G ^ E 
the ’country. The battle was fought near the fea ; and 
Eumenes, havinglhe fiipieriority in infantry, again routed 
tJie phalanx of Antigonus; but the enemy’s horfe had 
tlie advantage through tlie treachery of Pauceftes, com¬ 
mander of the cavalry, who had fecretly gone over to 
Antigonus. In this fituation of the army, Teutamus, 
who commanded the troops called the argyrafpida, or 
filver-fliields, anchwho had long inclined to Antigonus, 
took the opportunity of delivering up Eumenes, who 
was feized, and his hands bound behind him. He was 
thus Ihamefully conduced to the camp of Antigonus, 
who kept him a few days in confinement, and then com- 
manded him to be executed. 
The late fuccefs of Antigonus opened a wide field 
for ambition, and he formed the defign of making him- 
felf mafter of ail Afia. Many of the commanders,' who 
lately oppofed him, after the profperous'event of this 
battle, haftened to make their fubmifiion, and to proffer 
their aid and fiipport in his undertaking. He readily 
accepted their acknowledgments of his fuperiority, but 
determined to lellen their number. He facrificed feve- 
ral of the inferior governors to his ambition ; and, had 
not Seleucus (till flood in the way, it is probable that 
his refentment and fufpicions would have been allayed. 
Seleucus had performed many lignal fervices to Anti¬ 
gonus, who, neverthelefs, demanded an account of the 
revenues of his province, which difcovered that he 
confidered him as a dependent. Seleucus, afioniflied at 
this requelt, replied that he did not confider he was any 
more obliged to give an account, than Antigonus had 
to demand it; fince the province of Babylon had been 
conferred on him by the Macedonians, as the reward of 
his fervices. Antigonus perfified in his right to have 
fatisfaftion, and began to threaten. Seleucus, there¬ 
fore, conlidering the great power of his enemy, and the 
little profpedl there was that he (liould be able to refift 
him, got together a body of fifty horfe, and, quitting 
Babylon in the night, fled into Egypt. 
That they might be more fecure in their polTeflions, 
Ptolemy, Lyfimachus, Caflander, and Seleucus, now 
entered into a confederacy, whereby they were bound 
to maintain the rights of each other. Antigonus being 
informed of this mealure, determined to proceed Imme¬ 
diately to hoftilities, and to obtain, if pollible, the pro¬ 
vinces of Syria and Phoenicia, which were at that time 
in the pofleflion of Ptolemy. Accordingly he marched 
an army with the greateft expedition; and before the 
enemy were aware of his approach, moft of thofe pro¬ 
vinces fubmitted to him. Finding that he could not 
carry on a fuccefsful war againfl: fo many powerful 
princes, unlels he could procure a fleet to co-operate 
with his land-forces, he ordered vaft quantities of tim¬ 
ber to be cut upon mount Libanus, and in other parts 
of his dominions ; and before the end of the year he 
was ready to put to fea with five hundred fail. His firft 
expedition was direded againfl Tyre, which, after a 
fiege of four months, opened its gates to hhn. But 
when Antigonus was informed, that while he was thus 
employed in Phoenicia, Caflander had led his forces to¬ 
wards the coafl of Afia Minor, and had made himfelf 
mafler of feveral provjnces, he marched to oppofe him. 
In a fliort time, he encamped in the neighbourhood of 
CafTander; but that commander, fenfible of the infe¬ 
riority of his troops in point of numbers, wifely de¬ 
clined an engagement. 
During the time of the expedition of Antigonus into 
Alia Minor, Ptolemy Lagus entered Syria with a nuine- 
rous army ; but he had advanced no farther than Gaza, 
when Demetrius, who had been left to command the 
troops in thofe parts during the abfence of his father, 
offered him battle, Ptolemy did not decline tJie en¬ 
gagement, but attacked and defeated the army of the 
enemy-. Demetrius, finding it impoflible to relifl the 
victorious forces, abandoned Phoenicia, Paleftine, and 
Syria, to the conqueror. Ptolemy, flufhed with his 
. VoL. VIII. No. 558. 
