80 G G R A 
Atrierfden, in Oxfordfhire, to bring their ploughs and 
do one day’s work for their lord, was called grafi-hearth 
or grajs-hurt: and we ^till fay the fkin is grafed, or 
fliglitly hurt; and a bullet grafes on any place, when 
it gently turns up the furface of what it lirikes upon. 
Parock. Antiq. 496. 
GRASS'-PLOT, f. A fmall level covered with fliort 
grafs.—The part of your garden next your houfe fhould 
be a parterre for flowers, or grafs-plks bordered with 
flowers. Temple .—Seethe article Horticulture. 
GRASS WEEK, f. Rogation week, fo called in the 
inns of court and chancery. 
GRASSA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Bafilicata: eighteen miles eaft- 
fouth-eaft of Cirenza. 
GRASSA'TION, y. [from the Lat. grajfor, toaflail.'] 
The att of robbing ; the atl of laying wafte. Bailey. 
Not fufficiently authorijed. 
GRASSE, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diflricl, in the department of the Var ; before the re¬ 
volution tlie I'ee of a billiop, fuffragan of Embrun. 
Tire principal trade of the inhabitants is in dry fruit, 
olives, oil, perfumes, and tanned leather ; five leagues 
weft-fouth-weft of Nice, and three weft-north-welt of 
Antibes. Lat. 43.42. N, Ion. 24. 35. E. Ferro. 
GRASSE (La), a town of France, and principal 
place of a dillrict, in the department of the Aude, fitu- 
ated on the river Orbien : fourteen miles fouth-eall of 
Carcallbne, and eighteen fouth-weii of Narbonne. 
GRASSEL'LA, a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftridf, in the department of the Aude : fix leagues 
and three quarters fouth-wefi: of Narbonne, and eight 
and a half north-north-well of Perpignan. Lat. 43. 5. N. 
Ion. 20. 17. E. Ferro. 
GRASSE'NA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of 
Aofta : eighteen miles ealt of Aolta. 
GRAS SETH ORTH, a town of Germany, in tlie 
arciiduclLy of Aulfria : lix miles foutli-cafi of Vogla- 
pruck. 
GRASS'INESS, y". The (late of abounding in grafs. 
GRAS'SY, adj. Covered with grafs; abounding 
with grafs : 
Ne did he leave the mountains bare unfeen. 
Nor the rank grajfy fens delights untry’d. Spenjer. 
GRAS'WINKEL (Theodore), a learned civilian of 
the feventeenth century, born at Delft. He wrote va¬ 
rious works upon legal and politicall'ubjedts ; by whicli 
he acquired lo much reputation, tliat he was madefilcal 
of the domains of the ftates of Holland, and I'ecretary 
of the bipartite chamber on the part of the ftates-ge- 
neral. He died at Mechlin in 1666, and was buried in 
the great church at the Hague. In 1634 he publilhed 
a work entitled, Libertas Vemta, feu Venetorum in Se & S?eos 
imperandi Jus-, and in 1644 he defended the republic of 
Venice in a difpute with the duke of Savoy concerning 
precedence. For thefe fervices that republic created 
him a knight of St. Mark. In 1642 he publilhed a 
work, De Jure Majefatis defigned as a confutation of 
the popular maxims of Buchanan. This was.dedicated 
to Chriftina queen of Sweden, a great aflertor of regal 
privileges. In a work entitled, Maris LiberiVindicia, he 
maintained the liberty of the fea againlt a Genoefe 
named Burgus, who had followed the Heps of Seldeh. 
He wrote a treatife in 1660, entitled, De Preludiis Jufilia 
& Juris, together with a dillertation, De Fide Hereticis ct 
Rebellibus Servanda, intended to refute a Portuguele Je- 
fuit. He alfo compofed various Latin poems ; and he 
wrote fome works in the Dutch language, atnong wliich 
was a treatife On the Sovereignty of the States of Hol¬ 
land, 2 vols. 4to. 
