951 
G R E 
they turned their fury upon the patriotic Phocion, and 
fonie of the moll diflingiiifiled citizens of Athens. 
Thefe withdrew from the rage of tlie people, and threw 
themfelves on the mercy of Alexander the fon of Poly- 
picrchon, wlio was entering Attica with a powerful 
army; and by this time alfo the prote( 5 lor himfelf was 
at hand, with Philip Aridieus, and another large body 
of forces. Alexander, having heard Phocion and the 
other fugitives relate their account of the matter, was 
convinced of their innocence, and in confequence fent 
letters of recommendation with them to his father ; but 
fcarcely were they arrived at the camp of the regent, 
when deputies came from Athens, accufing tliem of 
liigh treafon. Polyperchon was at a lofs for fome time 
how he fliould a£l : at lengtli he gave orders that Di- 
narchus, a Corinthian, fliould be put to death ; while 
Phocion and his comjianions were bound and fent back 
to Athens, with tliis medage, “That though he was 
convinced they had been traitors to their country, yet 
he left them to the judgment of the Atlienians as a free 
people.” Phocion, Nicocles, Aheudippus, Agamon, 
and Pythocles, were fentenged to fuffer death ; and De¬ 
metrius Phalereus, Callimedon, Cii iricles, and others, 
were condemned in their abfence. Many perfons placed 
garlands on their heads, and demonfirated all the fatis- 
fadlion that could h ive been felt had the mofl jiowerful 
enemy of the public fuifered a defeat. An intimate 
friend took tlie opportunity of afking Phocion, as they 
were bearing him to execution, if he had any commands 
to his fon. “ Only,” replied he very coolly, “ that he 
forget the ill treatment wdiich his father received from 
the Athenians.” In a very fhort-time, however, the 
Athenians paffed from one extreme to the other. They 
recollefted the manifold fervices'Phocion had perform¬ 
ed to the flate ; and therefore decreed the viillim of 
their rage a flatue of brafs ; and paffed an adt that his 
accufers fliould be put to death. Agonides, who was 
the principal perfoii in promoting the plot againfl him, 
was feized and executed ; but Epicurus and Demophi- 
lus fled, Phocion’s fon, however, purfued and flew 
them. 
While thefe things were tranfaiSling, Caffander, in the 
year before Ciirifl 318, feeing no hopes of fuccefs to his 
undertaking in Europe, judged it neceflary to try fome 
other quarter. Antigomis, he was fenfible, would be 
ready to oppofe any perfon that fliould poflefs the high 
office of proteftor of the kings ; and to him, therefore, 
lie determined to ajiply for affiflance. Antigomis re¬ 
ceived Caffander with the greatefl kindnefs. He hated 
Polyperchon ; and to execute vengeance on him he faw 
would be the fhortefl road to the conquefl of Afia, wdiich 
was the great objedt of his ambition. The forces wdiich 
Caffander obtained of Antigomis were not numerous, 
but to a man of his enterprifing genius, any number of 
troops proved of confiderable importance, and were ca¬ 
pable of achieving great exploits. With thefe rein- 
j'orcements he failed for Athens, and entering the Pineus 
with his fmall fleet, was welcomed to Greece by Nica- 
nor. Polyperchon, being informed of the arrival of 
Caffander, inflantly refolvcd to bring him to action. 
For that purpofe, he aff'embled a large army, and march¬ 
ed into Attica. But the numerous forces which he had 
collected, foon caufing a fcarcity of proviflons in that 
country, induced the proteClor to alter the meafures,he 
had firfl propofed. l.eaving troops, tlierefore, under 
the command of his fon Alexander in Attica, who had 
orders to obferve the motions of the enemy, and to keep 
them in check, he marched with the reft of lire army 
into Peloponncfus, where lie knew his opponent had 
many friends. By this time Clytus, with the Macedo¬ 
nian fleet, had let fail to meet tliat of Caffander, which 
was under the conduct of Nicauor. A battle was' 
fought, in wdiich this latter commander was defeated, 
and obliged to betake himfelf to fliglit. The fleet of 
bJicanor, however, being refitted, and reinforced by 
E C E. 
light-armed troops fent over in barks by Antigomis, he 
foon found himfelf in a condition to face the enemy 
again. Having, therefore, put to fea, he came up with 
the fquadron ot Clytus, w hilfl at anchor at Byzantium, 
and obtained a comjilete vidtory. After the engage¬ 
ment, Clytus himfelf was killed by an infurrcdlion of 
, the foldiers of Lyfiniachus. 
