■ 8,53 
G R E 
Darius, were fafely condiuTced to Sufa, Thefe unhappy 
men had every reaCon to dread being treated as viftiins 
of royal refentineii^ ; lui't, when they were conducted in 
chains to the prefence of the great king, their reception 
was very ditferent from whai-their fears naturally led 
them to expect. Wliether reflection fuggelted to Da¬ 
rius the pleafure v/hich lie might derive in peace, and 
the afliflunce which he might receive in war, from the 
arts and arms of the Eretrians, or that a ray of magna¬ 
nimity for once enlightened the foul of a defpot, he or¬ 
dered the Greeks to be immediately rele-afed, and alligncd 
them for their habitation the fertile diltridt of Anderica, 
lying in the province of Ciflia in Siifiana, at the diltance 
of only forty miles from the capital. There the colony 
remained in the time of Herodotus, .preferving their 
Grecian language and inftitutions ; and after a revolu¬ 
tion of fix centuries, their defcendancs were vifited by 
Apollonius Tyaneus, the celebrated Pythagorean plii- 
loiopher, and were llill diflingiiiflved fi'om the furround¬ 
ing nations by the indubitable marks of European ex- 
tradlion. 
The death of Darius retarded for ten years a refolu- 
tion which he had formed, and which was adopted by 
Jus foil and fuccelfor Xerxes, of refioring the luftre of 
the Perfian arms, not only by taking vengeance on the 
Athenians, but by etfedtiiig the complete conquefl: of 
Europe. The joy excited in the mean time among the 
Athenians by a vittory, which not only delivered them 
from the dread oi their enemies, but raifed them to dif- 
tingiiifhed pre-eminence among their rivals and allies, 
was confpicuous in every part of Attica ; and the mag¬ 
nificent encomiums bellowed on Miltiades in the pre¬ 
fence of his allembled countrymen, fired with emula¬ 
tion the young candidates for fame, while they enabled 
the general to obtain that mark of public confidence 
and efteem which was the utmofl ambition of all the 
Grecian leaders. But though thefe leaders, while they 
remained within the territories of their refpeClive Hates, 
were entru.lted with only that moderate authority which 
fuited the equal condition of freedom ; yet, when they 
were appointed to the command of the fleet in foreign 
parts, they obtained almoll unlimited power, and might 
acquire immenfe riche's. To this exalted llation Mil¬ 
tiades was now advanced ; and having failed with a flfect 
ot leventy gallies, the whole naval ftrength of the re¬ 
public, he determined to expel the Perfian garrifons 
from the ifles ot the Aegean ; to reduce the fmaller 
communities to the obedience of Athens, and to fubjeft 
the more wealthy and powerful to heavy contributions. 
The firft operations of the Athenian fleet were crowned 
with luccefs; feveral illands were fubdued, confiderable 
films of money were colietfed. But the fleet aniving 
before Paros, every thing pioved adverfe to th.e Athe¬ 
nians. Miltiades, who had received a perfoiial injury 
from Tifagorasj a man of great authority in that ifland, 
yielded to the diftates of private rel'entmcnt, and con¬ 
founding the innocent with the guilty, demanded from 
the P.iiians the funi of an hundred talents, near twenty 
thoufiind pounds fterling. If the money were not im¬ 
mediately paid, he threatened to lay wafte their terri.. 
tory, to burn their city, and to teach them Sy cruel ex¬ 
perience the ftern rights of a conqueror. The exorbi¬ 
tancy of the demand rendered compliance with it im- 
poflible ; and the Parians prepared for their defence. 
For twenty-(ix days they maintained poflefllon of the 
capital of the ifland, which the Athenians, after ravag¬ 
ing all the adjacent country, befieged by fea and land. 
The time now approached when Paros mulf have fur- 
rendered ; but it was the good fortune of the iflanders, 
that an extenfive grove, which happened to be fet on 
fire in one of the Sporades, was believed by the be- 
fiegers to indicate the approach of the Perfian fl,eet. 
