G R A 
802 G R A 
To GRATE, v.a. \_graHer, Fr.] To nib or wear any 
thing by the attrition of a rough body.—Thereat the 
fiend his gnafliing teeth did grate. Spenfer. 
Blind oblivion fwallow’d cities up, 
And iTiiglity ftates charai'terlefs are greyed 
To dully nothing. Skakefpeare. 
To ofi'end by any thing harfh or vexatious.—They have 
been partial in the goTpel, culled and chofen out thole 
fofter and more gentle didtates which would lefs grate 
and dillurb them. Decay of Piety. 
Juft relentment and hard ufage coin’d 
Th’ unwilling word, and grating as it is. 
Take it, for ’tis thy due. Dryden. 
To form a found by collillon of afperities or hai'd bo¬ 
dies.—The grating lliock of wrathful iron arms. Skakefp. 
On a fudden open fly, 
With impetuous recoil and jarring found, 
’Th’ infernal doors, and on their hinges grate 
Harlh thunder. Milton. 
To GRATE, V. n. To rub hard fo as to injure or of¬ 
fend ; to offend, as by oppreifion or importunity.—Pa- 
radoxing is of great ufe ; but the faculty muft "be fo 
tfnderly managed as not to grate upon the truth and 
reafon of things, L’Efcrange. 
What peer hath been fuborn’d to grate on you, 
That you lliould feal this lawlefs bloody book 
Of forg’d rebellion with a feal divine > Shahefpeare. 
To make a harfli noife, as that o-f a rough body drawn 
over another.—¥/e ar? not fo nice as to' tali: away a 
lharp knife, becaufe thi6 edge of it may fometimes grate. 
Hooker. 
GRA'TE-WORK, f. A kind of work formed of 
bars put near to each other ; lattice work. 
GRA'TEFUL, adj. {^gratus, Lat.J Having a due fenfe 
of benefits; willing to acknowlege and to repay bene¬ 
fits.—Wlien fome degree of health was given, he ex¬ 
erted all his ftrength in a return of grateful recognition 
to the author of it. Fell. 
Years of fervice paft. 
From grateful fouls exa6l reward at laft. Dryden. 
Pleafing ; acceptable; delightful; delicious.—A man 
will endure the pain of hunger and tliirft, and refufe 
fuch meats and drinks as are moll grateful to his appe¬ 
tite, if lie be perfuaded that they will endanger his 
health. Wilkins. 
Now golden fruits on loaded branches fhine. 
And grateful chillers fwell with floods of wine. Pope. 
GRA'TEFULLY, adv. With willingnefs to acknow¬ 
ledge and repay benefits; with due fenfe of obligation: 
In Cyprus long fey men and gods obey’d. 
The lover’s toil Ihe gratefully repaid. Granville. 
In a pleafing manner.—Suidy detains the mind by the 
perpetual occurrence of foinething new, which may 
■ gratefully llrike the imagination. Watts. 
GRA'TPiFULNESS, f. Gratitude ; duty to bene- 
feflors. Obfolete: 
Blellings beforehand, ties of gratefulnefs. 
The found of glory ringing in our ears. Herbert. 
Quality of being acceptable; pleafantnefs. 
GRA'TELEY, an ancient village in Kamplliire, on 
the fouth-enft fide of Quarley hill, in the road from 
'Andover to Salilbury, where, in 926, king Athelllan 
lield a grand council of the nobility. ’ Near it are tlie 
velliges of a great Roman camp, and on Quarley hill 
of a large Britifii camp. 
GRATE'OLENT, adj. [from the Lat. grains, pleaf¬ 
ing, n<r.d oleo, to fmell.J Smelling gratefully. 
GRA'iER, f, [^gratoir, P'r.] A kind of coarfe file 
■with which foft bodies are rubbed to powder* 
So it is with common natures, 
Treat them gently they rebel 
But be rough as nutmeg-^rflierr. 
And the rogues obey you well. A. Hill. 
