805 
G R A 
Gty to afpire after, the higheft accompliflunents of a 
Chriilian and folid virtue, as the gravejl and wifeft 
among Chriftian philofophers. Law. 
Youth on filent wings is flown; 
Graver years come rolling on. Prior. 
To laugh, were want of goodnefs and of grace ; 
And to be grave, exceeds all power of face. Pope. 
Of weight; not futile; credible.—The Roman ftate 
was of all others the mofl celebrated for their virtue, 
as the graveji of their own writers, and of ftrangers, do 
bear tliem witnefs. Grew. —Not (howy; not tawdry: as, 
a fuit of clothes. Notfliarpof found; not acute, 
—Accent, in the Greek names and ufage,- feems to have 
regarded the tone of the voice ; the acute accent raifing 
the voice, in fome fyllables, to a higlier, i.e. more 
acute, pitch or tone, and the ^rat/ede prelfing it low'er, 
and both having fome emphaiis, i.e. more vigorous 
pronunciation. Holder. 
GRAVE, a ftrong town or city of Brabant, belong¬ 
ing to the Dutch, fituated in a marfhy country, on the 
fout'h fide of the Meufe. Before the year 1323, it was 
a freehold belonging to Otho, tlie lord of Cuyck and 
Heverle, wlio delivered it that year into the liands of 
John III. duke of Brabant, with power to hold as a fief 
according to the cultoms of Brabant. It had a fortrefs 
more ancient than the town itfelf, where the lords of 
Cuyck made their ordinary refidences, but that lias been 
deftroyed fome years, and the fortifications of tlie town 
much augmented. The Brabanters and the Gueldrians 
both pretended that this city was in their jurifdidtion ; 
and the former folicited the duke, their fbvereign, at 
his inauguration, to take an oath that he would never 
give up his claims to it; this oath is found in the forty- 
ninth article of the Joyeufe Entree. In 1386, at a con- 
grefs of peace held at Bois-le-Duc, between Philip the 
Bold duke of Burgundy, and Jane duchefs of Brabant, 
on the one part; and William duke of Juliers and 
Guelders on the other ; it was agreed that it Ihould re¬ 
main to Brabant. The prince of Parma having taken 
pofleflion of it againfi: the revolters in 1586, it was be- 
lieged by prince Maurice of Nalfau, the i8th of July 
1602 ; Antoine Gonzales commanded, and the admiral 
of Aragon made many attempts to fuccour the place ; 
but not being able to force the prince’s camp,' he re¬ 
tired; and the place furrendered the 19th of Septem- 
ber. On the 28th of the fame month, the prince was 
proclaimed lord of Cuyck, and the figniory was after¬ 
wards confirmed to the family of Nalfau by the treaty 
of Munfter, concluded in 1648. The French made 
theinfelves mafter of it in 1672 ; but the prince of 
Orange, afterwards William Ill. king of England, re¬ 
took it on the 26th of Oblober 1674, after it had been 
well defended by the marquis de Chamiili, who had a 
garrifon of four thoufand men and three hundred and 
twenty-five pieces of cannon. It was taken by the 
French republican army in December 1794: tw'enty 
miles eaft of Bois-le-Duc, and thirty-four fouth-eaft of 
Utrecht. Lat. 31.46. N. Ion. 23. 16. E. Ferro. 
GRAVE (L ), a town of P'rance, in the department 
of the Higher Alps, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftribl: of Brianyon : fixteen miles north-weft of Brianyon. 
GRAVE CREEK, a creek on the Ohio river, about 
twelve miles down from Wheeling. Here is a mound 
et earth, obvioully the work of art, called an Indian 
grave. It is of a conical form, in height about eighty 
feet. It afeends in an angle of about eighty degrees. 
The diameter at the top is fixty feet; the margin en- 
clofing a regular concave, funk about four feet in the 
centre. Near the top Hands an oak, about three feet in 
diameter. It is laid the Indians have no tradition what 
nation ever buried their dead in this manner. On ex¬ 
amination, thefe mounds have been found to contain a 
calcareous fubftance, fuppofed to be bones of the hu- 
man kind. 
VoL. VIII. No. 546. 
