GREEK 
arifes w]io fliall be the reprcfentative of Judas; be- 
caiife the name attaches for life. 
Dr. King-, in his “ Rites and Ceremonies of the Greek 
Church,” judiciouny remarks, rliat by liturgy, the oR 
fice of the eucharift only was dei'cribod, nor has it at 
piefent a different meaning in the Greek church, the 
four liturgies of which are thofe of St. James, St. Bafil, 
St. Chryiblfom, and tliofe of the jire-landtified myfte- 
ries. The firft of thefe is afferted to be fpurious by 
Smith, and therefore obfolete. The liturgies of St. 
Bafil and St. Chryfofi.om are effentially the fame ; but 
the former being the longer, is ufed only on certain 
days, while the latter is confidered as the ordinary 
communion fervice. That of the prc-fandlified is ap¬ 
propriated for Wednefdays and Fridays in Lent, or the 
great faft. By fome it is al'cribed to Gregory Dialogus, 
who lived in the fixth century; but Smith attributes it- 
to Germanus, patriarch of Conftantinople, two centu- 
i-ies later. 
The fervice of the Greek church, like that of Rome 
at prefent, and that of all other churches before the re¬ 
formation', is principally choral. Their canons and an¬ 
tiphones are hymns or portions of fcripture fet to mufic, 
hid recited by the minifter, and then chanted by the 
choir, but without mufical inllruments, which are not 
admitted in accompaniment. The edfinea correfponds 
with our litany, but is never fo called by the Greeks. 
They have feveral in every fervice. In confeqiience of 
a great variety of thefe and other forms, their books of 
otfices ai'e numerous and bulky. 
The Menxon contains tlie hymns and fervices for 
every feftival, as it occurs in the calendar, and is di¬ 
vided into twelvq volumes folio, each volume comprif- 
ing the fervice of a montit. Tiie Octcechos, is fo called 
from eight tones or voices, which are fixed to particu¬ 
lar hymns, and v/hich ferve as a rule for lingin^ the red. 
It is divided into two volumes folio. - 
The Synnaxar, or biographical hidory of the faints, 
comprehends four volum.es folio, of wliich an appro¬ 
priate portion is read on every faint’s day. To thefe 
mud be added the pfalter and hours, the common fer¬ 
vice, the four gofpels, the two triodes, the book of 
prayer, the ritual, and the regulation, wherein are con¬ 
tained direttions how they are to be tiled. 
Of the Menologion, it is fufficient to remark that it 
nearly refembles idolatry ; they admit pictures into 
tl’.eir churches, not merely as ornamental, but as indif- 
penfable in the ceremonials of their religion. They are 
ufually attached to the dcreen which fecretes the chan, 
cel, and from thence receives the name of iconodas. In 
the arguments advanced by Greek theologids in defence 
of this preference of painting to fculpture, there ap¬ 
pears to be little folidity. They confider themfel-ves as 
fecure tinder the authority of St. John Damafcentis. 
The facerdotal habits are no lefs various, fplendid, 
and c&dly, than thofe of the Romidi church. The bi- 
diops and archimandrites wear mitres and other epifeo- 
pal decorations during the performance of divine fer¬ 
vice. The epitrachelion correfponds in fome meafiire 
to the fcarf worn by our clergy, as the phelonion does 
to the gown or ftirplice, excepting that the latter is 
made of rich dlk or velvet, embroidered with gold or 
diver. In the emblematical and mydical properties at¬ 
tributed to clerical vedments, the Greek church rivals 
the barbarifm of the inonkilh ages. 
In regard to difeipline and government, the refem- 
blance of the, Greek to other epifcopalian churches, 
and pai^ticularly to that of Rome, may be eafily con- 
jedhired. The fame divifion of the clergy into re¬ 
gular and feCLilar, the fame fpiritual jurifdidlion of 
bidiops and their officials, the fame didinblion of ranks 
and offices, is obfervable in both. Some points there 
are in which the difeipline of the Greeks, who edeem 
their own church the mod ancient and orthodox, 
is particularly delerving of notice. All orders of the 
C H U n C H. 971 
Greek clergy inferior to bidiops, are permitted to marry. 
