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calm, took place; a battle which cost the lives of both generals, 
and in which the French were defeated with the loss of the town 
and colony. 
General Wolfe took possession of the Isle d’Orleans, and made 
himself master of Point Levi. The Marquis de Montcalm, 
upon the heights by the falls of Montmorency, with his army in 
a fortified position, heroically received the attack of General Wolfe 
and drove him back, with great loss to the English army. On 
this occasion, General Wolfe embarked his men in the night, 
took advantage of the darkness to pass the town, sailed up the St 
Lawrence, and disembarked at the place that is now called Wolfe’s 
cove. He mounted the rock with a great deal of difficulty, and then 
put his army at the break of day in order of battle on the Heights 
of Abraham. To assist the town, and drive the English from 
the heights of Abraham, the Marquis de Montcalm found it ne¬ 
cessary to leave his impregnable position at Montmorency, and to 
cross, by a bridge secured by double piers, over the river St 
Charles. He now, with Quebec in his rear, drew up his army 
upon the heights in good order and gave battle, the result of which 
was unfortunate to him and his government. 
The English engineers make use of bricks which are burned 
in England, for building the casemates of the fortification. A 
thousand of these bricks cost the government, including trans¬ 
portation, two pounds ten shillings! The reason they give is, 
that the bricks burned here, crack in the winter. I rather believe 
that the preference of these foreign bricks has some other reason. 
The arsenal is a large, yet not bomb-proof building, in which 
there are more than twenty thousand muskets, and some useful 
pistols. We also saw here several very handsomely ornamented 
single and double-barrel guns, which are kept for the purpose of 
making presents to Indian chiefs. 
The upper part of the town is very old and angular, the streets 
are muddy, and many hot paved. Both towns contain about 
twenty-five thousand inhabitants. The Catholic cathedral is quite 
a handsome building; it has three altars, and paintings of but lit¬ 
tle value. On account of the coldness of the climate the church 
is floored. The inside of the church is divided like English 
churches, into aisles. It is near the seminary, an old French 
building, with massive walls, having four corners like a bastion. 
In this seminary resides the Bishop of Quebec. We had already 
been introduced to Bishop Plessis, in the house of Sir Francis 
Burton, and found him a very agreeable and well-informed man. 
He is the son of a butcher of Montreal, and has elevated himself 
by his own merit. A few years ago he travelled through England, 
France, and Italy, where he received the title of Archbishop of 
Canada, from the pope. The English government in the mean 