GRA'TIAN, a native of Pannonia, father tg tlie em¬ 
peror Valentinian I. He tvas ralfed to the tlirone, 
though only eight years old ; and after he luid reigned 
for fome time conjointly with his father, he became Idle 
emperor of Rome in the fixteenth year of his age. He 
foon after took, as his imperial colleague, Theodofiits, 
whom he appointed over the eaftern parts of the em¬ 
pire. His courage in the field is as remarkable as his 
love of learning, and fondnefs of philofopliy. He 
flaughtered thirty tlioufand Germans in a battle, and 
fupported the toftering ftate by his prudence and intre¬ 
pidity. His enmity to the pagan fupeiftition of bis 
fubjeifts proved his ruin ; and Maximinus, who under¬ 
took the defence of the worfhip of Jupiter and of all 
the gods, was joined by an infinite number of difeon- 
tented Romans, and met Gratian near Paris in Gaul. 
Gralian was forfaken by Ills troops in the field of battle, 
and was murdered by the rebels, A. D, 383, in the 
24th year of his age. See the article Rome. 
GRA'TIAN, an Italian benedidline monk of tlie 
twelfth century, famed for having made the fiift col- 
le6lion of canons that was ever ufed as a text-book in 
the public fchools. Fie was a native of Chiufi in Tuf- 
cany, and embraced the monaftic life in the convent of 
St. Felix at Bologna. Before his time there had not 
been wanting colleclions of canons, or laws of the 
church, compiled by dift'erent individuals; but they 
were fo de.ftitute of order and method, and fo defective 
both in matter and form, that they could not be conve¬ 
niently explained in the fchools, or made ufe of as fyfi- 
tems of ecclefiaftical polity. This circumftance in¬ 
duced Gratian to undertake the talk of compiling fuch 
a fyftem ; and, after a labour of more than twenty-four 
years, he produced, in 1151, an abridgment of canon 
law, drawn from the letters of the pontift's, the decrees 
of councils, and the writings of the ancient do( 5 lors,^ 
which in the firft edition was entitled, Concordantia dif. 
cordantium Canonum, or The Coalition of jarring Canons;, 
and was afterwards called Decretum Gratiani, or Gratian’s-. 
Decretal. The profeflbrs of Bologna were the firft 
who adopted it as their text-book in their public lec¬ 
tures ; and their example was foon follgwed by the pro- 
feffors at Pa-ris, The abbe Fleury, in his excellent; 
Difeourfe on Ecclefiaftica! Hiftory, has paffed a very 
difpafiionate judgment on its merits. The firft printed- 
edition of tliis work was publilhed at Mentz, in 1472, 
folio ; which was followed by imprellions at Venice in 
1476, and Paris in 1508. In 3580 an edition of it was 
publilhed at Rome, with the approbation of pope Gre¬ 
gory XIII. in 4vois. folio, on w'hich much labour had 
been beftowed diiriitg the pontificates of his predecefi'ors,. 
popes Pius IV. and V- with the view of correcting its 
numerous fatilts. While the Roman edition was pre¬ 
paring for tiie 5 refs, the celebrated Anthony Augullin, 
archbifhop of Tarragona-in Spain, publilhed a valuable 
treatile, De Eniendaliene Gratiani, of which the moft ac- 
ctu'ate editign is that publilhed at Paris by M. Baluze, 
in 1672, Svo. '.vitli notes. 
GRAl iCULA'TiON, y. Ifrom grate.J The aCl of 
dividing a deagn into fquares in order to divide it. Scott. 
GRATIFI'CATION,y. \_gratificatlo, The ai 5 l 
of pleafing.—Ifttey ..re incapable of any. deiign above 
the prefent gra-uf cation of their palates. SoazJ.-^Plea- 
fure; deiigitr.—Flow hardly is liis will brought to 
change all its de/ires and averfions, and to renounce 
thole gratifcations in which he has been long tiled to 
place his happinefs. Rogers. —Rev/ard ; recoinpence. 
GRATIb ICA'TOR, [from One that 
gratifies. Scott. ■ 1 
To 
