933 
GREECE. 
hat’i rnbinitted fo the dominion of the Macedonians ; 
and, in concert wiili the inhabitants, took f’uch mea- 
fnres as feemed niofl proper to protedt the Athenian 
allies in tiiofe parts, from future danger. Thefe meri¬ 
torious fei'vices of Piiocion were felt and acknowledged 
by the co'.nmunities whom he had prote6ted and re¬ 
lieved. The deliverance of the Cherfonefus, of Perin- 
thus, and of Byzantium, was tedified by crowns, Ibi- 
tiies, inferiptions, and altars ; and are ftili recorded in 
an oration of Demofthenes, which has del'ervedly fur- 
vived thofe perilhing monuments of gold and marble. 
Difappointed in his deligns tipon Byzantium, Philip 
turned his arms againlt Atheas, king or chief of Scythia 
.Minor, now called Little Tartarv, who had recently ia- 
fulted the Macedonian ambafladors that had been fent 
to treat of an amicable alliance witli him. Piiilip reaped 
fuch fruits from this expedition, as might be expedted 
by a victory over a people who h.id no king but their 
general, no god but their fword, and no cities but the 
ground on wj)ich tliey occafionally encamped with their 
Jierds and families. Tite f[)oil contifted in ar;ns, cha¬ 
riots, twenty thoufand robuft^captives, and a greater 
•number of mares, deftined to replenilh the ttuds of 
Macedonia. But while Pliilip marched at the head of 
his army, thus encumbered with baggage and fpoil, a 
very unexpedted event threatened to terminate at once 
his glory and liis life. Allured by the hopes of fliaring 
the warlike plunder of the Scythians, the barbarous 
Tribal!i, a people who h.ad been often conquered, but 
never fubdued, vigoroudy alTaulted the Macedonians, 
entangled amidlt the intricate windings of the moun¬ 
tains of Moefia. 'I'he confufion and the danger was 
fuch as demanded the utmoll: exertions of tlie king of 
Macedon, who liunmoned all the fortitude and firmnels 
of his nvind. With his voice and example he conducted 
his faithful guards to the heat of the battle, and fought 
witli umtxampied bravery, till the fame weapon which 
pierced his horfe, laid him fenfelefs on the ground. 
The young Alexander, who fought near his lide, de- 
rived peculiar glory front laving the life of his father, 
■whom Ite covered with his lliield, and defended by bis 
fword, until his attendants conveyed him to a place of 
fafety ; the fon immediately fticceeded to the com¬ 
mand, and the barbarians were routed and put to Bight. 
Pltilip’s wound was attended with an incurable lame- 
nefs, which he bore with ntuch impatience. His mag¬ 
nanimous fon endeavoured to remove his anxiety, by 
alking, how he could be chagrined at an accident, which 
continually rentinded him of his valour. 
The Macedonian army now haftened through Thrace, 
■where Philip was met by deputies from the Arnphicly- 
onic council, appointing him general of tlteir iorces, 
and requeuing him to march into Greece, to reprels the 
warlike preparations of the Athenians,who had equipped 
a fleet far fuperior to tiie naval Itrength of Macedon. 
The troops and partifans of that kingdom were driven 
from tlieir arnbuflies in Megara, and in the neighbour¬ 
ing territories, where they had long watched an oppor¬ 
tunity of deftroying the power of Athens. Demofthenes, 
and Hyperides, an orator fecond oniy to Demofthenes, 
were difpatched into th.e Peloponnefus and other parts 
of Greece, to perfuade tiie feveral republics to fecond 
tiie generous ardour of the Athenians, whofe recent fuc- 
cefs under Phocion added great weight to the arguments 
and eloquence of thole illuftrious llatefmen. 
