901 
e K E E C K. 
iMuployed liis enterprifing valour), that lie might feize, 
in that licentious city, and bring within the reach ot 
juftice, I'everal daring violators of the Spartan laws. 
The fenaie jjrepaied waggons for conveying the prifon- 
ers, and furniihed every thing necelfary for the journey. 
A body of cliofcn horlenien was appointed to accom¬ 
pany Cinadon, who fet out without i'ulpeffing that this 
long train of preparation was dellined againd himieif. 
But no fooner had lie reached a proper diftance from 
the city, than he was feizedasa traitor, and compelled, 
by the terror of immediate death, to dilcover his ac- 
complices. Their names were fent to the fenate, who 
inftantly fecured their perfons. Cinadon, Tifamenes, a 
pried, and the other leaders of the confpiracy, were 
fcoiirged through the city, gored with indruments of 
torture, and dually put to death. 
1 lie alarm occafioned by this radi enterprife of Cina¬ 
don had fcarcely fubdded, wlwn intelligence arrived of 
the formidable preparations of Artaxerxes; againd 
Vvhom the perfiialive influence of Lyfander encouraged 
them to employ the heroic abilities of their young- 
prince, Agedlaus. In the fpring of the year 396 before 
Chrid, be left Sparta, w ith lliree thoufand Lacedaemo¬ 
nian freedmen, a.nd a body of foreign troops, amounting 
to fix tlioufand, chiefly collected from the confederate 
cities of Peloponnefus. Since the irregular and fupiiie 
condudt of Agis, in his expedition againd Argos, tJie 
Spartan kings were nfually attended in the held by a 
council of ten fenators, wiiofe concurrence was held ne- 
celTary in all public meafurcs. Agerilaus demanded a 
council, not of ten, but of thirty, Spartans : a refined 
ftroke of policy, which drongly indicates that artful 
dexterity v/itli which, during a long admiiiidration, he 
uniformly promoted the views of his intered and ambi- 
bition. By augmenting the number of the council, lie 
diininilhed its importance. Eacli member, polfefling 
lefs w-eighi and influence, felt himfelf lels concerned in 
the honour of the body ; and the whole were more eafi- 
ly fwayed and governed by the king. Lylander alone, 
wliofe name in Alla was illudrious or terrible, rivalled 
fora while the power of Agelilaus. -But the colleagues 
of Lyfander were tlie fird to difpute his pretenfions, and 
to controul his authority. Agelilaus availed himl'elf 
of their envy, and lidened to the dictates of I'elfillinefs, 
in luiinbling tlic arrogance of a man who had been the 
chief author of his own greatnefs. After a difgraceful 
xupture, which ended in an adeiSted reconciliation, Ly¬ 
fander was lent by Agefilaus and his council to com¬ 
mand the Lacedicnioniai) fquadron in the Hellelpoiit, 
an inactive and lubordinate fervice, in which lie could 
not expeCt an opportunity of performing any thing wor- 
•'thy of his ancient fame. He returned, therefore, in a 
lew months to Sparta, covered with difgrace, and vow’- 
iiig implacable revenge againd the cruel ingratitude of 
his friend, which he felt more deeply than the injudice 
cf all his enemies together. . 
Agefilaus fixed his head-quarters at Ephefus ; and 
thither Tilfaphernes fent an einbaffy, demanding the 
reafonofiuch mighty preparations. Agefilaus replied, 
That the Greeks in Afia might enjoy the lam* liberty 
with their brethren in Europe." The mell'engersof Til- 
faphenies had orders to declare, that the great king was 
inclined to acknowledge the ancient freedom and inde- 
{ lendence of tiie Grecian colonies; tliat the report of 
lis hodile intentions againd either them or the mother- 
country was totally void of foundation; and that, in 
coiifequeiice of tiie recent tranfaclions between Tilfa¬ 
phernes and Dercyllidas, ainbtifl'adors might lliortly he 
expected from Sufa, empowered to ratify a firm and 
lading peace between Artaxerxes and the Greeks. Un- 
iil tills delirable work Ihould be completed, Tilfa¬ 
phernes earneltly delired a continuation of the truce, 
which, on his lide, he was ready to feal by w'hatever 
formalities Agefilaus thought proper to require. The 
Spartan king frankly avowed his fufnicions <^f trea- 
V'^»J..V 1 ]I. He. 554. 
chery; yet, unwilling toembroil his country in an uiine- 
cellary war, he difpatched Dercyllidas, with two mem. 
bers of the Spartan council, to lenew his late engage¬ 
ments with 'I'iH'iphernes. The perfidious fatrap now 
deceived for tiie lad time. No fooner had he received 
the long-expected auxiliaries from the Ead, tlian he 
commanded Agelilaus to leave Ephefus, and to evacu¬ 
ate the coad of Alia ; if he delayed to comply, the 
weight ot tlie Perfian arms would enforce obedience. 