The lame opinion gained ground among the Parians, 
who determined, by their utmofl; efforts, to preferve 
the'place, until they Ihould be relieved by the alliltance 
E' 'C E. 
of their profeddors. Miltiades had received a dangerous 
■wound during liie fiege ; and the v/eakne'fs of his body 
impaidng the faculties of his mind, he gave orders to 
draw off his troops, and reriirned with the whole fleet 
to Athens. His conduct in this expedition ill corre- 
fponded to his former fame ; and -he Toon experienced 
the inftability of popular favour, d'he Athenian citi¬ 
zens, and particularly the more eminent and.illuftrious, 
had iiniverfally their rivals and enemies. Xanfippus, 
a perfon of great diftimflion, and father of the cele¬ 
brated Pericles, eagerly feized an opportunity of de- 
prefling the charaiffer of a man which had fo long 
eciipfed that of every competitor. Miltiades was ac-- 
cufed of being corrupted by a Perfian bribe to raife the 
fiege of Paros ; the precipitancy with which he aban¬ 
doned the place, fo unlike to the general firmnef’s of 
his manly behaviour, gave a probable colour to the ac-- 
cufation ; and his enemies loudly infilled that the crime 
delerved death. But his judges were contented with 
fining him the fum of fifty talents, or ten thoufand 
pounds flerling, which being unable to pay, he was 
thrown into prifon, vvhere he loon expired of his wounds. 
But the glory of Miltiades furvived liim and the 
Athenians, however iinjufl to his perfon, were not un¬ 
mindful of his fame. At the diltance of half a cen¬ 
tury, when the battle of Marathon vi'as painted by order 
of the Hate, they diredled the figure of Miltiades to be ■ 
placed in the fore-ground, animating the troops to vic-- 
tory ; a reward which, during the virtuous fimplicity 
of the ancient commonwealth, conferred more real ho¬ 
nour than all that magnificent profufion of crowns and 
Hatties, whicli in the later times of the republic were, 
rather extorted by fear, than bcHowed by admiration. 
AriHides and ThemiHocles, who were now looked up 
to as bell qualified to fucceed Miltiades, were nearly of 
the fame age, and of equal dignity in the firH rank of 
citizens. AriHides was eminently dillinguifhed by va¬ 
lour and moderation ; and he had learned to prefer 
glory to plenfure ; the intereH of his country to his owa 
perfonal advantage ; and the dictates of juftice and hu¬ 
manity, even to the intereHs of his country. The cha- 
rafler of ThemiHocles was of a more doubtful kind. 
The trophy which Miltiades had raifed at Marathon 
diHurbed his reH. He was inflamed with a delire to 
emulate the glory of tliis exploit ; and while lie en¬ 
abled Athens to maintain a liiperiority in Greece, he 
was ambitious to acquire for himfelf a fiiperiorit^y in 
Athens; and hillory Hill leaves it quellionable, whe¬ 
ther, had an opportunity offered, he would not have fa- 
crificed the happinefs of his country to his private.inte¬ 
reH and ambition. The difeernment of AriHides per¬ 
ceived the danger of allowing a man of fuch eqiiivoctd 
merit to be entruHed with the I'ole government of the 
republic ; and on this account, rather than from any 
motives of perfonal animolity, he oppofed every mea- 
fure that might contribute to his elevation. In this pa¬ 
triotic view, he frequently folicited the faine honours 
which were ambitioufiy courted by ThemiHocles ; yet 
the intereH of ThemiHocles fo far prevailed over the 
authority of his opponent, that lie procured his own 
nomination to the command of the fleet ; with which 
he foon effeiSled the conquqH of the illands in the Aigeaii 
Sea, and thus cortipleted the defign tmdertaken by Mil¬ 
tiades. But while he acquired fame and fortune abroad,. 
AriHides increafed his popularity at home. The- op- 
polition to his power, ariling from the Iplendid elo. 
quence and popular manners of his rival, was now re¬ 
moved, and he became the chief leader of the people. 
His opinion gave law to the courts of jiiHice, .or rather 
fitch was the effedl of hki equity and difeernment, that 
lie alone became fovereign umpire in Athens. 
On the triumphant return of ThemiHocles, however, . 
from his naval expedition, the high reputation of Arif- 
tides began to fink in the minds of the people. The 
admiral had acquired confiderable riches ■, but wealth 
he. 