To counteract thefe menacing preparations, Philip 
employed feveral fecret engines, which were calculated 
to work very deftruttively upon the Athenians. I'here 
was a man at Athens named Antiphon, who infinuated 
himfelf into the popular ali'embly without the legal qua- 
lilication. This defed' palled long unobferved, but was 
at length detected by Demofthenes, wlien he was driven 
into exile, and became an adive incendiary in the pay 
of the king of Macedon. It was agreed between Pliilip 
and Antiphon, tliat the latter Ihould return to Athens 
iii difguile, mlinuate himfelf into tlie Pirieus, and lie 
i 
there in concealment, until he found an opportunity to 
fet fire to the Athenian docks, and thus deftroy at once 
the flieet-anchor of the republic. But the vigilance of 
Demofthenes difeovered this defperate defign, v/hen 
on the point of execution. He immediately flew to 
the Pirieus, dragged Antiphon from h.is concealment, 
diverted him of his difguile, and produced him at tiie 
bar of the alffinbly. Torture, whicJi the inftitution 
of domeftic flavery had rendered familiar in Greece, 
extorted from him a relinStant confeilion ; and liis enor. 
moiis guilt was puiiiflied with as enormous feverity. 
PJad the deteftable enterprife of Antiphon fucceeded, 
Philip would have obtained his purpofe of ruining 
Atliens by a ftroke of the meaneft perfidy. It was on 
this occafion that Demofthenes exclaimed, “ Philip is 
diftinguiflied above all his predecefibrs for coilediing 
together the fouleft enemies of Grecian freedom. His 
meai'iires required the co-operation of traitors, and trai¬ 
tors he found more corrupt and more dexterous than 
ever appeared in any former age ; and, what is moft 
worthy of remark, the principal inftruments of his am¬ 
bition flourifhed in the very bofom of that irate, whofe 
public councils mo'ft openly oppofed his greatnefs,” 
The feafon for convening at Delphi tlie vernal alfem- 
bly of tiie Ampliidlyons, now approached ; and the 
Athenians particularly diffinguifhed their pious munifi¬ 
cence, by fending, among other dedications, feveral 
golden fhields, with the following infeription : “ Taken 
from the Medes and Theibans when they fought againft 
Greece.” This ottering, highly ofFenlive to the Tlieban 
deputies, was prematurely fiifpended in the temple; 
• the Thebans murmured, the Amphidtyons liftened to 
their coniplaints, and it was afferted in tlie council, that 
the Athenians deferved puniihment for prefeiuing their 
gift to the god, before it bad been confecratevl with the 
other offerings. Pretending high indignation at thefe 
murmurs, -SCfchines ruftied into the afl'embly, and be¬ 
gan a fpirited defence of his countrymen; when iie was 
rudely interrupted by a Locrian of Amphiffa, a city 
only eight miles diftant from Delphi, which growing 
populous and powerful on the ruins of Crilla and Cirrha, 
had ventured to cultivate tlie Cirrhean plain, which, 
near three centuries before, had been defolated by the 
Amphiclyons, folemiily confecrated to Apollo, and de¬ 
voted to perpetual fterility. The artful Locrian, afiett- 
ing a religious zeal not left ardent than the patriot!fm of 
Hifcliines, clamoroufly interrupted that orator, calling 
aloud in the alfeinbly, that it ill became the dignity of 
tlie Amphidlyons to hear with patience the juftifica- 
tion, much left the praifes, of Athens, a city impiofis 
and profane, which, in defiance of human and divine 
laws, had fo recently abetted the execrable faerriege of 
the Pliocians. 
^I'chines, in reply, not only juftified the innocence, 
but dilplayed the illuftrious merit of the Athenians; 
and then addrefling the Amphi£lyons with a look pe¬ 
culiarly earneft and expreflive, “ Say, ye Grecians ! 
fliall men who never knew the exalted pleafures of 
virtue and renown, be fuffered to tear from us the 
ineftimable rewards of glory Ib juftly earned : Shall 
men, tliemfelves polluted by facrilege, and already de¬ 
voted to deftrudtion by the moft awful imprecations, 
prelume to call the Athenians profane and impious i 
Look down, ye reverend guardians of religion ! look 
down on that plain, (pointing to the Cirrhean plain, 
which might be feen from the temple,) behold tliele 
lands anciently devoted to the god, now appropriated 
and cultivated for the private emolument of the Am- 
piiilfeans; behoid the numerous buildings which they 
have eredted there, and that accurfed port of Cirrha, 
juftly demoliftied by bur anceftors, now rebuilt and for¬ 
tified.” .(Sfehines here read the oracle of Apollo, 
which condemned that harbour and thofe lands to per¬ 
petual defolatiou. Then proceeding with increaled ve¬ 
hemence, he laid, “Ye Grecians! I (wear, that I rny- 
felf, my children, my country, will difeharge our duty 
to 
