V 
^03 G R E 
feveral cities, which fliould be ready to take the field 
within a limited time. 
The ambalFadors then rofe up, and Cleigenes, again 
fpeaking for the refi, declared that thefe were indeed 
noble and generous refolutions; but, unfortunately, 
could not be executed with fuch promirtitude as luited 
the urgency of the preient crifis. The dangerous fitua- 
lion of Acanthus and Apollonia demanded inftant,aid. 
lie propofed, therefore, that thofe troops which were 
ready fhould immediately take the field. The Lace¬ 
daemonians acknowledged the expediency of the advice ; 
and commanded Eudamidas, with two thoufand men, to 
proceed without delay to Macedon, while his brother 
Phoebidas collefted a powerful reinforcement, in order 
to follow him. But thel'e auxiliaries were retarded un¬ 
til the feafon for adlion had been nearly fpent. Yet 
Eudamidas, with his little band, performed very elfen- 
tial fervice. He ftrengtliened the garrifons of lucli 
places as were mod expofed to aflaults from the enemy; 
tlie appearance of a Spartan army encouraged the fpirit 
of revolt among the allies and fubjedts of Olynthus ; 
and foon after his march into the Chalcidice, Eudami¬ 
das received the voluntary furrender of Poridtea, a city 
of great importance in the ifthmus of Pallene. Such 
was the firll: campaign of a war which lafied four years, 
and was carried on under four fucceiiive generals. Eu¬ 
damidas,' too much elated by his firll (uccefs, ravaged 
the Olynthian territory, atid unguardedly approaclied 
the city; when he W'as intercepted, conquered, and llain, 
and his army difperfed or loll. 
Teleutias, the brother of Agefilaus, next alTumed the 
condudl of this dillant expedition with a body of ten 
thoufand men. He was allilled by Amyntas king of 
Macedon, and ftill more etteCtually by Derdas, the 
brother of that prince, and the governor of Elymea, 
the moll weltern province of Macedon, which abound¬ 
ed in cavalry. By the united elfotrs of thefe generals, 
the Olynihians, wlio had been defeated in various ren¬ 
counters, were Ihut up W'ithin their walls, and pre¬ 
vented from cultivating their territory. Teleutias at 
length marched with his whole forces to alTaiilt the 
place. His furprife and indignation were excited by 
the boldnefs of the Olynthian horfe, who ventured to 
pal's the river Amnias in fight of fuch a fuperior army ; 
and he ordered the targeteers, wlio were commanded 
by Tlemonidas, to repel their inlolence. The cavalry 
made an artful retreat acrofs the Amnias, and were 
fiercely purfued by the Lacedaemonians. When a con- 
fiderable part of tlie latter had likewdfe palfed the ri¬ 
ver, the Oiynthians fuddenly faced about and charged 
tiiem. Tlemonidas, with above an luindied of his com¬ 
panions, fell in the atlion. I'he Spartan general beheld 
w ith rage the fuccefsful bi avery of the enemy. Grafp- 
ing his Ihield and lance, he commanded the cavalry, 
and the remainder of the targeteers, to purfue without 
intermifiion ; and, at the head of his heavy-armed men, 
adc^anced with lels order than celerity. The Oiynthians 
attempted not to Hop their progrefs, till they arrived 
under tlie battlements. At that moment the tow'nfmen 
mounted their ramparts, and ali'ailed the enemy with a 
fhower of darts and arrows, 'and every kind of millile 
weapon. The flower of the Olynthian troops, wJio liad 
been purpofely drawn up behind the gates, tlien fallied 
forth with irrcfillible violence ; Teleutias, attempting 
to rally his men, was llain in the firll onfet; the Spar¬ 
tans v, ho attended him gave giound; the whole army 
was defeated, and purfued witli great flaiighrer towards 
Acanthus, Apollonia, Spartolus, and Potidasa. 
This dilafler, however, did not cool the ardour of 
the Spartaiis. In the year 381 before Chrifl, which was 
the ;hird of the war, tliey lent Agelipolis, v\ith a power¬ 
ful reinforcement, into Macedonia, 'i he arrival of this 
prince early in tlie fpring, revived the hopes of tlie van- 
quiihed, and confitmed the attachment of the Lacedte- 
monian allies. ' He invaded and ravaged Inch parts of 
E C E. 
the Olynthian territory tis had been fpared in former 
incurfions, and took by Itorm the llrong city of Torona. 