G R A 
GRA'VF^CLOTHES, /. The drefs of the dead.— 
And he that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot 
with grave clolhes. John, xi. 44. 
GRA'VE-DIGGER, f. One who digs graves. 
GR A'VE-MAKER, yi A grave-digger.—When you 
are aftced this queftion next, fay a grave-maker-, the 
houfes that he makes laft till doomfday. Shakefpeare. 
GRAVEDO'NA, or Gravidona, a towm of Italy, 
in the duchy of Milan : forty-two miles north of Milan. 
GRAV'PiL, /. \_gravicr, Fr. graveel, Dut. gravel, Ar- 
moric'.] Hard land ; fand conliliing of very fniall peb¬ 
ble Itones.—Graw/ conlifts of flints of all the uftial 
fixes and colours, of the Icvera! forts of pebbles ; fome- 
times with a few pyritte and other mineral bodies, con- 
fufcdly intermixed, and common land. Woodward. 
So deep, and yet fo clear, we might behold 
The gravel bottom, and that bottom gold. Dryden. 
[From gravelk, Fr.] Sandy matter concreted in the 
kidneys.-—If the ^one is brittle it v.'ill often crumble,, 
and pafs in the foriit of gravel ; if the ftone is too big 
to pafs, the bell method is to come to a fort of conipo- 
fition or triice with it. Arbutlinot. 
To GRAV'EL, v.a. l o pave or cover with gravel. 
Mofs groweth upon alleys, efpecially fuch as lie cold 
and “Upon the north, as in divers terralTes ; and again, 
il they be much trodden, or if they were at tlie firft 
gravelled. Bacon. —To ftick in the fand.—William the 
Conqueror, when he invaded this ifland, chanced at his 
arrival to be gravelled-, and one of his feet ftuck fo fall 
in the fand that he fell to the ground. Camden. —To 
puzzle ; to flop ; to put to a ftand ; to embarrafs.— 
What w'ork do our imaginations make with eternity and 
immenfity ! and how are we gravelled by their cutting 
dilemmas ! Glayiville. 
Mat, who was here a little gravell'd. 
Toft up his nofe, and would have cavill’d. Prior. 
[In horfemanfliip.] To hurt the foot with gravel 
confined by the fiioe. 
GRA'VELESS, Wanting a tomb ; unburied: 
My brave Egyptians all, 
By the difeandying of this pelletted Itorm, 
Lie gravelefs. Shakefpeare, 
GRAVELI'NES, a feaport town of France, in the 
department of the North, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftridl of Bergues, fituatedon. the Englilh Chan¬ 
nel, at the mouth of the river Aa, built in the year 
1160, by Thierry count of Flanders. It is not large,, 
but well fortified with baftions, half moons, and horn- 
work, The country near it is iifterfected by canals, 
one of which goes to Dunkirk by Bourbourg, and ano¬ 
ther directly to Bergues. In 1384 this place was ruined 
by the Englifli under the command of Henry Spencer 
bilhop of Norwich, but was re-eftabliflied in 1405, when 
the Itates of Flanders intreated John duke of Burgundy 
to unite it infeparably to his own dominions. The army 
of France was defeated the 14th of July 1458, by that 
of Spain. In 1644 it was taken by the duke of Orleans, 
tincle to Louis XIV. In 1652 it was retaken by the 
Spaniards. In 1658 it was attacked by the army of 
P'rance, and furrendered after a fiege of five days. 
Since that time it has remained with France, to which 
it was ceded by the peace of the Pyrenees : three leagues 
weft-l'outh-wcft of Dunkirk, and thirteen north-weft of 
Lille. Lat. 50. 59. N. Ion. 19. 47. E. Ferro. 
GRAV'ELLINESS, f. [from, gravelly The ftate or 
quality of being gravelly. Scott. 
GR AV'ELLING, yi The adl of covering over with 
rough fand; the act of putting any one to a ftand ; the 
hurt of a horfe’s foot by means of gravel under the llioe. 
GRAV'ELLY, adj. \_gravelcux, Fr.] Full of gravel ; 
abounding with gravel; confifting of gravel.—Iftyou 
live in a confumptive air, make choice of the more 
open, high, dry, and gravelly, part of it. Harvey. 
9 T GRAVELOT'TEj 