GRAT'CHI, a town of Rullia, in the country of 
Colacs : twenty miles north-welt of Tzaritzin. 
GRATE, y. \_crates, Lat,] A partition made W’ith 
G R A 
bars placed near to one another, or crofling each other ; 
fuch as in cloillers or pril'ons.—A fan has on it a nun¬ 
nery of lively black-eyed vefials, vvho are endeavouring 
to creep out at the g'-ates. AddiJon. 
Out at a little grate his eyes he call 
Upon thofe bord’ring hills, and open plain, Daniel. 
The range of bars within which fires a<re made.—A h 
old fafhioned grate confumes coals, but gives no heat. 
SpeElator. 
Among the numerous clafles of new and valuable 
improvements, few are pregnant with more intereft than 
thofe which appertain to Grates and Stoves. For many 
of thefe the public are indebted to the philofophic 
count Rumford ; and, for one of very general utility, 
to Mr. James Burns of Glafgow, which has been ho¬ 
noured by-the proteftion of his majefty’s letters patent. 
The principal merit of Mr. Burns’s invention, and it is 
by-no means a trivial one, conlifts in his contriving to 
maintain the combuftion of the fuel in an open (love, 
without employing for that purpofe the air of the room 
in which they are placed. The heat liberated and 
thrown out into the apartment is thus preveiited fr®m 
being wafted and hurried up the chimney, as is una¬ 
voidably the cafe in the common method, where the 
combuftion is maintained by air from the apartment, 
the wafte of v/hich is fupplied by exterior cold air that 
comes pouring in at the bottom of the doors and the 
lides of the windows, thereby undoing a great part of 
the eflFeft produced by the fire. 
To prevent this wafte, the air that maintains the fire 
in Mr. Burns’s grates, or in others to w'hich his im¬ 
provements are applied, ftiould be brought through a 
tube from the outfide of the houfe, or be made to pafs 
from the outfide of the houfe, between two of the joifts, 
where the floors and ceilings are found enough to allow 
this, fo as to be brought to the bottom bars of tlie 
grate, without having any communication with the in¬ 
terior air of the room, while at the fame time the grates, 
and parts connefted witli them, fhould be fo conftrufted, 
that, when the fire is not wifhed to be fupplied with 
cold air from the outfide of the houfe, the paffage may¬ 
be fluit more or lefs perfectly by' means of a valve, a 
fmall door, a cock, or any funilar contrivance. When 
convenience does not admit of the air-tube being car¬ 
ried to the outfide of the houfe, if carried to a cellar, 
larder, flair-cafe, or any lumber-room, the fame end 
will be gained ; with this further advantage, that fuch 
cellar, larder, &c. will thereby be well ventilated, and 
prevented from acquiring or retaining any unhealthy ctr 
difagreeable fmells. 
The form of the grates may be varied indefinitely ; 
but the one here deferibed anfvvers the purpofe fo well, 
and is at the fame time capable of being made, by the 
aid of a good architeft, fo highly ornamental to any 
apartment, that the reader will fully comprehend the 
facility v.'ith which it may be accommodated to circum- 
Itances. Fig. i, in the annexed Engraving, reprefents 
a grate of the improved conftrudlion, and fig. 2, is a 
fedtion of it. The air that maintains the cennbuftion is 
fupplied through the pipe or tube A, fig. 2 and fig. 4; 
or from between the under-ceiling and floor before-men¬ 
tioned, from which it [lalfes up by the back or fide of 
a drawer, B, figr4, according as it is moft convenient 
to bring it up by the one or the other ; the back how¬ 
ever is to be preferred, where convenience admits of it. 
The front of this drawer, in its place, is feen in fig. i, 
at C. 'I'he intention of this drawer is to receive the 
allies that fall from the bottom bars of the grate, fec- 
tions of which are reprefented at DD, fig. 2. The 
alhes, as .they fall from the bars, ftrike againft the fides 
of the internal cavity E, and are carried by their own 
gravity through the narrow part F, and fali into the 
drawer. This part of the conlirudtion may be eafily 
z iwderftood 
