G R E 
aiid the Spartans mainfiiined their fuperiority in tlie 
field ; wliile Conon, Tlirafybiiliis, and Chabrias, proved 
iuccefsful againfl Thimbron, Anaxibiiis, and the other 
navai commanders of the enemy. 
In the actual (late of Greece, the refpeffive AiccefTcs 
of the contending powers were not accompanied by pro¬ 
portional advantages. The Lacedx'monians derived 
not any permanent benefit from their victory at Coro- 
nasa, while tlieir defeat at Cnidus deprived them in one 
day of the fruit of many laborious campaigns, lince, 
with the aiTiflance of a fuperior naval force, and with 
tlie command of the Perlian treafury, Conon found little 
difficulty in detaching for ever from their dominion the 
wliole weflern coal! of Lelfer Afia. The importance of 
the fervices performed by Pliarnabazus and Conon, ex¬ 
cited the wanned gratitude in the bread of Artaxerxes. 
The merit of the Iktrap was acknowledged by his ob¬ 
taining in marriage the daughter of the great king ; 
while the patriotic Conon neither defired nor received 
any perfonal reward. He inflamed the refentment which 
both Pliarnabazus and liis mader had conceived againd 
Spartii, and encouraged them, early in the fpring, to 
fend tlieir viicorious armament towards Greece, to re¬ 
taliate the ravages wliich had been committed in the 
ead by the arms of Agefilaus, But he indrubted them, 
that if they w’ould render their vengeance complete, 
and humble the Spartan pride, they mud enable him to 
rebuild the walls and harbours of Athens; a ineafure 
by which they would inflict the deeped wound on the 
pow'er, as well as on the pride, of their ambitious ene¬ 
my. The propofal was heard with approbation ; the 
expence was liberally fupplied ; the Perlian fleet fet 
lail, reduced the Cyclades and Cythera, ravaged the 
coad of Laconia, and, after performing in detached 
fquadrons wliatever leemed mod ufeful for tlie Perfian 
feivice, aifenibled in the long-deferted harbours of the 
Phalerus, Muiiichia, and Piraius. There, the impor¬ 
tant tafle of redoring the ancient ornaments and defence 
of tlie city of Athens, was carried on and acconiplidied 
v/ith extraordinary diligence. The w ork was completed 
before the return of fpring ; and the mortifying intelli¬ 
gence, vvlien brought to Sparta, affedted the magidrates 
of that, republic with the deeped anxiety; an anxiety 
which induced them to doop to the mod luiniiliating 
terms, in order to obtain an accommodation with Arta¬ 
xerxes. 
Among the miniders employed by Spiarta to forward 
this negociation, was Antalcidas, a man whofe_ prior 
hidoiy is little known ; but who appears to have ferved 
under the daudard of Cyrus in the Eaft. Antalcidas 
was bold and fubtle, a mader in all the arts of diffimu- 
lation, and well qualified to execute an infidioiis coni- 
miffion at a corrupt court. His fuccefs was alniod en- 
fured by the imprudent management of Conon. After 
rebuilding the walls and harbours of Athens, he re- 
quelted Pliarnabazus that he might be allowed to em¬ 
ploy a fquadron of Perlian fliips, in conjunttion with 
his own, to infed the territories of Sparta and her allies. 
The fatfap readily granted this demand. But Conon, 
unmindful of the common enemy, thought only of pro¬ 
moting the ambition of his r>epublic. He failed to the 
Cyclades, to Chios, to Lefoos, and even to the coad of 
Eolis and Ionia, diiplayed the drength of his fleet, de- 
feribed the flourilliing date of Athens, and endeavoured 
to compel the Aliatics and illanders to acknowledge the 
•autliority ol their ancient metropolis or fovereign, who, 
having nlen more fplendid from her ruins, required 
only the attachment of her former allies and fuLjects, 
to refuine her wonted power and hereditary renown. 
This ablurd or ambitious condudt fiiniiihed powerful 
we.^ion^ to tlie dexterity of Antalcidas, who reprefented 
Conon as guilty of the mod unexampled audacity, ag¬ 
gravated by the fin of ingratitude, in attempting to 
alienate the king’s dominions, even by the afiiitance of 
the king’s forces, to which both his country and hhnfelf 
'VoL. Vill. No. 554. 