The prudent Spartan, while liis.. friends w’ere alarmed 
with this unexpected declaration, aHiniied an iimifua! 
gaiety of countenance, oblerving, he rejoiced to 
commence the war under Inch favourable aiifpices, 
lince the treachery ofTiiraphernes mud render tlie gods 
his enemies. 
Meanwhile he prepared to encounter the infidious 
arts of the fatrap with equal addiefs. It was indultri- 
oully given out, that he intended to march into the pro¬ 
vince of Caria, the favourite relidence of Tidapherncs, 
which was adorned by his voluptuous parks and pa¬ 
laces, and drengthened by a lortrefs, the repofitory of 
his trealiires. The intervening cities were ordered to 
mend the roads, to furnifli a market, and to prepare 
every thing necelFary to facilitate the march of the 
Grecian army. Tilfaphenies, not doubting that Caria 
was the intended feene of war, encamped with his mi- 
nierous cavalry in the plains of the Meander, in readi- 
nels to intercept the pali'age of tiie enemy. But Agefi- 
laus, having poded a lufficient gan ilon in Eplieliis, left 
that city, and turning to tiie iiortli, advanced by rapid, 
marches into Piuygia, the rich plunder of wiiicii re¬ 
warded the active diligence of his foldiers. d'he felfifli 
fatrap was unwilling to relieve the province of Pharna-. 
bazus, by weakening the defence of his own; and ac¬ 
cordingly remained inactive, dill fufpeCting an iiivafioa 
of the Greeks from Ephefus and the neighbouring fea- 
ports. During the greated part of the luimuer Ageli¬ 
laus ravaged Phrygia ; tlie barbarians were totally de¬ 
feated in I'everal rcnconnters ; and the victorious Greeks 
returned, loaded with fpoil, to winter in EpIieliis. 
In tlie Phrygian expedition, Agelilaus Itiared, and 
furpaffed, the toils of the meaned loldier, irom whom 
he rehifecl to be didiiiguiflied by his drels, his food, oR 
his coniiorts by day or night. Tlie inactive feafon of 
the year was molt diligently and ufefully emjdoyed- 
Epliefus and the neighbouring towns glowed with tb* 
ardour of military preparation. The Pluygiaii wealth 
was employed to urge the hand of indudry. Shields, 
fpears, fwords, and helmets, filled evciy magazine; 
and the inhabitants of tlie country were allured by 
great rewards to form their bed horfes to the dilcipline 
ot the field. The expeCIation of Xenophon, who beheld 
thele iritereding feenes at Ephefus, was fully gratified 
by the luccefs of the enfuing campaign. Agreeably to 
the annual revolution of offices in the Lacedaemonian 
republic, a commillion of thirty Spartans was fent early 
in the fpring to fupply the place of Lyfander and his 
colleagues. Among the meraberb of liiis new council 
Agelilaus didributed the various departments of mili¬ 
tary command. The fuperior abilities of Herippidas 
Were entruded with tite veteran army which had ferved 
Under Cyrus. Xenocles was appointed to conduct the 
Cavalry, Mygdo commanded the Aliatic levies 5 
Scythes, the Lacedaemonian freedmen ; for himfelf, as 
Ills peculiar care, the general referved the f.iithfiil and 
warlike body of Peloponnefian allies, cliolen from the 
flower and vigour of many flourilhing republics. 
Agelilaus now declared, that he would be no longer 
fatibfied with ravaging the extremities, but was deter¬ 
mined to attack the centre, of the Perlian power. He 
therefore marched towards the royal city of Sardis, and 
ravaged the adjoining territory without oppolition. 
Alter I'everal lligiit Ikirniilhes, he defeated the Perlians 
in a general engagement on the banks of the PaCtoius, 
furrounded and took their camp, in which, belideb'ther 
19 L riches; 
