. G R E 
the woes of Ulyfles, which alike rcfulted from tliis fa¬ 
mous ficge, are too vvell known to be defcribed here. 
His patient fortitude regained him the kingdom of Itha¬ 
ca ; but not without wading through the blood of his 
moft illuftrious fubjefts. Had hiftory minutely recorded 
the domeftic feuds which prevailed in other ftatps, it 
would probably exhibit a difgulling picture of fraud 
and cruelty, oft'enlive to humanity, and derogatory to 
the human charatler. Suffice it to fay, that during the 
four following centuries, viz. from the year 1184, to 
775, before Chrift, the fatal elfefts of the Trojan war 
appear to have plunged the affairs of Greece into much 
diftrefs and obfcurity, and to have occafioned many and 
confiderable migrations. 
In the year 1104 B. C. a moft extenfiv'e migration totally 
changed the affairs of the Peloponnefus; and, in its con- 
fequences, gave new inhabitants to the whole wellern 
coalt of Afia Minor. The rival families of Ferfeus and 
Pelops anciently contended for the dominion of the 
Grecian peniulula. The fortune of the Pelopidas pre¬ 
vailed ; but their fiiperiority led them rather to perl'e- 
cute, than to forgive, their enemies. The defcendants 
and partifans of Hercules, the moll illuftrious hero of 
the Perfeid line, were diverted of their poffeflions, and 
driven into baniflunent. The exiles were firft received 
by the Athenians, whofe more humane or more en- 
htrged policy, rendered Attica, ever lince the reign of 
Theleus, the ordinary refource of the miferable. Their 
leader Hyllus was afterwards adopted by Epalius, the 
aged king of Doris ; and the death of their benefaftor 
foon made the Heracleidse marters of that mountainous 
province. But the wilds of Oeta and Parnalfus were 
little fitted to fatisfy men, whofe anceftors had enjoyed 
far more valuable portertions. Inftrudled by pall mif- 
carriages, Temenus, Crefphontes, and Ariftodemus, 
defcendants in the fifth degree from Hercules, finally) 
abandoned the hopelefs defign of entering the Pelopon¬ 
nefus by land I but determining to ufe every exertion 
for regaining their hereditary eftablifiiments, they fet 
themfelves, with great indurtry, to prepare tranlports 
in a convenient harbour, at the northerji extremity of 
the Corintliian gulph, whicli, in confequence of this 
tranfadlion, received, and thenceforth retained, the 
name of Naupadtus. The warlike and rapacious .)^ito- 
lians, whofe leader Oxylus was nearly related t6 the fa¬ 
mily of Hercules, readily affifted their'labours with a 
view to ffiare the booty that might accrue from the ex¬ 
pedition. The Dorians, who irdiabited the neighbour¬ 
hood of Mount Pindus, cheerfully delerted the gloomy 
folitude of their woods, in order to feek poiTellions in a 
more cultivated country. Animated by thefe reinforce¬ 
ments, the Heracleidae redoubled their diligence. All 
necelfary preparations were made for the invalion ; and, 
before letting fail, they judicfoully detached a body of 
light armed troops, whofe appearance at the iftlunus 
drew the ftrength of the enemy towards that quarter. 
Meanwhile their armament was carried by a favourable 
gale towards tlie eaftern coalt of Peloponnefus. 'i'he 
Heracleidx- landed their followers witliout oppofition, 
and alfailed the defencelefs territories to which iliey 
had long laid claim, comprehending tlis whole penin- 
fula, except tlie central province of Arcadia, and the 
maritime diftridt of Achaia. The hve other provinces 
were conquered at the fame time, though by dilterent 
means. Laconia was betrayed to the invaders; Argos 
•acknowledged their authority^ Corinili, Eiis, and Mel- 
fenia, fubmitted to their arms. The revolution was 
complete, and-efl'edrted with little bloodlhed, but not 
without great oppreliion of, the ancient inhabitants, 
many of whom were reduced to llavery. 