E C E. 005- 
owed fo many fignal benefits. Availing lilmfelf of the 
favourable impreffions whicli refiilted from this remark, 
Antalcidas declared that he had been commanded to 
offer fucli terms of peace, as were more fuitable to the 
dignity and the intered of the great king. “ The Spar¬ 
tans, he faid, refigned all pretenfions to the Greek cities 
in Afia, which they acknowledged to be dependencies 
of the Perfian empire. Wliy flvould Artaxerxes, then, 
continue to lavilh his treafure in vain? fince the Spar¬ 
tans not onlyf ceded to him the immediate objedt of dif- 
pute, but earnedly defired to promote the future prof- 
perity of his dominions, by fettling the affairs of Greece 
as bed anfwered his convenience. For this purpofe 
they were ready to declare all the cities and iflands', 
fniall and great, totally independent of each other t in 
confequciice of which there would not be any republic 
lufficiently powerful thenceforth to didurb the tran¬ 
quillity of Perfia.” Thefe terms were tranfmitted to 
the court of Siifa, that they might be approved and ra¬ 
tified by Artaxerxes, The fubtlety and condefcenfioii 
of Antalcidas was rewarded by a confiderable fum of 
money ; while the patriotifni of Conon was cuniffied 
hy immediate death or, by an ignominious coiifrnenieiit. 
His fate is varioii/ly related ; but his adfions judly rank 
him with the fird of Grecian names ; and tlie fame of 
an illudrious father was fupported and rivalled by that 
of his fon Timotheus. 
It might have been expected that a plan of accom¬ 
modation fo advantageous for Perda, would have been 
readily accepted by Artaxerxes. But the negociation 
languifiied for feverai years, partly on account of the 
temporary difgrace of Teribazus, who was fucceeded 
by Struthas ; a man who, moved by Ibnie unknown mo¬ 
tive, warmly el'poul'ed the intered of the Athenians ; 
and partly by the powerful felicitations and remon- 
drances of the Boeotian and Argive ambaffiadors, who 
accufed the dneerity, and unveiled the latent ambition, 
of Sparta. Meanwhile the war went on with unremit- 
ting adfivity. The Lacedaemonians and their allies I'al- 
lied from their drong garrifons in Sicyon and the Le. 
chsEum, to dedroy the harveds and the villages of their 
Peloponnedan enemies. The Boeotiai^s and Argives re¬ 
taliated tliefe injuries by feverai hodile incurfions into 
the territories of Sparta ; wltile the Athenians, as if 
they had again attained the command of tlie fea, built 
the w’hole vigour of their republic upon an elenient 
long propitious to their ancedors. 
The recent fplendour of Conon had for a time eclipfed 
the renown of Thrafybulns, whofe extraordinary abili¬ 
ties had twice relciied his country from tlie yoke of ty¬ 
rants. But after the death or captivity of tiie former, 
the Athenian fleet, amounting to forty fail, was en- 
truded to 7 lirafybulus ; who, having fcoured the JEge- 
an fea, failed to the Hellefpont, and compelled the in¬ 
habitants of Byzantium, and feverai other Thracian ci¬ 
ties, to abolilli their aridocratic government, and accept 
the alliance of Athens. His activity was next directed 
againd the ifle of Lelbos, in which the Laceda’inonian 
intereff was dill lupported by a confiderable body of 
troops. Having landed his men, he joined battle with 
the enemy in the neighbourhood of Meihymna, and ob¬ 
tained a complete vibfory, after killing witli his own 
hand Therimadiiis, the Spartan general. The princi¬ 
pal cities of the ifland now acknowledged the Athenian 
power, and exerted every nerve to reinforce their fleet. 
Encouraged by this luccefs, 7 hrafybuius failed towards 
Rhodes, lu order to ailid the democratic faction, which 
uniforniiy contended for the intered of Athens. Buf 
before proceeding to that illand, lie determined to mul¬ 
tiply the refources of the fleet. Tor this puipole he 
railed confiderable fupjilies from the maritime towns of 
Alia, and at length entered the mouth ot the Eurynie- 
don, and levied a heavy contribution on AfpenUii,-', the 
capital of Paniphylia. But here his good fortune failed 
^him. 7 'Jie patient timidity of the barbarians had for a 
iO X ion^- 