E C E. 953 
fuccefs, difpatched Cilles, one of his generals, with a 
very confiderable army, to expel Demetrius from Upper 
Syria, where he, with the remains of his forces, had re¬ 
tired. Demetrius, having received intelligence that 
Cilles was marching againfl him, determined to fall 
upon him unawares; and he executed his defign with 
fuch celerity, that he totally defeated the enemy, and 
took feven thoufand prifoners, in the number of whom 
was Cilles himfelf. When Antigonus, who was in 
Phrygia, received the news of this viiflory, he joined 
his troops to thofe of his fon, and, obliging Ptolemy to 
retire into Egypt, the provinces of Syria, Phoenicidj 
and Judea, again became fubjedl to their former mafler. 
The defeat of Demetrius, however, at Gaza, enabled 
Ptolemy to aflift Seleucus in his claims on Babylon. 
Accordingly Seleucus was furniflied with a fmall body 
of troops, with which he marched to attempt the re¬ 
covery of his kingdom. The army he commanded did 
not amount to more than thirteen hundred men, and he 
had to condudt them through that extenfive territory 
which lies between Phoenicia and Babylon, many dif- 
tribis of which were in the interefl of Antigonus ; but 
he accomplifhed his purpofe, and was reftored to a 
command to which his abilities and virtues juftly enti¬ 
tled him. The attachment of his people, together with 
the vigour of his own mind, fecured to him the pro¬ 
vince of Babylon, and fome neighbouring flates. 
Antigonus and Demetrius were now become the ene¬ 
mies of the whole Macedonian government. In Eu¬ 
rope the difmemberrnent of the empire was dreaded ; 
and in Afia and Africa, they expefted a fovereign that 
would be equally arbitrary and defpotic. All became 
alarmed, and were ready to liflen to any propofals which 
might feem calculated to afford them relief. A g'eneral 
confederacy was, therefore, formed againfl Antigonus 
and Demetrius ; but the activity and refources of thefc 
generals appeared inexhauflible. In Greece the .mto- 
lians and Epirots, excited and fupported by them, had 
taken the field againfl CaflTander. Ptolemy had carried 
his arms into Afia Minor, and fent his fleets to reduce 
the ./Egean iflands that leagued with Antigonus; to 
both thefe objedts Antigonus was obliged to attend ; 
whilft, on the other hand, Lyfimachus and CaflTander 
attacked the provinces on the banks of the Hellefpont 
and Bofphorus. There alfo it was ncceffary for Anti¬ 
gonus and Demetrius to fend forces : in Ihort, they 
were befet with foes on every hand, but they, never¬ 
thelefs, maintained their cattle with aftonifliing vigour 
and fuccefs. 
While Athens was enjoying a flate of tranquillity 
under the adminiftraticn of the deputy of Caflander, 
Demetrius, in the year before Chrifl 306, appeared oil' 
the Piraeus, with a fleet of two hundred and fifty Ihips. 
The Athenians were therefore obliged to fubmit to tiiis 
powerful armament, and Demetrius Phalereus, the go¬ 
vernor, was expelled Athens. From Athens, Deme¬ 
trius failed to Rhodes, and formed the fiege of that 
ifland. CafTander, in the mean while, endeavoured to 
regain polfeflion of the Piraeus; but Demetrius return¬ 
ing, compelled him to raife the fiege of Athens, aitd in 
a very little time (tripped him of all his conqueffs. 
The refult of this triumph was the fubmiflion of the' 
greater part of Greece to the arms of Demetrius, and 
he was appointed commander in chief of all the Gre¬ 
cian forces. All the cities from the (traits of Thermo¬ 
pylae to the ifthmus of Corinth yielded to his prevail¬ 
ing power; and alfo many cities in Peloponnefus. C',.f- 
fander, now fearing left Demetrius would purlue him 
into Macedon, fent deputies to Antigonus' in Syria, to 
conclude a treaty of peace ; but Antigonus required 
the unconditional fubmiflion of Cafl'ander, and the le- 
nunciation of all claim, on his part, to the throne of 
Macedon. The confederacy was therefore renewed 
againfl Antigonus and Demetrius, and was compofed of' 
the Macedonians, the Thracians, and theEgyptians, with 
II K leveral 
