GREECE. 
fucli conditions as Rome and her allies were pleafed to 
impofe. 
Flaminius having expelled Nabis the tyrant of Sparta 
from Argos, left Greece to enjoy the liberty and hap- 
pinefs he had reftorcd, and returned to Rome with all 
tlie Roman garrifons, in the year before Chrift 197. 
The AStolians were the only Grecian people diflTatif- 
fied with the peace ; on account of fome cities which 
had been withheld from them. They tlierefore infi- 
miated to Nabis the contemptible condition to which 
he was reduced by the Romans ; and that Achaia pof- 
fefled all Peloponnefiss, while lie was permitted to re¬ 
tain Sparta only. Nabis was well inclined to under¬ 
take any thing they propofed againft the Romans, and 
therefore immediately laid liege to Gitium. Philopoe- 
men, however, cut off his army foon after near Sparta, 
and befieged the tyrant in that city. Nabis was foon 
after killed by a body of .®tolians, who furprifed 
Sparta ; and th.at date joined the Achaean league. In 
the mean while the jEtolians perfuaded Antiochus, 
king of Syria, to pafs over into Greece, with an intent 
to expel the Romans from that country. Accordingly 
he entered Greece tvith a fmall force ; but being dilap- 
pointed of the fuccours he expected from the Grecian 
dates, was defeated at the Straits of Thermopylae, by 
Manlius Acilius Glabrio, the Roman conful. A depu¬ 
tation was foon after fent from the .(^Itolians to lolicit a 
peace from the Roman people. The conditions of the 
treaty were extremely hard. They were heavily fined, 
compelled to give tip feveral of their cities and territo¬ 
ries to the Romans, and to deliver to the conlul forty 
hodages, to be chol'en by him, none under twelve, nor 
above forty years of age. 
The Roman fenate began now to take umbrage at the 
power and reputation of the Achaean league. Though 
confederated with Achaia, each of the Peloponnefian 
cities retained its peculiar privileges, and a fpecies of 
independent fovereignty. After peace had been con¬ 
cluded with A^tolia, and Cephallenia reduced, M. Ful- 
vius Nobilior refided in that ifland to decide, as he faid, 
any difputes which Ihould arife in Greece, but in faCt 
to improve and foment every dilfenfion for the aggran- 
difement of the Roman republic. The general alfem- 
bly of the Achaeans had been always held at .(Egium ; 
but Philopcemen, who was now at the head of that 
date, thought fit to divide tlie honour and advantages 
of the congrefs among the feveral cities of the league, 
and had appointed Argos for the next diet. But the 
inhabitants of . 5 igium oppofed this regulation, and 
appealed to the decilion of the Roman conful in Ce¬ 
phallenia. 
Befides this, Fulvius had another pretext for palling 
over into Greece. During the tyranny which exided 
in Sparta, many of the Laceda:monians had been driven 
into exile, and inhabited the maritime cities of Laconia, 
protefted by Achaean garrifons. Thefe men had cut 
off' the inhabitants of Lacedaemon from all intercourfe 
with the fea-coad. This redraint the Spartans could 
not brook, and therefore attacked in the night a fmall 
city called Las ; but were repulfed. Philopcemen re- 
prefented to the alfembly this attempt as an infult of¬ 
fered to all Achaia ; and a decree was enadted, that the 
Lacedaemonians diould deliver up the authors of that 
outrage, on pain of being conlidered as enemies. The 
Lacedaemonians not only refilled to obey the decree, 
but put the Achaeans to death who were fent to inform 
them of it, and then difpatched ambaffadors to Ful¬ 
vius, requeding him to come and take poffellion of their 
city. Philopcemen, however, advanced with an army 
into Laconia, and laid wade the territories. By the 
emiffaries of the Romans too, the Mell'enians had been 
prevailed on to take up arms againd the Achaeans ; 
and Philopcemen, hadening to fupprefs the infurgents, 
l,ell into their hands, and was put to death. The Ro¬ 
mans, by this means, being invited to aft as umpires, 
VOL.VIII. No. 558. 
foon found means to dcdroy the drenglli of Achaia, by 
feducing its confederate dates. 