The married prieds wear a fillet of white mullin round 
their bonnet of black felt, and long beards univerfally, 
and are never promoted to a higher dignity than that ot 
proto-papas of the church in which they ferve. Celi¬ 
bacy, and the adumption of monadic habits, are indil- 
penfably requilite in thofe who are candidates for the 
mitre. 
In the Greek church, the regular clergy are gene¬ 
rally men of a certain education, whereas the I'cculars 
are of the meaner fort, and illiterate in the extreme. In 
that of Rome tlie reverie will be found. The Greek 
monks, or caloyeri, follow only the rule of St. Bali!; their 
reddence is,on mount Atlios, in Chios, and the Princes’ 
lllands. Few convents of females are now exiding; 
but in both fexes the degrees of afcetic proficiency is 
marked by peculiar habits. Their feminaries of edu¬ 
cation are etlablitlied at Mount Athos, and at the mo* 
nadery of the Apocalypfe in the idand of Pathmos.. 
Befides the power of nominating the patriarchs of 
Alexandria, Antioch, and Jernfalem, and all epifcopal 
dignitaries, the patriarch of Condantinople enjoys a 
modextenfive jurifdiiitioh, comprifing the churches of 
Anatolia, Greece, Wallachia, Moldavia, and the itlands 
of the Archipelago ; and for the adminidration of ec- 
clefiadical affairs, a fynod, convened monthly, is com- 
pofed of the heads of the church reddent in Condanti¬ 
nople. In this adembly the patriarch of Conlfantino- 
ple preddes, with thofe of Antioch and Jernfalem, and 
twelve arclibidiops. Seniority ought to take the lead 
in thefk councils, but is too often overborn by fuperior 
talents or habits of intrigue, and a majoiity is com¬ 
manded by that prelate whole influence promifes mod: 
to thofe wlio fupport him. But fo (lender and uncer¬ 
tain are th^ revenues of the patriarchs of Jernfalem and 
Antioch, that they are obliged to refide at Condantino¬ 
ple, and .to depend in a great meafure on the bounty of 
their fuperior, who of courfe commands their fuffrages. 
Throughout the whole ecclefiadical date, from the 
prelate or defpotes to tire parochial papas, a material 
defalcation of tlieir original income has,occurred. The 
bilhoprics are univerlally charged with the payment, of 
the intered at lead, of large I'ums, accumulated for 
ages, in conlequence of avanias levied bn the patriar¬ 
chate, to which each diocefe is bound to contribute its. 
quota. By fuch burthens the revenues are lb diminilh- 
ed as to leave to the mod opulent bilhop little more 
than three hundred pounds a year. The Iccurity given 
in thefe eccledadical bonds is deemed the mod ample, 
and the rich Greeks trud their money on them, at a 
lower rate of intered, in preference to commercial com¬ 
panies. The bilhops depend entirely upon a certain 
tax, levied upon each houfe within their didricts inha-- 
bited by Greeks, 
The doftrine of the Eadern or Greek church, prevails 
at this day over a greater extent of country than that of 
any other church in the Chrillian world. It is profeffed 
through the mod condderable part of Greece, the Gre¬ 
cian ides, Wallachia, Moldavia, Egypt, Nubia, Lybia, 
Arabia, Mefopotamia, Syria, Cilicia, and Paledine; 
all which are comprehended within the jnrildidtion of 
the patriarchs of Condantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, 
and Jerufalemj to thefe, if we add the whole of the 
Rndian empire in Europe, great part of Siberia in Ada, 
Adracan, Cafan, Georgia, and White Ruffia in Poland, 
it will be evident that' the Gceek church has a greater 
extent of territory than the Latin, with all the branches 
that are fprung from it. 
The Armenian church is alfo a branch of the Greek 
church, profeffing the fame faith, and, till near the 
middle of tlie fixth century, acknowledged the fame 
fubjebtion to the fee of Condantinople, At that time 
the herefy of the Monophyiiies, fpreading far and wide 
through the regions of Africa and Ada, comprehended 
the Armenians among its votaries. It feems to be ge¬ 
nerally 
