal lliow of 
juftice. To him tlie cardinal wrote, giving him fufti- 
cient intimations that lie wilhed the deftruttion of Gran¬ 
dier. Laubardemont immediately ordered the unhappy 
prieft to be imprifoned ; and after waiting upon the 
cardinal to concert with liim the manner of his future 
proceedings, received a commiftlon to carry on a procefs 
againif Grandier for forcery. Tliis commillion was di- 
reHed to M.Laubardemont, and to twelve judges of th.e 
courts in the neighbourhood of Loudun. After a te¬ 
dious procefs, in which the farce of exorcifing the pof- 
felfed was feveral times repeated, and Laubardemont’s 
tyranny dilplayed in tlie nioft glaring light, “ upon the 
depofition of Alhtaroth, a devil of tlie order of Sera¬ 
phim, and tlie chief of the pofleliing devils, and of 
Eafas, Celfus, Acaos,” &:c. the commiifioners gave 
judgment, declaring Grandier “duly attainted and con- 
vidted of tlie crime of magic, forcery, and polfeftion 
happening by his means in the perfons of lome of the 
Urluliiie nuns of Loudun, See. for the reparation of 
w'hich he was condemned to be burnt alive with the 
magical pacts and chara6ters, See.” Grandier heard 
this fentence without any emotion, and afterwards fuf- 
taiiied the torture with aftoiiilhiiig fortitude, not futfer- 
ing one repining exprelfton againlt his enemies to elcape 
him throughout the whole Iceiie; and, being brought 
to the ftake, he expired amidll the flames witii unabated 
couragCj. commending himfelf to the divine mercy in 
i 
