950 G R E 
to Celauria, a fmall ifland oppoflte to Troezene. An¬ 
tipater, informed that tlie orator had eluded his ven¬ 
geance by flight, difpatched Archias to feize him. But 
iDemofthenes, anticipating the defigns of the tyrant, 
fwallovved poilbn, and died at the foot of the altar, 
wliere lie had taken fandfuary.—See tlie article De¬ 
mosthenes, vol. V. p. 715, 
Perdiccas, who iiad formerly married Nicea the daugh¬ 
ter of Antipater, was now delirous of efpoufing Cleo¬ 
patra, filler of the late king. So near an alliance with 
the family of Alexander would, he expected, fecurc to 
liim the throne. Antigonus penetrated the defign of 
Perdiccas, and forefaw that the fuccefs of the regent 
would be his own deftrudfion ; lie tlierefore pafled over 
into Greece, and difclofed to Antipater the plan which 
Perdiccas had formed for obtaining the fovereignty. 
Ptolemy alfo was engaged in tlieir interell ; and prepa¬ 
rations were made for frufirating the projedfs of the re¬ 
gent. Ptolemy alfoTemonflrated with Perdiccas on the 
inequality of tlie arrangements which had been made in 
tlie empire, and was the firfit of the united chiefs who 
prepared to adl the part of an independent fovereign. 
Perdiccas deliberated whether he lliould march into 
Egypt againfi; Ptolemy, or firlt diredl his courfe towards 
Macedonia againft Antipater and Craterus. The pre¬ 
parations, however, which Ptolemy had made, fecmed 
too ahirming to admit of delay ; it w’as therefore re- 
I'olved, that Perdiccas fliould march againft him, while 
Eumenes, ivith a numerous body of forces, guarded the 
Afiatic provinces againft Antipater and Craterus. Af¬ 
ter undergoing conliderable fatigue, the regent puffed 
the Egyptian frontier. Hoftilities immediately com¬ 
menced, and vigorous efforts were made by the royal 
troops againft Ptolemy, but in vain. His forces were 
luiifoimly victorious; and the foldiers of Perdiccas, 
dejected by their ill fuccefs, mutinied, and flew him in 
]iis tent. 
During thefe tranfaCtions the other parties were not 
inactive : Aiitipater entered Cilicia with an intention 
of affilting Ptolemy in Egypt; and Craterus was de¬ 
tached with the remainder of the forces againft Eunie- 
nes, w ho was then in Cappadocia. The reputation of 
Graterus was fo great among the Macedonians, that it 
was expected w hen he appeared in the field, all the na¬ 
tional troops ol the hoftile army would immediately re¬ 
volt, and arrange themfelves under his banner. Eu¬ 
menes was aware of this danger, and in order to guard 
againft it, kept his army ignorant of the enemy againft 
whom tiiey had to contend, and polled the foreign 
troops oppoflte the Ivlacedonian foldiers. By that 
cautious management the forces under the command 
©t Eumenes never knew againft whom they fought, 
until they beheld Craterus breathlel's on the field of 
battle. By his death, Philla, the daughter of Antipa¬ 
ter, whom lie had married, was left a widow. Prom a 
tvvo-fold caufe, therefore, Antipater mult have been af¬ 
flicted by the lofs of Craterus. He was not, however, 
doomed to mourn long ; a palliative was foon brought 
I'.im, wl'.ich was tlie intelligence of the death of Per¬ 
diccas. la confequence of that event, Antipater was 
lolicited to join the army in Syria, in order to make 
new arrangements for the government of the empire. 
He therefore haftened thither, and upon his arrival was 
unanimoully elected protector of the tw'o kings. 