During thefe tranfaftions in Greece, the Romans 
were endeavouring to quarrel with Philip king of Ma- 
eedon, that they might feize his poffedions, and deprive 
liim of his power. For that purpofe they encouraged 
the cantons or communities, ^whic!l Philip had lately 
annexed to his dominions, to affert their independence; 
and coinmillioners being fent from Rome to fettle that 
matter, the king was ordered to content himlelt with 
Macedon in its ancient date ; and by a formal decree 
was required to w ithdraw his garrifons froni .ffinus and 
Maronea, maritime towns of Thrace. With thefe mor^ 
tifying conditions Philip was obliged to comply, having 
no alternative left. Soon after this event, he tell into 
a deep melancholy, which put an end to his exiftence. 
Upon the death of Philip, Perfeus his fon aflumed 
the government, in the year before Chrid 179. The 
fird meafures of his adminidration were remarkably 
mild, and lie affefted a drift regard to judice. • He al- 
fumed an air of benignity and gentlenefs. He fat daily 
to hear caufes, and his decifions wer$ generally made 
with prudence and difeernment. The lame dilpofition 
which he difplayed towards his own fubjedts, he exhi¬ 
bited in his condudl towards mod ot the Grecian dates; 
and at length profeffed himfelf to be the patron of 
Greek liberty againd the pride and dominion ot Rome. 
The Romans, informed of thefe proceedings, difpatched 
ambafladors to Macedon to quedion Perleus as to the 
authenticity of thefe reports. The king, however, 
only anfwered with pride and inloleiice ; and a war 
commenced. A Roman army was immediately fent 
into Greece, under the command of Paulus .i^iniilius, 
who drove Perfeus from his iiitrenchments on the banks 
of the river Enipeus, and he retired precipitately to 
Pydna. Here both armies came to a general engage¬ 
ment, and the Macedonians being broken and routed 
vvith a great daughter, Perfeus fiiirendered liimlelf and 
his elded fon Philip into the hands of the Romans. 
Perfeus was afterwards led in triumph through the 
dreets of Rome, and then cad into a dungeon, where 
he famillied to death. Philip died before his father; 
but Perfeus left a fon named Alexander, who afterwards 
became fecretary to the Roman fenate. 
Not long after the annihilation of the Macedonian 
kings, didurbances broke out in Achaia, and w'ar w’as 
declared againd Sparta. The Romans fent comniil- 
fioners to terminate this difpute. The Achasans, how¬ 
ever, were extremely exafperated againd the Romans ; 
and the Corinthians particularly dillinguidicd them, 
felves in their oppofition to the interference of that im¬ 
perious people. The Boeotians and Chalcidians joined 
the confederacy. Metellus marched the Roman army 
againd them, and obtained a complete vittory. He 
alfo fell in with one thoufand Arcadians, all of whom 
he put to the fword. He then marched to Thebes ; 
but mod of the inhabitants had quitted that city. In 
the mean time Mummius, the conful, arrived from 
Rome with new levies, which inoreafed the army to 
twenty-three thoufand foot, and three thoufand five 
hundred horfe. With thefe forces he advanced to¬ 
wards Corinth againd the enemy, who had dint them- 
I'elves up in that city with fourteen thoufand foot and 
fix thoufand horfe, under the command of Diasus. An 
engagement took place under the walls of Corinth, and 
the Greeks were defeated ; the greater part fled into 
the town, but in the night withdrew from that place ; 
and Diieus himfelf took refuge in Megalopolis, whither 
he had before fent his family. He killed his wife to 
prevent her from falling into the hands of the enemy, 
and then took poifon, of which he died. On the third 
day after the aftion, the viftorious general entered Co¬ 
rinth; and, with the exception only of the datues and 
piftures intended for his triumph, gave the town, 
abounding with all the ornaments of a wealthy metro- 
II L polis. 