In the mean time Polyperchon had entered Pelopon- 
nefus, w here he determined that his commands fliould 
be obeyed, and in cafe of refufal, threatened to inflidt 
the mofl fevere punifliment. This v/as carried into ex¬ 
ecution in mofl of the Grecian communities ; and dif- 
cord, flaughtcr, and confufion, every-where prevailed. 
Thofe who had borne any office under tlie adniinillra- 
tioii of Antipater vvere put to death, or driven into ba- 
nillimcnt. Thefe tyrannical adds excited tlie juff odium. 
ol the difeerning part of the people, who began in con¬ 
fequence to delert his caufe, while CdHaiider was ga¬ 
thering frefli ftrength in Attica. After Nicanor had de¬ 
feated Clytus, he again refumed the government of the 
Pyraeus. Caffander, fenfible of the lerviccs which Ni¬ 
canor had rendered to his caufe, fficw'ed him the greatefl 
attention and refpedf. They were upon the mofl friend¬ 
ly terms, when fome perfon acquainted Caffander that 
tile governor had a defigii to make himfelf fovereign of 
Attica. It happened alfo that Nicanor liad reludtautly 
complied with admitting Calfander’s troops into fome 
of his torts ; a circuniftance wliich, being united with 
that report, awakened further fufjficion. In order, 
therefore, to have Nicanor deflroyed, Caffander pofted 
fome of his men in an empty houfe, and requefled the 
governor to meet him there, under pretence of confult- 
iiig about matters of importance. Nicanor appeared, 
and when he entered, was attacked and murdered by 
tlie affaffins. This fanguinary nieafure roofed the in¬ 
dignation of Nicanor’s friends; but when they confi- 
dered that Caffander was already in poffTeffion of the 
Ilroiigefl part of Athens, and tliat Polyperchon would 
not be able to grant them much affiflance, they judged 
it proper to ftiffe their ref'entmeiit, and to fubniit quiet¬ 
ly to their fate. The engaging manners of Calfander 
contributed not a little to reconcile the Athenians to 
his government; but his condefcenrioit favoured more 
ot the crafty than of the geiieroas prince. 
Among tlie firfl a£ls of his power lie appointed De¬ 
metrius Phalereus to be governor of Athens; he was a 
perfon of, quality, a defeendant of Coiion, and pofTeffed 
of extenfive property; but neither his birrli nor liis for¬ 
tune was equal to his virtues. Tlie moderation and 
inildnef's which he difplayed towards tlic governed, 
procured him the efteem and affedlion of the people. 
They were foon induced to repofe the greatefl confi¬ 
dence in his wifdom and integrity, and that confidence 
he did not betray. The power which he might eafily 
have converted into tyranny, he employed in .promoting 
the wealth and grandeur of the Atlienia.ns. He in- 
creafed their public revenues; adorned the city witlv 
many flately and magnificent flruTures, and reflored 
Inch as were likely to fall through the injuries of time. 
In every other refpeCl he exhibited fuch iiidifputable 
marks of affedlion and regard for the people o\mr whom 
he prefided, that they bellowed on liim very conlidcra-- 
ble honours. 
The difgrace which Polyperclioa had in the mean 
time fulhiiiied, made the proiedlor fenfible tliat lie had 
no cliance of affuniiiig tlie I'overeignty of Greece. He 
was coiifequentiy obliged to content himfelf with Ma- 
cedoii. Attica was now beyond die reach of his jiower; 
];e therefore recalled Olympias from Epirus,''to fanetiuii 
by her prcfeiice the new admiiiiltratioii uf Maeedon. 
Previoully to her quitting Epirus, file had written io Eu- 
inenes, tlien leading an army a.gainfl Antigoiius in Ali.i, 
defiring his adv.ee, v.hexher fhe fliould remain in her 
preleiit fituation, or relu'rn into Macedonia. Eunienes, 
who always had her iiuerefl at heart, informed her tliat 
4 he 