As loon as he was invelled with th.is authority, he 
made a new partition of the provinces, in which all 
thofe were excluded who had elpouled the interefts of 
Perdiccas and Eumenes. Seleucus, who had great au- 
ihority li om tlie command of the cavalry, obtained the 
government ot Babylon, and afterwards became the molt 
powerful ol all Alexander’s fuccelfors. Antipater hav¬ 
ing adjulted matters in Afia, fent Antigonus with ait 
army againft Phimenes. His ton Callander was alio ap¬ 
pointed to the command of a conlidcrablo body of 
iioops, with lecret injunctions to guard with a jealous 
E C E. 
eye the proceedings of Antigonus. Antipater then re¬ 
turned to Macedon ; and Antigonus prepared to aCt 
with vigour againft Eumenes. An engagement took 
place in the year before Glirift 320, in which Eumenes, 
by the treachery of one of his foldiers, was completely 
defeated. This difeomfiture, however, occafioned one 
of the molt extraordinary aCtions of his life : he return¬ 
ed unperceived to the field of battle, burned tlie bodies 
of his llain companions, and railed over their allies a 
mound of earth ; then difmiffing the lick and wounded 
of his army, he retired with fix hundred men to the 
caftle of Nora, a place of great llrength on tlie frontiers 
of Cappadocia, in which lie fiiftained a liege of twelve 
months, againft the whole llrength of Antigonus’s army, 
and at lengtli forced it to retire. 
Antipater did not long furvive his return from the 
Afiatic expedition. Finding his end approaching he 
all'embled tlie friends of his country, and gave them iii- 
ItruCtions relative to the courfe of conduct, which it 
was equally their duty and their intereft to purfue. It 
was neceffary to appoint a governor over Macedon, and 
a regent of the empire. He knew the importance of 
thofe ftations, and was fcnfible that his own glory and 
reputation, the intereft of the ftate, and the preferva- 
tion of the Macedonian empire, required a perfon to be 
nominated whole age and experience would command 
authority and refpeCt. Under thefe impreffioiis he be- 
queathed to Polyperchon, the eldelt of all Alexander’s 
captains at that time in Europe, the two high ofiices 
ot protector and governor of Macedon. Thus did he 
facrifice the intereft of his own family to that of the 
empire, and died full of years and glory. 
Call'aiider, who was at that time in Afia, apprehending 
in what a perilous lituation his father Antipater’s death 
had left himfelf and the friends of the late adminiltra- 
tion in Macedon, was refolvcd to attempt fomething for 
their ftability. He revolved in his mind tlie high cha¬ 
racter of Polyperchon ; and his ambition prompted him 
to attempt the recovery of that oftenlible command, of 
which he had been deprived by the will of his father. 
Under the pretence, therefore, of taking the diverfion 
of Jiuiiting, he engaged feveral of his friends to accom¬ 
pany him into the country, where he freely difclofed his 
mind. He expatiated on the dangers that threatened 
them from the junction of interefts between Polyperchon 
and Olympias, who was the implacable enemy ofAntipa- 
ter’s friends, and whom the proteCtor had recalled trom 
her retirement in Epirus,and had appointed her to fiiperin- 
tend the rearing of Alexander, the loii of Roxana, tiis re- 
nioiiftraiices produced the clefired eft'eCt; and many avow¬ 
ed themfelves his partifans, in whofe confidence he re- 
folved to act independently and openly. But while 
Cafl'ander was thus employed in forming projects for 
lubverting the goveriinieiit, Polypcrclvon was equally 
bufied in fecuriiig his dominions in Greece. He had 
held a council of ftate, in which it was determined that 
all the governors whom Antipatcr had appointed in the 
Grecian communities lliould be difplaced, and that dc. 
mocracy lliould be every-where re-eftablilhed. The 
main object of this ediCt was to break the power of the 
late governors; but they were unwilling to fubmit to a 
decree which evidently tended to their prejudice ; they 
therefore inltaiitly joined Callander. Athens being of 
more confequence to the Macedonian government tlian 
any other Cjieciaii ftate, the eyes of all men were turned 
oil Nicaiior, governor of that city. Had Nicauor im¬ 
mediately complied with the injunctions of the ediCl, 
moll of the other cities and ftates in Greece‘would have 
followed his extumple : but lie expffeffed a diffidence at 
fii It, and after I’ome further procraltination, leized aad 
fortified himfeit in tlie Pirteus. 
The Aflienians, provoked at the coiiduCt of Nicaiior, 
determined to rid themfelves of thofe that feeined to 
oppofe the views of the edict, and the renewal tof tlieir 
democraticul form of governmeat. For that purpole 
they 