7 'he Heracleidas, agreeably to the cullom of that age, 
divided their new acquiiitions by lot* 7 'he kingdom of 
Argos fell to the fliare of Temenus; Crejphoi.tes ob- 
taii.ed'Meffenia; and, as Ariftodemus then happened 
to die, Laconia was fet apart for his infant Ions, the 
E C E. 835 
twin-brotliers, Euryfthenes and Procles. Corintlt was 
bellowed on their kinfman Aletes ; and Elis given to 
Oxylus, their yEtolian ally. The dirtribution, how¬ 
ever, referred only to the royal dignity, tlien extremely 
limited, and to an appropriated domain to the feveral 
princes in tlieir refpeitive allotment^ The reft ot the 
territory was divided among the W’arlike Dorians and 
HZtolians, wiio had conquered for themfelves, not 
lor their leaders ; and who, having over-run, without 
opporttion, the fineft provinces of the Peloponnelus, 
would not return to lead a life of hardlhip and milery 
on their native mountains. 
Before this important revolution, Argos and Lace¬ 
daemon were fubjebl to Tifamenus, graiulfon of Aga¬ 
memnon ; Melfenia was governed by Mehuuhus, a*de- 
feendant of the celebrated Neftor. 7 hefe princes had 
not lb far degenerated froln tlie glory of their anceftors, 
as to fubmit to become I'ubjefls in tiie countries where 
they liad long reigned. On the firft falfe alarm of inva- 
fion occafioned by the appearance of light troops at the 
ifthmus, Tifamenus and Mclanthus had taken the field 
with the flower of the Argive and Meffenian nations. 
But while they prepared to repel tlte expected inroads 
from the north, they received intelligence tliat their 
kingdoms had been attacked on anotlier fide, on w'hich 
they thouglit them Tecure 7 Inftead of returning fouth- 
ward to difpoffefs tlie Heracleidae, an enterprife too 
daring to alford any profpcdl of fuccefs, Tifamenus 
turned his arms againft tlie lonians, who inhabited the 
fouthern fhore of the Corinthian gulph. An obftinate 
battle was fouglit, which proved fatal to Tifamenus ; 
but his followers obtained a decifive victory, and, hav¬ 
ing expelled or enflaved the ancient inhabitants, took 
poffeffion of that valuable province, fo famous in later 
times under the name of Achaia. Melanthus enjoyed 
better fortune. Accompanied by his faitlilul Meft'e- 
nians, he reforted to Attica, tlien engaged in war with 
tlie neighbouring kingdom of Bceotia. 7 ''he Boeotian 
prince propofed to decide tlie contell by fingle combat, 
Thyimetes, though defeended from the heroic Theleus, 
declined the challenge. Melanthus accepted it, pre¬ 
vailed in the conflibl, and the feeptre of the depofed 
77 iyimEtes was liis reward. 
The fermentation occafioned in Greece by fo many 
expullions and migrations, expanded itlell throiigii tiie 
illands and coafts of Alia Minor. Many Pdopom.elian 
fugitives, who beheld with indignation the calamities 
inflicted on their country, floc.ked to the ftaiidard of 
Penthilus, a younger brother of 7 ifamenus, who had 
taken refuge in Eubcea. Otliers followed the banners' 
of Cleues.'and Melatis, alfo del'cendants of Agamemnon. 
7 'he partizans of all thefe princes having uiiluccelslully 
traverfed itie northern parts of Greece in quell of new 
fettleinents, finally yielded to the diclates ol their en- 
terpriung Ipirit, and, in the year before Chrill 1096, 
croifed the hellefpont eighty-eight years after tlie taking 
of T'roy, and eilablilhed themfelves along tJie Ihure 
of the ancient kingdom of Priam. 7 'hey gradually dit- 
fufed their colonies from Cyzicus on the Propontis to 
the moutli of the river Hermus; which delightful 
coiuitry, together with the ille of Lelbos, thenceforth 
received the name of Eolis or Eolia, to denote that its 
inhabitants belonged to the Eolian branch of the hlel- 
Icnicrace. 
Confequences ftill more important refulted from the 
expulfion of the Aclueans by the followers of 7 'ilanie- 
nus. The ancient inhabitants of Acliaia, being them¬ 
felves lonians, took refuge with their kiiifnien in At¬ 
tica. 7 'he Meffenian fugitives under Melanthus h;id 
fought proteClion in the lame country. 7 'he Athenians 
readily accepted thefe new acceflions of ftrength, being 
infpired with a well-founded jealoiily of the Dorian 
conquerors of Peloponnefus, wiiofe ambition early pro¬ 
duced that memorable rivallhip between tlie Doric and 
ionic race, which iublilled to the latell times ot the 
Grecian 