But in the midfi. of tliefe fuccelles he was feized with a 
violent illnefs, and died on the feventh day of the dif- 
eafe. His brother Cleombrotus fucceeded to the Spar¬ 
tan throne; and Polybiades, a general of experience and 
capacity, was invelled with the command in Macedon, 
Polybiades, after the example of his predecelTors, con¬ 
duced a powerful reinforcement againft Olynthus, which 
was completely furrouuded by land, while a fquadroii 
of Lacedaemonian gallies blocked up tlie neighbouring 
harbour of Mecyberna. The events of the (iege were 
fuch, that the Oiynthians w'ere exceedingly diflrelfed by 
famine before their obllinacy could permit tliem to ca¬ 
pitulate. They formally relinquilhcd all claim to the 
dominion of the Clialcidice; they ceded the Macedonian 
cities to their ancient fovereign ; and engaged, by folemii 
oaths, to obey, in peace and war, their Spartan confe¬ 
derates <ind mailers. In confequence of this humiliat¬ 
ing treaty, Polybiades led ofi' his viClorious array, and 
Amyntas re-e.'lablilhed liis court at Pella, which became 
thenceforth the capital of Macedon. 
Sucii was the concliifion of the Olynthian war, which 
breathed the fame fpirit with the peace of Antalcidas, 
and proved the degenerate ambition of the Spartans to 
be wholly actuated by the view of extending their own 
dominion in Greece. This felfifii policy merited the in¬ 
dignation of the wliole Grecian name, w'ho were at length 
excited againft Sparta by a very unlooked-for event. 
When Eudamidas undertook the expedition againll 
Olynthus, it was intended that his brother Phoebidas 
fliould follow liim at the head of eight thoufand men. 
Tliia powerful reinforcement marched from Peloponne- 
fus, and, in their journey northwards, encamped in the 
neighbouriiood of I hebes, which was then divided by 
the inveterate hoftility of contending faiftions. Hnienias 
headed the deinocratical party ; Leontiades fupported 
the intereft of Sparta and ofariilocracy. It is not cer¬ 
tain that Pheebidas had any orders to interfere in this 
dilTenfion, when lie was accofled by Leontiades, “who 
exhorted him to feize the opportunity, wiiicli fortune 
had thrown in his way, of performing a fignal i'ervice to 
his country.” He then explained to the Lacedaemonian 
the diftraCled Hate of Ti hebes, and tlie facility with 
which lie might become mailer of the citadel; fo that, 
while his brother Eudamidas was carrying on the war 
againH Olynthus, lie himfell would acqiiire poH'eflion of 
a much greater city, 'i he mode of executing their plan 
was foon fettled. To elude ftifpicion, Pheebidas made 
the ufual preparations for continuing his journey, when 
he was fuddenly recalled by bis afl’oeiate. It was the 
month of J uly, when tlie Theban matrons celebrated the 
feilival of Ceres, and prayed that bountiful divinity to 
preferve the hope of a favourable liarveft. The appro¬ 
priated feene of their female worlhip was the Cadmasa, 
or citadel, of which the gates had been purpofely thrown 
open, and which was totally defencelefs, as tlie males 
were univerlally excluded from this ceremony. Every 
circumHance compiled to facilitate tlie defign of Leon¬ 
tiades, wlio conducted the Lacedaemonians to the for- 
trefs, without finding the fnialleH oppofition. He im¬ 
mediately defeended to the lenate, which was then fitting 
in the market-place ; declared tiiat the Lacedaemonians 
liad aCHed by his advice, and v/ithout any purpofe of 
hoHility; feized Iimenias as a diHurber of the public 
peace, and ordered tlie other leaders of the republican 
fadtion to be taken into cuHody. Many were caught and 
imprifoned, and about four hundred eicaped to Atheiis, 
During five years the Spartans maintained, in the 
Cadniasa, a garrifon of fifteen liundred men; during 
which time molt of the citizens futt'ered fimilar calami¬ 
ties to thole which afflicted Athens under the thirty ty¬ 
rants. The feverity of the government at lengtli drove 
the Thebans to delpair; and both the perfecuted exiles 
abroad, and the opprcli'ed fubjedls at home, prepared to 
embrace 
